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^^IBi^i  w  *     1 

GENERAL  JAMES  O'HARA. 


PORT  PITl 


Letters  from  the  F-rontiijR 


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1892 


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Letters  from  the  Frontier 


PITTSBURGH 

J.  R.  WELDIN  &  CO. 
1892 


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philadelphia. 


I 


PREFACE. 


The  increase  of  interest  in  the  frontier  history  of  Penn- 
sylvania, caused  by  the  establishment  of  the  society  called  the 
"  Daughters  of  the  Revolution,"  has  induced  me  to  publish 
these  historical  documents. 

The  principal  occupants  of  this  portion  of  Pennsylvania, 
when  first  explored,  were  the  Six  Nations :  the  Mohawks, 
Oneidas,  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  Senecas  and  the  Tuscarawas. 

1749,  Captain  Celeron,  a  French  officer,  came  to  the  Ohio 
and  took  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name  of  his  king, 
Louis  XV,  of  France,  and  deposited  leaden  plates  at  different 
places  on  the  rivers  Allegheny  and  Ohio.  This  is  referred 
to  in  the  "  Olden  Time,"  and  parts  of  the  journal  have  been 
published  by  others  with  notes.  The  journal  of  Celeron,  as 
now  published,  was  copied  in  Paris  from  the  original  in  the 
Public  Library,  procured  by  the  kindness  of  Monsieur 
Margry.  The  few  notes  needed  were  written  by  William  M. 
Darlington. 

1754,  Governor  Dinwiddle  claimed  the  Forks  of  the  Ohio 
for  Virginia. 

Captain  Trent's  company  was  sent  here,  under  command 
of  Ensign  Ward,  and  commenced  the  erection  of  a  fort. 

April  17th,  Monsieur  Contrecoeur  descended  the  Alle- 
gheny River  with  his  forces  and  demanded  its  surrender. 
Resistance  was  impossible  and  the  surrender  was  made  to 
Contrecoeur,  who  completed  the  fort,  commenced  by  Ward, 

<5) 


6  PKEKACK. 

and  called  it  Fort  Duquesne,  in  honor  of  the  Governor  of 
Canada.  The  history  of  this  settlement  is  given  in  the 
"Olden  Time,"  by  Pittsburgh's  historian,  Neville  B.Craig. 
1758,  General  Forbes  advanced  towards  Fort  Duquesne  and 
it  was  abandoned  by  the  French.  Fort  Pitt  was  then  built 
by  General  Stanwix  and  was  considered  a  formidable  fortifi- 
cation. Colonel  Bouquet  built  the  redoubt,  now  standing,  in 
1764.  It  was  during  the  occupation  of  this  fort  by  the  Brit- 
ish that  Captain  Kcuyer  was  in  command.  No  notes  are 
needed  with  his  journal  and  letters — they  are  complete  and 
were  copied  for  Mr.  Darlington  from  the  originals  in  the 
British  Museum. 

The  sketch  of  the  life  of  General  James  O'Hara  was  com- 
piled from  documents  collected  by  Mr.  Darlington  and  letters 
now  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  McKnight  and  Miss  Matilda 
Denny.  Biographies  or  biographical  notices  and  journals 
have  been  published  of  all  the  historical  persons  here  men- 
tioned. The  letters  are  copies  of  the  original  letters  and 
sufficiently  annotate  these  histories. 

The  history  of  the  organization  of  Allegheny  County  was 
written  by  Mr.  Darlington  by  request  of  county  officials.  To 
those  interested  in  the  early  history  of  the  West  this  histori- 
cal collection  is  offered,  in  memory  of  William  M.  Darlington, 
by  his  wife, 

Mary  Carson  Darlington. 


•*»i'*»Mm^i»0^tfit0^ 


i">ii**'«»*l^«M^Q^, 


CONTENTS. 


I'AGE 

Preface ^ 

Journal  of  Captain  Celeron q 

Campaign  of  1758.— Letters  of  Generals  Grant,  Forbes  and  Bouquet  63 

Journal,  Letters  and  Orderly  Book  of  Captain  S.  Ecuyer 84 

Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Genera :  O'Hara 200 

Letters  from  Officers  of  the  Continental  Army,  from  1776-1799.  .   .  221 
Erection  and  Organization  of  Allegheny  County,  by  William   M. 

Darlington ^oi 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Frontispiece  Portrait  of  James  O'Hara. 
Portrait  of  Mrs.  James  O'Hara. 
(Juyasuta's  Cirave. 


MAPS. 

Fort  Duquesne,  1759. 
Fort  Pitt,  1795. 

Hutchins'  Map  of  Indian  Towns  and 
Bouquet's  Route.  1764. 


CANADA— 174^). 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN 

Which  I,  Ckuckon,  Cmkvamek  of  thk  Mit-itarv  Order  ok  St. 
Louis,  Captain  Co.mmani>ixo  a  Detachment,  sent  to  the 
Uelle  River  hv  the  Order  ok  the  Marquis  de  la  (Iai.is- 
SONNIEUE,  Commanding  General  ok  Am.  New  France  and 
Country  ok  Louisiana. 


I  LEFT  cle  la  Chine  on  the  15th  of  June  with  a  detachment 
formed  of  a  captain,  eight  subaltern  officers,  six  cadets,  an 
armorer,  twenty  men  of  the  troops,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
Canadians  and  nearlythirty  savages— equal  numberof  Iroquois 
and  Abenakes.  I  slept  at  Point  Clair.  On  the  i6th  I  departed 
at  10  o'clock  A.M.,  and  slept  at  Soulange  with  all  my  detach- 
ment. Several  canoes  were  injured  in  the  rapids.  On  the 
17th  I  departed  from  Soulange,  and  ascended  to  the  Cedars, 
on  the  side  of  the  Lake.  In  this  place  Mr.  Joncaire  was  ship- 
wrecked, his  canoe  broken,  one  man  drowned,  and  the  greater 
portion  of  the  effects  lost. 

1 8th,  I  remained  at  the  entrance  of  the  Lake  St.  Francis, 
to  dry  the  few  effects  which  were  collected  at  the  foot  of  the 
rapids. 

19th,  I  passed  Lake  St.  Francois,  ascended  the  rapids  called 
the  Thousand  Rocks,  and  anchored  without  any  accident. 

20th,  I  ascended  the  long  fall  (Sault). 

2ist,  I  passed  several  rapids;  I  did  not  make  a  list  of  them ; 
they  are  known  by  every  one. 

22d,  23d,  and  24th,  I  continued  my  route  without  anything 

2  (9) 


r 


10 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


remarkable  happening,  excepting  that  several  canoes  were 
staved  in  by  the  carelessness  of  those  who  conducted  them. 
I  had  them  mended,  and  continued  my  way. 

25th,  I  passed  a  new  French  establishment,  founded  by  the 
Abbe  Piquet,  where  I  found  nearly  forty  acres  of  cleared 
land;  his  stone  fort,  eight  feet  in  height,  was  not  yet  finished. 
The  Abbe  Piquet  was  lodged  under  bark,  in  the  manner  of 
the  savages,  and  was  preparing  wood  and  other  material  for 
his  habitation.     He  had  two  savage  guides  whom  he  desired 
me  to  take  with  me ;  I  accepted  them  to  please  him ;  this  was 
all  that  composed  his  mission. 
26th,  I  left  Mr.  Piquet  and  slept  at  Little  Detroit. 
27th,  I  departed  early  to  go  to  Fort  I'^rontenac,*  where  I 
arrived  at  5  o'clock  in  the  evening. 

28th  and  29th,  I  sojourned  at  Fort  Frontenac,  to  mend  my 
canoes,  which  had  been  much  damaged  in  the  rapids,  and  to 
rest  my  men. 

30th,  I  departed  from  Fort  Frontenac  to  go  to  Niagara ;  on 
the  fifth  day  I  met  Mr.  Nardiere,  who  received  the  Miamis. 
He  informed  me  that  the  nations  of  Detroit,  having  known  of 
my  march,  were  ready  at  the  first  invitation  to  join  me.  I  did 
not  rely  much  on  the  disposition  of  these  savages,  however, 
as  I  had  learned  on  my  route  that  they  had  more  people  on  the 
Belle  Riviere  than  I  had  been  informed  of  at  Mr  Calissoniere's, 
I  profited  at  all  hazard  by  the  advice  of  Mr.  Nardiere,  and 
forced  my  march  to  rejoin  Mr.  Labrevois,  who  was  going  to 
command  at  Detroit. 

I  arrived  at  Niagara  on  the  6th  of  July,  where  I  found  him ;  we 
conferred  together,  and  I  wrote  to  the  Chevalier  de  Longnaiul 
that  which  I  had  learned  from  Mr.  de  la  Nardiere,  and  de- 
sired him,  that  if  these  nations  of  Detroit  were  in  the  design 
toj:ome  and  join  me,  and  not  delay  his  departure,  I  would 
*  Outlet  of  Lake  Ontario. 


CANADA — 1749. 


II 


give  the  rendezvous  at  Strotve*  on  the  9th  or  loth  of  August ; 
that  if  they  had  changed  their  mind  I  would  be  obliged  to  him 
to  send  me  couriers  to  inform  me  of  their  intentions,  so  that 
I  may  know  what  will  happen  to  rne.  On  the  7th  of  July,  I 
sent  Mr.  de  Contrecoeur,  captain  and  second  in  command  of 
the  detachment,  with  the  subaltern  officers  and  all  my  canoes, 
to  make  the  portage.  I  remained  at  the  fort,  to  wait  for  my 
savages  who  had  taken  on  Lake  Ontario  another  route  than  I 
had  ;  having  rejoined  me  I  went  to  the  portage  which  Mr.  de 
Contrecoeur  had  made.  On  the  14th  of  the  same  month  we 
entered  Lake  Erie ;  a  high  wind  from  the  sea  made  me  camp 
some  distance  from  the  little  rapid ;  there  I  formed  three  com- 
panies to  mount  guard,  which  were  of  forty  men,  commanded 
by  an  ofificer. 

15th,  I  departed  early  in  the  morning,  in  the  hope  of  making 
a  fine  journey,  and  went  to  the  portage  of  Chatakouin,t  which 
I  could  not  make,  there  having  risen  a  high  wind — the  same  as 
on  the  evening.  I  was  forced  to  land.  The  lake  is  extremely 
low.  There  is  no  shelter.  If  one  does  not  foresee  the  wind,  they 
run  the  risk  of  perishing  in  disembarking.  For  more  than 
twenty  acres  in  extent  we  found  very  large  stones  on  which  one 
is  in  danger  of  perishing.  I  fell  on  one,  and  without  prompt 
help  I  would  have  been  drowned,  with  all  my  men.  I  landed 
to  mend  my  canoe,  which  had  been  broken  in  several  places. 

i6th,  I  arrived  at  noon  at  the  portage  of  Chatakouin.  As 
soon  as  my  canoes  were  loaded,  I  detached  Mr.  de  Villiers 
and  Le  Borgne,  with  fifty  men,  to  go  clear  the  roads  the  rest 
of  the  day.  I  observed  the  situation  of  the  place,  in  case  one 
should  wish  in  the  future  to  make  there  an  establishment.  I 
did  not  find  anything  advantageous  there,  either  for  the  navi- 
gation of  the  lake  or  in  the  situation  of  the  place.     The  lake 

*  Cannot  be  identified. 
t  Barcelona  or  Portland. 


I' 


12 


lOLRXAL   OF   CELERON. 


J 


is  so  shallow  to  the  south  that  vessels  cannot  approach  the 
portage  nearer  than  one  mile.  There  is  no  island  or  harbor 
where  one  could  anchor  and  get  into  shelter;  they  must  anchor 
and  have  boats  to  unload  from — high  winds  are  so  frequent ; 
and  I  think  they  are  dangerous;  furthermore,  there  is  no  vil- 
lage of  the  savages  established  in  this  place,  the  nearest  are 
those  of  Ganaonagon  and  de  la  Paille  Coupee.* 

In  the  evening  Mr.  Villiers  and  La  Borgne  came  to  sleep  in 
the  camp;  they  had  cleared  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  league 
of  road ;  they  placed  guards,  and  this  order  will  continue  all 
the  campaign,  as  much  for  the  safety  of  my  detachment  as  to 
discipline  the  Canadians,  of  which  they  have  need. 

17th,  At  break  of  day  we  commenced  our  portage,  which  was 
conducted  very  vigorously.  Nearly  all  the  canoes,  provisions, 
and  munitions  of  war  and  merchandise,  destined  for  presents 
to  the  nations  of  la  Belle  Riviere,  were  carried  the  three  quarter- 
leagues  which  had  been  cleared  the  evening  before.  This  road 
is  very  difficult,  on  account  of  the  number  of  hillsides  which 
are  encountered,  also,  all  my  men  were  very  tired. 

1 8th,  I  continued  my  portage  ;  but  bad  weather  prevented 
continuing  it  as  long  as  on  the  preceding  day.  I  consoled 
myself  that  this  delay  was  only  caused  by  the  rain  :  it  was  all 
that  I  wished,  in  order  to  have  water  in  the  river  to  pass  with 
the  load  that  I  had  in  my  canoe. 

19th,  The  rain  being  heavy,  I  put  myself  in  route  and 
made  this  day  a  half  league. 
20th,  2ist,  We  continued  our  route  with  extreme  diligence. 
22d,  We  have  achieved  the  portage,  which  could  be  counted 
as  four  leagues,  and  we  arrived  on  the  border  of  Lake  Chata- 
kium.f  At  this  place  I  had  my  canoes  repaired  and  rested  my 
men. 


*  Broken  straw, 
t  Chautauqua. 


CANADA — 1749. 


n 


I 

;1* 


23d,  At  noon  I  departed  and  encamped  one  league  from  the 
entrance  of  the  lake,  which  might  be  nine  leagues  In  the 
evening  our  savages,  who  had  been  fishing  in  the  lake,  told 
me  that  they  haci  seen  people,  who  had  hidden  in  the  woods  as 
soon  as  they  perceived  them. 

24th,  I  went  out  of  the  lake  early  in  the  morning  and  drew 
into  the  river  Chatakium.  The  water  being  found  low,  I  had 
transported  the  greater  part  of  the  baggage  by  land.  The  por- 
tage was  indicated  to  me  by  the  traces  of  the  savages.  We 
had  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  league  to  transport  our  canoes, 
which  could  not  pass  with  the  load  ;  we  have  made  at  least 
this  day,  by  water,  one  half  league. 

2Sth,  Before  commencing  our  march,  by  the  advice  of  the 
savages  of  my  detachment,  I  assembled  a  council,  composed  of 
the  officers  and  the  natives  which  I  had  with  me,  to  deliberate 
together  on  the  measures  which  we  should  take  on  the  occa- 
sion of  the  vestiges,  which  we  had  found  the  preceding  even- 
ing, of  several  cabins,  abandoned  with  such  precipitation  that 
they  had  left  a  part  of  their  utensils,  their  canoes,  and  even 
their  provisions,  to  gain  the  woods.  This  manoeuvre  made  us 
judge  of  the  fear  of  the  savages,  and  that  they  had  only  retired 
through  fear,  and,  consequently,  they  would  carry  the  alarm  to 
all  the  villages — put  them  to  flight  or  make  them  take  the 
part  of  assembling,  forming  a  considerable  corps  and  surround- 
ing us  with  ambushes.  The  country  was  very  advantageous 
for  them,  and  for  us  very  difficult  of  access,  owing  to  the  little 
water  in  the  river.  I  communicated  the  intentions  of  the 
Marquis  de  la  Galissoniere  to  the  officers;  they  saw  that  it  was 
of  very  great  importance,  for  the  execution  of  the  orders  with 
which  I  was  charged,  to  reassure  the  natives  of  these  countries, 
and  the  unanimous  opinion  was  that  they  should  be  desired 
to  keep  themselves  tranquil  in  their  tents,  and  assure  them 
that  I  have  only  come  to  treat  with  them  of  good  things  and 


-..-..^  f 


.^.  ^Mt-«»««k.-. 


» ^  **w.*.»»^,^»ivi 


r 


14 


lOLKNAL   OF   CELERON'. 


explain  to  them  the  opinions  of  their  father,  Onontio.  I  drew 
up  in  writing  their  opinions,  which  they  all  signed.  Here  is 
the  copy : 

"Council  held  by  Mr.  de  Celeron  with  the  officers  of  his 
detachment  and  the  chiefs,  July  25th,  1749. 

"Having  discovered  yesterday,  July  24th,  at  the  base  of  the 
Lake  Chatakiuni  some  signs,  by  which  it  appeared  to  us  that 
the  savages  who  were  hunting  in  this  place  had  been  fright- 
ened by  the  number  of  canoes  and  people  which  composed  our 
detachment,  having  abandoned  their  canoes,  provisions  and 
other  utensils,  useful  to  them,  and  that  they  had  carried  the 
alarm  to  the  village  de  la  Faille  Coupee,  and  as  it  is  important 
in  consequence  of  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Galissoniere 
to  speak  to  these  nations,  to  make  known  to  them  his  in- 
tentions, and  not  wishing  to  do  anything  without  taking  the 
advice  of  the  officers  and  of  the  chiefs  we  have  with  us,  we 
have  assembled  them  to  make  known  to  them  the  orders  with 
which  we  are  charged,  in  order  to  take  the  most  convincible 
measures  to  dissipate  the  terror  which  our  march  has  spread. 
The  advice  of    all   having  been   collected,   the   unanimous 
opinion  has  been  that  to  reassure  these  nations  and  have  the 
opportunity  to  speak  to  them,  there  should  be  a  canoe  sent 
to  the  village  de  la  Paille  Coupee  in  which  would  embark  Mr. 
Joupere,  lieutenant,  with  some  Abenakes  and  three  Iroquois, 
to  carry  to  them  three  strings  of  wampum,  and  invite  them  to 
return,  that  their  father  had  only  come  to  treat  with  them 
on  pleasant  business, 

"Executed  at  our  camp  at  the  entrance  of  the  River  Chan- 
ongon,  July  25th." 
All  the  officers  signed. 

As  soon  as  the  council  finished  I  sent  away  Mr.  de  Jonquiere ; 
that  done,  I  set  out  on  my  route  and  made  nearly  a  league 
with  much  toil.  At  many  places  I  was  obliged  to  put  forty 
men  on  each  canoe  to  make  them  pass. 


CANADA  — 1749. 


15 


26th,  27th  and  28th,  I  continued  my  route  not  without  many 
obstacles,  and  notwithstanding  all  the  precautions  which  I 
took  to  manage  my  boats,  they  were  often  in  a  bad  state, 
owing  to  the  low  water. 

29th,  I  entered  at  noon  into  the  Belle  Riviere*  (Ohio). 
I  buried  a  lead  plate,  on  which  is  engraved  the  possession 
taken,  in  the  name  of  the  king,  of  this  river  and  of  all  those 
which  fall  into  it.  I  also  attached  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the 
king,  engraved  on  a  sheet  of  white  iron,  and  over  all  I  drew 
up  a  Proces  Verbal,  which  the  officers  and  myself  signed. 

Copy  of  the  Proces  Verbal,  of  the  position  of  the  lead 
plate  and  the  arms  of  the  king,  placed  at  the  entrance  of  la 
Belle  Riviere  (Ohio)  with  the  inscription : 

"The  year  1749,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the  Order  Royal  and 
Military  of  St.  Louis,  Captain  Commanding  a  Detachment  sent 
by  the  orders  of  Marquis  de  Gallissonniere,  Commander  Gen- 
eral of  Canada  on  the  Belle  Riviere,  otherwise  called  the  Ohio, 
accompanied  by  the  principal  officers  of  our  detachments, 
have  buried,  at  the  foot  of  a  red  oak  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
river  Ohio  (Oyo)  and  of  the  Chanangon  and  at  40°  51'  23"  a 
lead  plate  with  inscription  : 

"In  the  year  1749  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XV,  King  of  France, 
I,  Celeron,  Commander  of  the  Detachment  sent  by  the  Marquis 
de  la  Gallissonniere,  Comma,nding  General  of  New  France, 
to  re-establish  tranquillity  in  some  villages  of  these  cantons, 
we  have  buried  this  plate,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ohiof  and 
Kanaragon,J  July  29th,  as  a  monument  of  the  renewal  of 
possession  which  we  have  taken  of  the  said  river  Ohio,  and  of 
all  those  that  therein  empty ;  and  of  all  the  land  on  both 
sides  to  the  source  of  said  river,  as  they  were  enjoyed,  or 

*  Now  Allegheny. 

t  Allegheny. 

J  Conewago,  now  Warren. 


—  ~-_n 


f 


16 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


should  have  been  enjoyed  by  the  preceding  kings  of  France, 
and  that  they  are  maintained  by  the  arms  and  by  treaties, 
and  especially  by  those  of  Reswick,  d' Utrecht  and  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle ;  we  have  also  affixed  in  the  same  place  to  a  tree  the 
arms  of  the  king,  in  testimony  of  which  we  have  drawn  up 
and  signed  the  present  Proces  Verbal. 

"  Done  at  the  entrance  of  Belle  Riviere,  July  29th,  1749. 
All  the  officers  have  signed." 

This  operation  finished,  as  I  was  not  far  from  the  village  of 
Kanaongan,  and  as  the  savages  were  informed  by  Mr.  de  Jon- 
caire  of  my  arrival,  they  were  anxious  to  find  me.  As  soon  as 
they  had  discovered  my  canoes  they  sent  a  deputation  to  invite 
me  to  visit  their  villages  and  there  receive  the  compliments 
of  their  chief.  I  treated  them  well— the  envoys.  I  gave  a  cup 
of  brandy,*  for  them  to  drink  to  their  father  Onontio,  and  gave 
them  tobacco.  They  returned  to  their  villages.  I  went  there 
a  short  time  after.  I  passed  before  the  village  ;  they  saluted 
me  with  several  discharges  of  musketry ;  I  returned  them,  and 
formed  my  camp  at  the  other  side  of  the  river.  Mr.  de  Jon- 
caire  collected  the  chiefs  in  one  tent,  I  received  their  compli- 
ments and  felicitations,  and  as  this  village  has  from  twelve 
to  thirteen  cabins,  I  invited  them  to  go  to  la  Paille  Couple 
to  hear  what  I  had  to  say  to  them  on  the  part  of  their 
father  Onontio  ;  the  women  brought  me  a  present  of  Indian 
corn  and  pumpkins.  I  responded  suitably  with  other  little 
presents.  Mr.  Joncaire  assured  me  that  it  was  time  he 
should  have  come  to  dissipate  the  terror  which  had  seized  on 
the  spirits  of  the  savages,  that  several  had  retired  to  the 
woods  and  that  the  others  had  made  their  packs  to  do  the  same. 
I  sent  M.  de  Joncaire  to  la  Paille  Coupee. 

On  the  30th  I  went  to  la  Paille  Coupee,  where  I  had  sent 
Mr.  de  Joncaire  the  previous  evening.    The  savages  of  this 

*  In  the  F"rench  copy  it  is  "  coup  de  lait." 


CANADA — 1749. 


17 


place  intended  to  hide  themselves  in  the  woods  on  the  report 
which  was  made  to  them  by  those  we  had  found  on  the  Lake 
Chatakium ;  they  had  told  them  that  we  were  a  large  company 
and  that  without  doubt  it  was  to  destroy  them.  Mr.  de  Jon- 
caire  had  much  trouble  to  remove  this  impression,  although 
they  were  Iroquois  of  the  five  villages  that  composed  these 
two  villages,  and  he  is  an  adopted  child  of  the  nation,  and 
they  have  great  confidence  in  him.  As  soon  as  I  was  en- 
camped the  chiefs  assembled  and  came  to  my  tent  ;  here 
are  their  first  words  : 


Speech  of  the  Sonontonans,  estabUshcd  at  the  Village  de  la 
Paillc  Couph',  othenvise  called  Kachniodagon  and  Kami- 
onagon,  to  Mr.  de  Celeron,  by  tivo  strings  of  Wampwn,  July 
30,  1749 : 

"My  Father,  we  wish  to  testify  the  joy  which  we  feel  at 
seeing  you  arrive  in  our  villages  in  good  health.  It  is  a  long 
time  since  we  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  our  Father  in  this 
land,  and  the  march,  of  which  we  have  heard  for  a  month,  has 
caused  us  much  inquietude  and  fear,  not  only  in  our  villages 
but  in  all  those  of  la  Belle  Riviere  (Ohio).  It  is  perceived, 
my  Father,  that  to  reassure  the  children,  frightened  and  with- 
out spirit,  that  you  have  sent  our  son,  Joncaire,  to  tell  us  to 
be  tranquil  and  wait  in  our  villages  your  arrival ;  to  hear  the 
words  of  our  Father,  Onontio,  which  you  bring  us  ;  the  strings 
of  wampum  have  entirely  removed  from  our  spirits  all  the 
fears  which  had  possession  of  us.  Our  packs  were  made  up 
for  flight,  and  we  were  like  drunken  people,  all  in  despair,  and 
we  have  remained  as  thou  wished  us,  to  hear  that  which  thou 
hast  to  say  to  us.  We  are  charmed  that  our  Father,  Onontio, 
chose  thee  to  make  known  to  us  his  intentions.  It  is  not  only 
to-day  that  we  have  known  thee ;  thou  hast  governed  us  at 
Niagara,  and  thou  knowest  that  we  have  only  done  thy  will." 


r 


18 


JOURNAL   OK   C1CL1:K0N. 


Response  of  Mr.  Celeron,  in  the  fo/hncing  zvords,  with  tzva 
strings  of  Wampum,  July  30,  1749  : 

"  I  am  charmed,  my  children,  that  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Joncaire 
in  your  village  has  raised  your  spirits  and  dissipated  the  fear 
that  my  presence  in  this  country  caused  you.  Without  doubt 
it  is  caused  by  the  evil  intrigues  of  people  who  work  always 
evil.  That  which  I  find  surprising  is  that  those  which  have 
the  right  spirit  and  that  have  always  listened  to  the  words  of 
their  Father,  Onontio,  should  have  felt  this  fear. 

"By  these  two  strings  of  wampum  I  open  your  ears,  so 
that  you  will  hear  well  that  which  I  tell  you  on  the  part  of 
your  Father,  Onontio ;  and  I  also  open  your  eyes  to  make  you 
see  clearly  the  advantages  which  your  Father  is  going  to  pro- 
cure for  you,  if,  like  people  of  sense,  you  will  profit  by  it.  It 
is  his  word  that  I  bring  to  you  here  and  which  I  am  going 
to  carry  to  all  the  villages  of  la  Belle  Riviere  (Ohio.)" 

Speech  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Gallissonniere  to  the  first  village 
of  the  Iroquois  Sonontonans,  established  at  the  entrance  of  la 
Belle  Rivitre ;  brought  by  Mr.  de  Celeron.      With  one  belt : 
"My  children,  since  I  have  been  at  war  with  the  English,  I 
have  learned  that  that  nation  has  deceived  you ;  and  not  con- 
tent with  breaking  your  heart,  they  have  profited  by  my  ab- 
sence from  this  country  to  invade  the  land  which  does  not 
belong  to  them  and  which  is  mine.    This  is  what  determined 
me  to  send  to  you  Mr.  Celeron,  to  inform  you  of  my  inten- 
tions, which  are,  that  I  will  not  suffer  the  English  on  my  land ; 
and  I  invite  you,  if  you  are  my  true  children,  to  not  receive 
them  any  more  in  your  villages.     I  forbid,  then,  by  this  belt, 
the  commerce  which  they  have  established  lately  in  this  part 
of  the  land,  and  announce  to  you  that  I  will  no  longer  suffer 
it.    If  you  attack  them  you  will  make  them  retire  and  send 
them  home ;  by  that  means  you  will  be  always  peaceable  in 


CANAIIA — 1749. 


w 


your  village.  I  will  give  you  all  the  aid  you  should  expect 
from  a  good  father.  If  you  come  to  see  me,  next  spring,  you 
will  have  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  reception  which  I  will 
give  you.  I  will  furnish  you  with  traders  in  abundance,  if  you 
wish  for  them.  I  will  even  place  here  officers,  if  that  will 
please  you,  to  govern  you  and  give  you  the  good  spirit,  so 
that  you  will  only  work  in  good  affairs.  The  English  are 
more  in  the  wrong  in  coming  to  this  land,  as  the  Five  Nations 
have  told  them  to  fly  from  there  to  the  mountains.  Give 
serious  attention,  my  children,  to  the  words  which  I  send  you; 
listen  well,  follow  it,  it  is  the  way  to  see  always  in  your  villages 
a  haven  beautiful  and  serene.  I  expect  from  you  a  reply 
worthy  of  my  true  children.  You  see  the  marks  to  be  re- 
spected which  I  have  attached  along  la  Belle  Riviere,  which 
will  prove  to  the  English  that  this  land  belongs  to  me  and 
that  they  cannot  come  here  without  exposing  themselves  to 
be  chased  away.  I  wish  for  this  time  to  treat  them  with 
kindness  and  warn  them  ;  if  they  are  wise  they  will  profit 
by  my  advice." 

With  two  strings  of  Wampum: 

"  I  am  surprised,  my  children,  to  see  erected  in  your  village 
a  cabin  destined  to  receive  English  traders.  If  you  consider 
yourselves  my  children  you  will  not  continue  this  outrage ; 
further  than  that,  you  will  forbid  it  and  will  never  receive  the 
English." 


Response  of  the  Iroquois  oj  the   Village  of  Ganaottskon  and 
Chinadiagon,  July  3, 1749.    With  tzvo  strings  of  Wampum  : 

"  My  Father,  we  thank  you  for  opening  our  ears  and  our 
eyes  to  hear  your  speech  and  to  see  clearly  that  you  speak  to 
us  like  a  good  father." 


30 


JOURNAL   OF   Cia.EKON. 


1/  > 


With  one  belt : 

"  My  Father,  we  are  very  glad  to  speak  to-day  of  affairs 
with  you.  Do  not  be  surprised  at  our  answers.  We  are  peo- 
ple without  any  knowledge  of  affairs,  but  speak  to  you  from 
the  bottom  of  the  heart. 

"My  Father,  you  are  surprised  that  the  l^nglish  have  come 
to  trade  on  our  land ;  the  elders  have  forbidden  them  the 
entrance ;  it  is  true  you  engaged  us  to  descend  to  Montreal 
next  year  to  speak  of  affairs  with  Onontio,  and  we  acknowl- 
edge these  favors ;  we  assure  you  we  are  going  to  work  for 
that  during  the  winter,  and  that  we  will  go  during  the  spring. 

"My  Father,  you  have  told  us  that  you  perceive  that  the 
English  have  come  to  invade  our  land,  and  that  you  are  going 
to  summon  them  to  retire ;  that  for  this  effect  you  will  barri- 
cade the  road.  We  thank  you  for  your  enterprise,  and  we 
promise  not  to  suffer  them  here.  We  are  not  a  party  capable 
of  deciding  entirely  of  the  general  sentiments  of  the  Five 
Nations  who  inhabit  this  river ;  we  wait  for  the  decision  of 
the  chiefs  of  our  villages,  as  well  as  from  the  villages  lower 
down.  As  for  us,  my  Father,  we  assure  you  we  will  not 
receive  the  English  in  our  villages." 

IFit/i  tivo  strings  of  Wmnpuvi : 
"  My  Father,  you  have  told  us  that  little  birds  have  informed 
you  that  a  house  is  building  here  for  the  English,  and  that  if 
we  allow  it,  soon  they  will  form  an  establishment  considerable 
enough  to  drive  us  away,  because  they  will  make  themselves 
masters  of  our  land.  You  have  asked  us  not  to  continue  this 
work;  this  we  promise,  and  this  house,  which  is  nearly 
finished,  will  only  serve  to  amuse  the  youth.  We  also  promise 
not  to  touch  the  arms  of  the  king  which  you  have  placed  on 
this  river,  which  prove  to  the  English  that  they  have  no  right 
in  this  part  of  the  land." 


,^.s:iv^viKM*taf 


J>  lifiwu.ii^v; 


•♦"^  <^  *  ♦i^  •*.-,»*  .    — 


CANADA — 1749. 


^t 


JVM  txvo  strings  of  IVoinpum  to  the  Savages  of  the 
Detachment: 

"  My  brothers,  we  are  pleased  to  see  you  accompany  your 
F"ather  in  his  route ;  you  have  told  us  that  you  have  no  other 
sentiments  than  those  of  Onontio.  We  invite  you  to  follow 
the  counsels,  which  he  knows  well  how  to  give,  and  we  are 
resolved  to  only  do  his  will.  We  thank  you  for  that  which 
you  have  come  to  tell  us ;  we  will  give  attention  to  it." 

The  Council  ended,  I  made  presents  to  these  savages,  which 
gave  them  great  pleasure,  and  in  acknowledgment  they  assured 
me  anew  that  they  will  never  see  again  the  English  at  their 
homes,  and  that  they  will  descend  next  spring  to  see  their 
Father  Onontio, 

July  31st,  I  sojourned  at  this  village,  having  been  stopped 
by  the  abundance  of  rain,  which  pleased  us  much.  The  water 
rose  three  feet  during  the  night. 

August. — The  first  of  August  I  departed  from  la  Paille 
Coupee.  After  having  marched  nearly  four  leagues,  I  found 
a  village  of  Loups  and  Reynards  (wolves  and  foxes)  of  six 
cabins.  I  disembarked,  and  only  found  one  man,  who  told 
me  that  the  rest  had  taken  flight.  I  told  these  savages  that 
these  people  were  wrong  to  be  afraid,  that  I  had  not  come  to 
injure  them,  but,  furthermore,  I  had  come  to  treat  with  them 
on  good  affairs  and  give  courage  to  the  children  of  the 
governor  who  had  lost  it.  I  added  that  I  did  not  doubt  but 
that  as  soon  as  I  left  they  would  return  home ;  that  I  invited 
them  to  go  to  the  village  lower  down,  which  was  but  four  or 
five  leagues  distant,  and  that  I  would  speak  to  them.  I 
passed  the  same  day  to  a  little  Loup  village  of  six  cabins,  to 
whom  I  told,  as  to  the  others,  to  go  to  the  most  considerable 
village,  where  I  would  speak  to  them  on  the  part  of  their 
Father  Onontio.     They  arrived  there  a  little  while  after  me. 

On  the  second,  I  spoke  to  these  savages  in  the  name  of  the 
General.     Here  are  the  words  and  their  reply : 


28 


JOURNAL   OK   CKr.KKON. 


With  Otic  belt  : 

"My  children,  the  Loups,  the  reason  which  has  determined 
your  Father  Onontio  to  send  me  to  this  part  of  the  hind  has 
been  the  knowledge  that  he  has  had  that  the  I'Inglish  propose 
to  form  here  a  very  considerable  establishment,  to  invade, 
some  day,  these  lands,  and  increase  in  such  a  manner,  if  they 
are  allowed  to  do  so,  that  they  will  make  themselves  masters 
and  you  will  be  victims,  as  you  have  been  in  the  past.  Listen 
with  attention  to  the  words  which  I  bring  you  from  him : 

"  The  experience  which  you  have  had,  my  children,  of  the 
evil  proceedings  of  the  English,  should  be  present  with  you  ; 
remember  that  you  possessed  at  one  time,  at  Philadelphia, 
magnificent  lands  on  which  you  found  an  abundance  with 
which  to  subsist  your  families  ;  they  approached  you  under 
pretext  to  give  you  necessaries,  and,  little  by  little,  without 
you  perceiving  it,  they  have  established  forts  and  then  towns, 
and  when  they  became  powerful  enough  they  drove  you  away, 
and  have  forced  you  to  establish  yourselves  on  these  lands  on 
which  to  subsist  your  women,  and  will  do  to  you  as  they  did 
in  Philadelphia.  They  could  do  it  to-day  on  the  Belle  Riviere 
by  the  establishments  which  they  wish  to  form  there.  It  is 
the  knowledge  which  I  have  obtained  sooner  than  you  which 
has  determined  me  to  send  to  you  Mr.  de  Celeron,  to  make 
you  open  your  eyes  on  the  misfortunes  which  menace  you 
and  make  you  see  that  it  is  onlv  their  own  interest  which 
moves  the  English.  I  will  send  a  summons  for  them  to  retire 
this  time,  not  wishing  them  to  occupy  the  land  which  belongs 
to  me  ;  if  they  have  sense  they  will  not  expose  themselves  to 
being  forced.  The  English  have  less  right  to  come  to  this 
land,  because  the  kings  of  France  and  England  have  agreed 
in  all  the  treaties  of  peace,  and  particularly  in  the  last,  which 
terminated  the  war,  that  the  English  should  never  set  foot  on 
this  land.    You  know,  also,  my  children,  that  the  Five  Na. 


CANADA— 1749- 


n 


tlons  have  absolutely  forbidden  them  not  only  to  make  any 
establishment  on  the  Helle  Rivirre,  but  to  come  here  to  trade; 
that  they  go  to  the  other  side  of  the  mountains,  on  the  lands 
of  yours,  which  they  have  occupied.  I  do  not  oppose  that, 
but  on  mine  I  will  not  allow  them.  As  for  you,  my  children, 
you  will  lose  nothing  there,  besides  that  I  will  give  you  all 
the  aid  which  you  should  expect  from  a  good  father.  Dele- 
gate next  spring  .some  one  of  your  nation,  with  your  uncles, 
to  come  to  see  me,  and  you  will  see  the  reception  which  I 
will  give  you — how  much  I  love  you,  and  that  I  .seek  only  to 
do  you  good  antl  save  you  from  the  yoke  which  the  English 
wish  again  to  impose  on  you,  I  will  give  you  traders,  who 
will  furnish  you  all  necessaries  and  will  put  you  into  a  state 
not  to  regret  those  which  I  send  away  from  my  lands ;  of 
those  which  you  possess  you  will  always  be  masters.  I  will 
even  give  you  officers  to  maintain  you  there  peaceably  and 
tranquilly,  and  let  no  one  inquiet  you,  seeking  like  a  good 
father  whatever  would  be  of  advantage  to  you." 

Jie/i/j'  of  the  Lonps,  the  2d  of  August,  by  one  belt: 

"  My  Father,  we  pray  you  to  have  pity  on  us ;  we  are  young 
men,  who  cannot  reply  as  the  old  men  could  to  what  you  have 
said  to  us.  We  have  opened  our  eyes  and  taken  spirit ;  we 
see  that  you  only  work  with  good  affairs  ;  we  promise  to  have 
no  other  sentiments  than  those  of  our  uncles  of  the  Five 
Nations,  with  whom  you  seem  content. 

"Examine,  my  Father,  the  situation  in  which  we  are.  If 
thou  makest  the  English  retire,  who  give  us  necessaries,  and 
especially  the  smith  who  mends  our  guns  and  our  hatchets, 
we  would  be  without  help  and  exposed  to  die  of  hunger — of 
misery  in  the  Belle  Riviere.  Have  pity  on  us,  my  Father ; 
thou  canst  not  at  present  give  us  our  necessaries  ;  leave  us  at 
least  for  this  winter,  or  at  least  until  we  gd  hunting,  the 


If      ?. 


Lj:;^.'    '"ill"'"  "  I   ll'ir  II  111  IIIMI 


24.  JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 

smith  and  someone  who  can  help  us ;  we  promise  thee  that  in 
spring  the  English  shall  retire." 

I  said,  without  promising  anything,  that  I  would  make  the 
arrangement  which  would  be  for  their  best  interest;  and 
accord  with  the  intentions  of  their  father,  Onontio.  I  confess 
that  this  representation  embarrassed  me  very  much.  I  made 
them  a  little  present  and  engaged  them  to  keep  the  promise 
which  they  had  given  me. 

On  the  third  I  commenced  the  march ;  on  the  road  I  found 
a  village  of  ten  cabins  abandoned,  the  savages,  having  had 
news  of  my  arrival,  had  gained  the  woods.  I  continued  my 
route  to  the  village  of  the  River  aux  Boeufs,*  which  is  only  of 
nine  or  ten  cabins ;  as  soon  as  they  saw  me  they  saluted ;  I 
returned  it  and  disembarked.  I  had  been  told  that  there  was 
in  this  place  a  smith  and  an  English  merchant.  I  wished  to 
speak  to  them,  but  the  E)nglish,  like  the  savages,  had  gained 
the  woods;  there  only  remained  five  or  six  Iroquois,  who 
presented  themselves  with  arms  in  their  hands.  I  scolded 
them  for  the  manner  of  showing  themselves,  and  made  them 
lower  their  arms.  They  made  many  excuses,  and  said  that 
they  had  only  come  with  their  guns  because  they  had  them — 
to  salute  me.  I  spoke  to  them  nearly  as  I  had  spoken  to  the 
Loups  and  re-embarked  immediately.  This  evening  I  buried 
a  lead  plate  and  the  arms  of  the  king  by  a  tree,  and  drew  up 
the  Proces  Verbal  following  : 


Proct^s  Verbal. 

1749.— This  year  I,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the  Order  Royal 
and  Military  of  St.  Louis,  Captain-Commander  of  the  Detach- 
ment sent  by  order  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Galissoniere,  Com- 
mander-General of  Canada,  on  the  Belle  Riviere  (otherwise 


»  Venango.    Origin  of  name,  Zynango  (tobacco). 


CANADA — 1749. 


25 


called  the  Ohio),  accompanied  by  the  principal  officers  of  our 
detachment,  having  buried  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio, 
four  leagues  below  the  River  aux  Boeufs,  opposite  a  bald 
mountain  and  near  a  large  stone,  on  which  are  seen  several 
figures,  rather  roughly  engraved,  a  lead  plate  and  attached  in 
the  same  place  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king.  In  faith  of 
which  we  have  signed  the  present  Proces  Verbal. 

"Made  at  our  Camp,  August  3d,  1749.  All  the  officers 
have  signed."  . 

The  inscription  is  the  same  as  the  preceding  which  I 
have  placed  at  the  entrance  of  la  Belle  Riviere,  On  the 
4th,  in  the  morning,  after  having  conferred  with  the  officers 
and  chief  savages  of  my  detachment,  on  the  precautions 
which  we  should  take  to  reassure  the  nations  of  the  Belle 
Riviere  and  engage  them  not  to  fly  so  that  we  can  speak  to 
them  on  the  part  of  the  General,  it  was  concluded  that 
Mr.  de  Joncaire,  with  the  chiefs,  should  go  to  the  village 
Atticke*  to  announce  my  arrival  and  engage  the  nations  of 
this  place  to  wait  for  me  without  fear ;  for  I  only  come  to 
speak  of  good  things.  As  soon  as  he  had  departed  I  put 
myself  en  route.    We  finished  nearly  fifteen  leagues  this  day. 

On  the  Sth  I  departed  at  an  early  hour.  After  having 
made  from  three  to  four  leagues,  I  found  a  river,  of  which  the 
mouth  is  very  beautiful ;  and  one  league  below  I  found  an- 
other.    They  are  both  south  of  la  Belle  Riviere. 

On  the  heights  there  are  villages  of  Loups  and  Iroquois  of 
the  Five  Nations.  I  encamped  early  to  give  time  to  Mr.  de 
Joncaire  to  arrive  at  the  village  Atticke. 

On  the  6th  I  departed  at  7  o'clock;  after  having  made 
nearly  five  leagues  I  arrived  at  the  village  Atticke,  where  I 
found  Mr,  de  Joncaire  wiui  our  savages ;  those  of  this  place 
had  taken  flight.     This  village  is  of  twenty-two  cabins.     Mr. 


*  Attiqu^,  Kiskeminitas  River. 


26 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


de  Joncaire  told  me  that  a  chief  with  two  young  men,  who 
had  stopped  on  their  discovery,  seeing  few  accompanying 
him,  came  to  him  and  demanded  the  motive  of  his  voyage,  to 
which  he  replied  that  I  had  only  come  to  speak  to  the  natives 
of  la  Belle  Riviere  and  give  spirit  to  the  children  of  the 
Governor  who  lived  there.  He  engaged  this  chief  to  take 
charge  of  some  strings  of  wampum  which  I  had  given  to  him 
to  take  to  the  lower  villages,  and  to  tell  them  to  keep  them- 
selves tranquil  on  their  mats,  that  I  only  came  to  treat  of 
affairs  which  will  be  of  advantage  to  them. 

I  re-embarked  and  I  passed  the  same  day  the  ancient  vil- 
lage of  the  Chaouanous,  which  has  been  abandoned  since  the 
departure  of  Chartier  and  his  band,  who  were  removed  from 
this  place  by  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  Bea  uharnais,  and 
conducted  to  the  river  Vermilion,  in  the  Wabash,  in  1745. 

I  encountered  in  this  place  six  Englishmen,  with  fifty 
horses  and  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  packs  of  peltry,  with 
which  they  were  returning  to  Philadelphia.  I  summoned 
them  by  writing  to  return  to  their  country,  that  the  land 
where  they  had  come  to  trade  belongs  to  my  king  and  not  to 
the  king  of  England,  that  if  they  returned  again  they  would 
be  pillaged,  that  I  would  this  time  treat  them  with  humanity, 
if  they  would  profit  by  the  advice  which  I  gave  them  ;  they 
assured  me,  either  from  fear  or  something  else,  that  they 
would  not  return ;  they  are  convinced  that  they  have  no  right 
to  trade. 

This  I  well  explained  to  them  in  the  summons.  I  wrote  to 
the  government  of  Philadelphia  in  these  terms  : 


"  Sir  ; — Having  been  sent  with  a  detachment  to  this  neigh- 
borhood by  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Gallissonniere, 
Commanding  General  in  New  France,  to  collect  together  some 
savage  nations  who  had  quarreled  on  the  occasion  of  the  war 


CANADA — 1749. 


37 


which  has  just  ended,  I  have  been  much  surprised  to  find 
merchants  of  your  government  in  this  country,  to  which  the 
English  government  never  had  any  pretentions.  I  have 
treated  them  with  all  the  gentleness  possible,  although  I  was 
right  to  regard  them  as  interlopers  and  people  without  hope 
of  future  possession ;  their  enterprises  were  contrary  to  the 
preliminaries  of  peace  which  have  been  signed  for  more  than 
fifteen  months.  I  hope,  sir,  that  you  will  in  the  future  forbid 
this  commerce,  which  is  against  the  treaties,  and  warn  your 
merchants  that  they  will  themselves  risk  a  great  deal  if  they 
return  to  these  countries,  and  that  they  can  only  blame  them- 
selves for  the  misfortunes  which  might  happen  to  them.  I 
know  that  our  Commandant  General  will  be  very  sorry  if  any 
violence  happens,  but  they  have  strict  orders  not  to  allow 
strange  merchants  in  his  government. 

"  I  am,  etc." 

That  executed,  I  re-embarked  and  continued  my  route.  On 
the  7th  I  passed  a  village  of  Loups,  where  there  were  only 
three  men ;  they  had  placed  a  white  flag  on  their  cabins ;  the 
rest  of  their  people  had  gone  to  Chinique,  not  having  dared 
to  remain  at  home.  I  invited  these  three  men  to  come  with 
me  to  Chinique  to  hear  what  I  had  to  say  to  them.  I  re-em- 
barked and  visited  the  village,  which  is  called  the  "Written 
Rock."  The  Iroquois  inhabit  this  place,  and  it  is  an  old 
woman*  of  this  nation  who  governs  it.  She  regards  herself 
as  sovereign  ;  she  is  entirely  devoted  to  the  English. 

All  the  savages  having  retired,  there  only  remained  in  this 
place  six  English  traders,  who  came  before  me  trembling.  I 
disembarked,  and  as  I  wished  to  speak  to  them  I  was  much 
embarrassed,  not  having  an  interpreter  of  their  language  and 
they  pretending  not  to  understand  any  other.     After  awhile 

•  Named  Queen  Alliquippa. 


28 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


!•/     ! 


they  softened,  and  one  of  them  spoke  Chavvenois.*    I  made 
them  the  same  summons  as  to  the  others,  and  I  wrote  to  their 
governor.     They  told  me  they  were  going  to  retire ;  that  they 
knew  well  they  had  no  right  to  trade,  but  not  having  found 
any  obstacle  until  now,  they  had  tried  to  make  a  living,  so 
much  the  more  as  the  savages  had  attracted  them  ;  but  that 
they  would  not  return  again.     This  placet  's  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  that  until  the  present  I  have  seen  on  the  Belle 
Riviere.      I  left  this  camp,  and  slept  nearly  three  leagues 
below.     As  soon  as  I  had  disembarked  our  savages  told  me 
that  on  passing  they  had  seen  writing  on  a  rock.     As  it  was 
late,  I  could  not  send  there  until  the  ne.xt  day.     I  appointed 
R.  T.  Bonnecamp  and  Mr.  de  Joncaire  to  go  there,  with  the 
idea  that  these  writings  could  give  me  some  light.     They 
were  there  early  in  the  morning  and  reported  that  it  was 
only  some  names   written   with   charcoal.     As   I   was  only 
two  leagues  from  Chinique  I  dispersed  as  much  as  possible 
the  men  of  my  detachment  to  give  them  a  greater  appear- 
ance, and  arranged  everything  so  as  to  arrive  in  good  order 
at  this  village,  which  I  knew  to  be  one  of  the  most  consider- 
able on  the  Belle  Riviere. 

On  the  8th,  as  I  prepared  to  raise  my  camp,  I  saw  ap- 
proaching a  canoe  with  two  men  ;  I  judged  they  were  envoys 
from  the  village ;  I  waited  for  them.  They  were  some  who 
came  expressly  to  find  out  by  my  countenance  what  were 
my  designs.  I  received  them  with  kindness,  and  made 
them  drink  a  cup  of  milk  to  their  father  Onontio.  This  is 
always,  among  savage  nations,  the  greatest  mark  of  friend- 
ship which  one  can  show.  After  talking  some  time,  they 
asked  me  to  return  to  their  village  and  to  give  them  some 
hours  to  prepare  to  receive  me.     Soon  after  their  departure 


*  Shawnese. 

t  Site  of  Pittsburgh. 


CANADA — 1749. 


29 


I  embarked,  after  having  viewed  the  arms  of  the  men  and  dis- 
tributed ammunition  in  case  of  need,  and  ordered  that  from 
the  boat  there  should  be  but  four  guns  charged  with  powder 
to  respond  to  the  salute,  and  eight  with  balls,  having  to  take 
good  precautions  with  nations  frightened  and  riotous.  As 
soon  as  I  was  in  sight  of  the  village  I  observed  three  French 
flags  and  one  English.  As  soon  as  I  was  observed,  salutes 
of  musketry  were  sent  from  the  village,  and  as  the  current  is 
extremely  strong  at  this  place,  and  the  river  low,  there  came 
an  Iroquois  to  me  to  indicate  the  passage.  I  was  stopped 
instantly  by  the  rapidity  of  the  current.  When  disembark- 
ing they  drew  on  us  a  discharge  of  balls.  This  salute  is  made 
by  all  the  nations  of  the  South  ;  often  accidents  happen  from 
it.  This  fashion  did  not  surprise  me  or  the  officers  of  the  de- 
tachment, however,  as  I  was  suspicious  and  did  not  believe 
their  intentions  good.  I  told  them,  by  Mr.  de  Joncaire,  to 
cease  firing  in  that  manner  or  I  should  fire  on  them.  I  told 
them  at  the  same  time  to  lower  the  English  flag  or  I  should 
pull  it  down  myself.  This  was  done  instantly ;  a  woman  '^nt 
the  staff,  and  the  flag  has  not  since  appeared.  I  disembarked, 
and  as  the  shore  is  extremely  narrow  and  very  disadvanta- 
geous in  case  the  savages  had  evil  designs,  being  at  the  base 
of  a  cliff  which  was  more  than  thirty  feet  high,  I  immediately 
lifted  my  canoes  and  the  baggage  on  the  bank  so  as  to  place 
myself  advantageously.  I  established  my  camp  near  the 
village,  which  I  made  to  appear  as  extensive  as  possible, 
placed  a  corps  de  garde  to  the  right  and  to  the  left,  ordered 
the  sentries  at  short  distances  the  one  from  the  other,  and 
all  were  on  the  watch  all  night.  The  officers  who  were  not 
on  guard  had  orders  to  make  the  rounds  all  night.  These 
precautions  prevented  the  savages  from  doing  what  they  had 
projected.  This  Mr.  de  Joncaire  discovered  a  short  time 
afterward  by  means  of  some  women  of  his  acquaintance. 


w 


30 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


This  village  is  of  fifty  cabins,  composed  of  Iroquois,  Shaw- 
nees  and  of  Loups,  and  of  a  party  of  men  of  the  villages 
which  I  had  passed,  having  come  here  for  refuge  to  render  it 
stronger.  At  5  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  chief.s,  accom- 
panied by  thirty  or  forty  warriors,  came  to  salute  me — a  com- 
pliment on  my  arrival  at  their  home. 

Here  is  their  first  speech,  August  8,  1749  : 

JIWi  tivo  stnngs  of  Wampum : 
"My  Father,  with  these  two  strings  of  wampum  we  come  to 
testify  the  joy  which  we  feel,  to  see  you  arrive  in  our  village 
in  good  health  ;  we  thank  the  Master  of  Life  for  having  pre- 
served thee  on  a  journey  so  long  and  so  toilsome  as  that  which 
thou  hast  performed.  It  is  a  long  time  since  we  had  the  sat- 
isfaction to  see  some  French  persons  in  our  village.  We  see 
thee  here  with  pleasure,  my  Father.  Thou  must  have  re- 
marked, by  the  flags  that  thou  hast  seen  in  our  village,  that 
our  heart  is  entirely  French.  The  young  men,  without 
knowing  the  consequence,  placed  some  which  have  displeased. 
As  soon  as  we  saw  them,  thou  hast  seen  them  fall.  They 
were  only  placed  for  show,  and  to  divert  the  young  men, 
without  fear  that  the  thing  could  displease  thee.  We  invite 
thee  also,  my  Father,  by  these  strings  of  wampum,  to  open 
thy  heart  to  us,  and  make  known  to  us  whatever  can  make 
thee  angry.  We  will  do  what  thou  comest  to  speak  of,  on  the 
part  of  our  Father  Onontio  ;  we  are  ready  to  hear  his  words, 
and  we  pray  thee  to  wait  until  the  chiefs  of  the  village,  whom 
we  expect,  shall  arrive." 

Response  of  Mr.  de  Celeron,  with  two  strings  of  Wampum : 
"  I  am  obliged  to  you,  my  children,  for  the  pleasure  you  ap- 
pear to  have  at  seeing  me  in  your  village.     I  have  only  come, 
as  you  think,  to  speak  to  you,  on  the  part  of  your  Father 


CANADA — 1749. 


31 


Onontio,  of  good  things.   This  is  what  I  will  explain  to  you  to- 
morrow, when  you  are  all  together. 

"You  are  right  in  saying  that  the  English  flag,  which  I  saw 
on  your  village,  displeased  me.  This  mixture  of  French  and 
English  flags  is  not  seemly  for  the  children  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  seems  to  show  that  their  heart  is  divided.  Let 
them  be  lowered  in  such  a  way  that  they  cannot  again 
be  raised.  The  young  men  placed  them  without  judg- 
ment. The  old  men  have  taken  them  away  on  reflection ; 
they  have  done  well.  By  these  two  strings  of  wampum,  I 
open,  in  my  turn,  your  eyes,  and  your  ears  to  hear  well  that 
which  I  have  to  say  to  you  to-morrow,  on  the  part  of  your 
Father  Onontio." . 

They  retired  to  their  homes  ;  and,  in  order  to  hold  them- 
selves ready  for  all  events,  they  passed  the  night  dancing, 
always  having  some  of  their  people  for  watchmen. 

On  the  9th,  before  day,  Mr.  de  Joncaire — whom  I  had  ad- 
vised, as  also  his  brother,  to  examine  during  the  night  the 
manoeuvres  of  these  savages— came  to  tell  me  that  he  had 
news  that  eighty  warriors  were  about  to  arrive,  and  that  the 
resolution  was  taken  in  the  village  to  attack  us.  On  this 
news,  which  1  communicated  to  the  officers,  I  again  gave  or- 
ders that  all  should  be  ready,  in  case  they  should  come,  to 
fight.  I  held  all  my  men  in  good  order.  I  placed  the  officers 
in  such  a  manner  that  they  would  encourage  them  to  do  their 
duty,  and  waited  nearly  two  hours  for  what  their  resolution 
would  determine.  Seeing  that  no  one  advanced,  I  sent  to 
them  Mr.  de  Joncaire,  to  tell  them  that  I  knew  the  side  which 
they  had  taken  ;  that  I  waited  for  them  with  impatience,  and, 
if  they  did  not  hasten  to  put  into  execution  that  which  they 
had  projected,  I  would  go  to  attack  them.  A  little  while  after 
Mr.  de  Joncaire's  return,  the  savages  defiled  before  my  camp, 


»  tm  wiiiWium  t^m  ■»*   ii  I  mWiiMWi* 


L 


32 


JOURNAL   OF   CELEKOX. 


and  made  the  ordinary  salute.     There  may  have  been  fifty 

men,  according  to  what  several  officers  told   me  they  had 

counted  while  defiling,  many  warriors  of  the  village  having 

been  there  before  those  who  arrived  in  the  night.     All  these 

manoeuvres  convinced  me  of  the  evil    intentions  of   these 

nations;  but  as  I  knew  that  the  intention  of  Mr,  de  la  Gallis- 

sonniere  was  to  collect  these  savages  by  gentleness,  and  that, 

furthermore,  I  was  engaged  in  a  country  where  it  would  be 

very  difficult  for  me  to  retreat — it  being  impossible  to  ascend 

the  Belle  Riviere  (Ohio),  owing  as  much  to  its  swift  current 

as  to  the  want  of  provision  and  the  bad  state  of  my  canoes — 

and,  furthermore,  if  an  action  should  take  place,  all  the  nations 

would  be  interested  in  it — I  took  the  side  of  dissimulation,  and 

determined  to  speak  firmly  to  these  savages  and  impose  on 

them  by  the  good  appearance  which  I  made  for  nearly  two 

hours  after  the  arrival  of  these  warriors.     The  men  of  note, 

with  those  of  the  village,  came  to  my  tent  with  calumets  of 

peace,  made  me  their  compliments,  and  presented  them  to  me 

to  smoke.     Before  accepting,  I    reproached  them  for  their 

manner  of  acting,  in  terms  which  were  perfectly  explained  to 

them  by  Mr.  de  Joncaire.  Here  is  the  discourse  which  I  made 

to  them : 


I 


i  if  ■•        I 


Speech  of  Mr.  de  Celeron  to  the  Savages  of  Chenengiie,  with 
four  strings  of  Wavipnm,  August  9,  1749  : 
"  I  am  surprised,  my  children,  that  after  having  taken  the 
trouble  to  send  to  you  Mr.  de  Joncaire  to  the  Paille  Coupee 
and  Attique  to  announce  to  you  my  arrival  in  this  country, 
and  inform  you  that  I  carry  to  you  the  words  of  your  Father 
Onontio,  to  see  you  frightened,  amazed  and  making  manoeu- 
vres which  are  never  known  to  the  children  of  the  Governor. 
I  wish  to  say,  by  these  strings  of  wampum,  that  I  have  only 
come  to  work  at  pleasant  affairs ;  this  has  been  delayed.   You 


CANADA — 1749. 


33 


should  have  believed  me,  and  you  know  enough  of  the  French 
to  know  that  they  are  true  and  that  they  never  speak  only 
from  the  lips.  If  I  had  had  the  designs  which  you  have 
fancied,  and  which  evil  spirits  have  told  you,  I  would  have 
hidden  from  you — that  was  easy  for  me.  I  need  not  have 
arrived  so  quietly  as  I  did  at  your  village.  I  know  how  to 
make  war,  and  those  which  we  have  with  us  should  know ; 
but  I  do  not  know  how  to  be  treacherous.  By  these  four 
strings  of  wampum,  I  reopen  your  ears,  I  enlighten  your 
minds,  and  I  remove  the  bandage,  which  you  have  over  your 
eyes,  so  that  you  can  hear  the  words  of  your  Father  Onontio, 
who  is  full  of  kindness  for  you,  although  he  has  had  reason 
for  discontent  with  some  among  you.  I  wish  much,  pres- 
ently, to  smoke  your  calumets,  to  prove  to  you  that  I  forget 
what  you  have  done.  I  will  speak  to  you  to-morrow  on  the 
part  of  your  Father  Onontio.  I  ask  you  to  drive  away  the 
evil  spirit  which  seduced  you  and  which  will  destroy  you, 
without  remedy,  if  you  do  not  take  care." 


I  smoked  the  calumets,  they  retired  well  satisfied,  and  all 
was  c(uiet  for  the  rest  of  the  day  and  following  night. 

August  loth. — At  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  I  assembled 
all  the  chiefs  and  a  part  of  the  warriors  at  my  camp.  I  had 
prepared  a  place  for  the  Council.  I  repeated  to  them  the 
words  of  the  general,  to  which  they  listened  with  much  at- 
tention. 

Speech  of  the  Marquis  dc  la  Gallissonnihr  xvith  the  Nations 
of  Chcncngu6,  brought  by  Mr.  de  Celeron,  August  10,  1749. 
With  one  belt : 

"  The  friendship  which  I  have  for  you,  my  children,  not- 
withstanding your  distance  from  me,  induced  me  to  send  to 
you  Mr.  de  Celeron,  to  carry  to  you  my  words  and  open  for  you 


m  A.  ztZriiC^i-d.}ar*-  H^jv 


tiv-^f^-T:  »/»-^"" 


.^2i.„ 


..•^.-.-v. 


■i!  A:.! 


Ifi 


i  t 


34 


JOURNAL   OK   CKI.KKON. 


your  eyes  to  the  projects  which  the  English  make  on  your 
land.     You  are  ignorant,  without  doubt,  of  the  establishment 
which  they  propose  to  make,  which  will  accomplish  nothing 
less  than  your  entire  ruin.    They  hide  from  you  their  inten- 
tions, which  are  to  establish  themselves  in  such  a  manner 
that  they  will  make  themselves  masters  of  this  whole  country 
and  drive  you  away  if  I  would  let  them  do  so.     I  shall,  like  a 
good  father  who  loves  his  children  tenderly,  who  though  at  a 
distance  from  them  carries  them  all  in  his  heart,  avert  the 
peril  which  menaces  them,  which  is  the  design  which  the 
English  have  formed  to  seize  your  land ;  and  to  accomplish 
this  they  have  commenced  to  spoil  your  minds.     You  know, 
my  children,  that  they  forgot  nothing  in  this  last  war  to  put 
you  at  war  with  me.    The  greater  part  of  your  nation  has 
sense  enough  not  to  listen  to  them.     I  know  their  good-will, 
and  pardon,  like  a  good  father,  the  past,  persuaded  that  in  the 
future  you  will  live  quietly  on  your  mats.      Whatever  war  I 
have  with  the  English  it  is  for  your  advantage  to  guard  the 
neutrality  which  you  yourselves  demanded  of  me  when  you 
visited  Montreal,  to  which  I  willingly  consented.     By  this 
means  you  will  preserve  that  peace  which  makes  the  happiness 
of  these  nations.     As  I  know  that  the  English  only  inspire 
you  with  evil  sentiments,  and  that  they  design,  by  their  estab- 
lishments on  the  Belle  Riviere,  which  belongs  to  me,  to  seize 
on  it,  I  send  to  them  a  summons  to  retire ;  and  I  am  so  much 
the  more  right  in  doing  so,  as  the  kings  of  France  and  Eng- 
land have  agreed  that  the  English  should  never  come  here, 
either  for  trade  or  otherwise.     This  is  even  one  of  the  con- 
ditions of  peace  which  we  have  made  together.     Moreover, 
the  chiefs  of  the  Five  Nations  have  told  them  not  to  pass  the 
mountains — which  are  their  boundary.    I  do  not  wish,  at  this 
time,  to  use  violence  with  the  English.     I  tell  them  gently 
my  opinions— may  they  pay  attention  to  them.     If,  in  the 


...  -«.,_,*, 


••-•*-\--^-  'i 


CANADA— 1749- 


35 


future,  misfortune  happens  to  them,  they  can  only  blame  them- 
selves. As  for  you,  my  children,  live  quietly  on  your  mats 
and  do  not  enter  into  the  discussions  which  I  may  have  with 
the  English.  I  will  pay  attention  to  all  which  can  be  of  ad- 
vantage to  you.  I  invite  you  to  come  to  see  me  next  year. 
I  will  give  you  marks  of  my  friendship,  and  will  put  you  in 
such  a  condition  that  you  will  not  regret  those  whom  I  exhort 
you  not  to  permit  in  your  homes. 

"  I  will  give  you  all  the  aid  of  a  good  father  who  loves  you 
and  who  will  not  let  you  want  for  anything ;  those  who  will 
bring  it  to  you  do  not  covet  your  land,  either  by  purchase 
or  usurpation  ;  further  than  that  I  will  order  them  to  maintain 
you  there  against  all,  and  your  interests  will  always  be  mine, 
if  you  behave  well.  By  this  means  you  will  always  be 
tranquil,  and  peace  will  be  in  your  villages.  I  have  wished* 
my  children,  to  tell  you  the  .sentiments  of  your  Father  before 
speaking  to  the  English,  whom  I  will  seek,  to  tell  them  to 
retire." 

The  Council  ended,  they  seemed  well  satisfied  with  what  I 
had  told  them,  and  went  to  their  villages  to  consult  together 
on  the  replies,  which  I  told  them  to  make  the  next  day, 
having  a  long  road  to  travel  and  the  season  being  far  advanced. 
This  village  is  composed  of  Iroquois,  of  Chawneese,  and  of 
Loups,  which  caused  the  Council  to  last  more  than  four  hours. 
Besides  these  three  nations  there  are  in  the  village  some 
Iroquois,  from  Sault  St.  Louis,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Two 
Mountains;  some  Nepessingues,  Abenakes,  Ottawas  and 
other  nations.  This  assemblage  forms  a  very  bad  village, 
which,  tempted  by  the  cheap  market  which  the  English  offered, 
were  drawn  into  a  very  bad  disposition  for  us. 

I  had  called  before  me  the  most  important  of  the  English 
traders,  to  whom  I  gave  a  summons  to  retire  to  their  country 
with  all  their  employees,  as  I  had  done  to  those  whom  I  had 


ii 


»  «..*».  »«!v>rH- ■•**.• 


I'lA-^- 


36 


JOLKNAI,   Ol-   Li;i.EK(JN. 


\   '\ 


formerly  met.  They  replied,  like  the  others,  that  they  would 
do  so;  that  they  knew  well  they  had  no  right  of  trade  on  the 
Belle  Rivi6re. 

I  added  that  their  government  was  bounded  by  the  moun- 
tains, and  that  they  should  not  pass  beyond  them.  They 
airreed  to  that.  I  wrote  to  the  (lovernor  of  Carolina,  as  I  had 
done  to  the  one  at  Philadelphia. 

August  nth.  The  savages  came  to  give  me  their  response. 
If  they  are  sincere  I  think  the  deneral  will  be  s.itisfied  ;  but 
there  is  little  dependence  to  be  placed  on  the  promises  of  such 
people;  so  much  the  more  as  I  have  just  said  that  their  in- 
terest  engages  them  to  look  with  favor  on  the  ICnglish,  who 
give  them  merchandise  at  so  low  a  price  that  we  have  reason 
to  believe  that  the  king  of  England,  or  the  country,  bears  the 
loss  which  the  traders  make  in  the  sale  of  their  merchandise 
to  attract  the  nations.  It  is  true  that  the  expenses  of  the 
English  are  not  nearly  .so  great  as  those  which  our  traders  will 
be  obliged  to  make,  on  account  of  the  difficulties  of  the  route. 
It  is  certain  that  we  will  never  be  able  to  reclaim  the  nations 
except  by  giving  them  nierchandi.se  at  the  same  price  as  the 
Knglish.    The  difficulty  is  to  find  the  means. 

Here  is  the  Response  whieh  the  Savages  of  C/ieitengiii'  made  to 
the  Speech  of  the  General,  August,  1749: 
"  My  Father,  we  are  very  glad  to  see  you  to-day  and  in  the 
manner  with  which  you  regard  us.  The  Commander  of 
Detroit  and  of  Niagara  told  us  to  go  to  see  Onontio  ;  to-day 
you  come  yourself,  you  write  us  to  descend.  We  must  have 
lost  our  mind  if  we  did  not  pay  attention  to  your  words.  By 
this  belt  we  assure  you  that  all  the  nation  which  inhabits  this 
river  will  descend  next  spring,  in  order  to  hear  the  speech 
of  our  Father  Onontio.  Nothing  will  be  able  to  change 
the  mind  in  which  we  are,  even  if  there  remained  but  one 


>.<;%. 


CANADA — 1749. 


37 


person  only,  he  would  liavc  the  pleasure  of  seeinj;  our 
Father.  The  shoes  which  wt  .mke  for  walkinj^  on  ice  will 
not  be  fit  to  take  us  to  Montreal  ;  we  pray  you  to  provide  for 
us  some  that  we  will  find  at  Niagara  as  we  pass  there.  My 
Father,  have  pity  on  us;  we  have  no  more  ancient  chiefs,  they 
are  only  young  men  who  speak  to  you.  I'arilon  tne  faults 
which  we  make,  for  you,  who  are  wi.sdom  itself,  make  some. 
You  come  to  drive  the  luiglish  from  this  continent ;  to  this 
we  consent  willingly,  but  you  should  also  bring  with  you 
traders  to  furnish  us  with  necessaries.  If  you  have  pity  for 
us,  leave  us  the  English,  so  that  they  can  give  us  the  help 
which  will  be  necessary  to  us  until  spring.  You  i'.ee  the 
unhappy  .state  in  which  we  will  be  if  you  have  not  this  kind- 
ness for  us  ;  do  not  be  surprised  not  to  see  the  replies  to  your 
belts.  Those  whom  you  see  here  are  only  young  men  who 
guard  the  cabins  until  our  chiefs  and  warriors  return.  We  will 
inform  them  of  your  intentions  and  of  the  sentiments  of  our 
Father  Onontio,  and  that  we  may  be  tranquil.  We  pray 
you  to  leave  with  us  one  of  our  children,  Joncaire,  to  lead  us 
to  our  Father  and  work  conjointly  at  good  affairs." 

Reply  of  Mr.  dc  Celeron  to  the  demand  of  the  Savages  that  they 
may  have  one  of  the  Messrs.  Joneairc : 
"My  children,  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  dispose  of  the 
ofificers  which  your  Father  has  confided  to  me.  When  you 
descend  you  can  ask  him  for  one  of  the  Messrs.  de  Joncaire, 
and  I  am  persuaded  that  he  will  not  refuse  you." 


Continuation  of  the  Speech  of  the  Savages  : 

"  We  thank  you  for  the  hope  that  you  give  us  that  our 

Father  will  give  us  one  of  our  children  ;  we  assure  you  again 

that  we  will  do  without  reserve  all  that  you  have  demanded 

of  us.     We  would  be  charmed  to  see  you  for  a  longer  time, 


^ 


¥ 


i'i^ 


Jg  JOURNAL   OK   CELE.'.V. 

and  we  thank  our  brothers  who  are  with  you  for  the  advice 
they  have  given  us,  and  we  will  give  attention  to  it." 

So  soon  as  the  Council  finished  I  had  the  presents  brought 
which  I  had  intended  for  them  and  which  were  very  consid- 
erable ;  they  were  flattered  by  them.  I  encouraged  them  anew 
to  keep  their  promises,  and  above  all  to  come  to  see  the 
General  next  year,  assuring  them  that  they  would  have 
reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  reception  of  their  Father 
Onontio. 

My  business  being  finished,  I  had  my  canoes  placed  in  the 
water  and  embarked  to  continue  my  route.  Nearly  four 
leagues  below  there  is  a  river  from  the  south,  on  which  there 
are  several  villages ;  I  did  not  disembark,  having  spoken  to 
them  at  Chenengue. 

1 2th,  I  embarked  at  6  o'clock  in  the  morning,  after  having 
made  four  or  five  leagues.  I  encountered  two  canoes,  loaded 
with  packs  and  guided  by  four  Englishmen.  I  disembarked 
to  speak  to  them ;  all  that  I  could  learn  from  them  was  that 
they  had  come  from  St.  Yotoc,*  from  whence  they  had 
departed  twenty-five  days  since.  I  had  no  English  interpre- 
ters, and  they  could  not  speak  Iroquois  ;  this  was  the  only 
language  for  which  I  had  an  interpreter.  I  re-embarked  and 
marched  until  3  o'clock,  and  having  much  sickness,  I  sent 
my  savages  to  hunt,  in  the  hope  that  this  beautiful  river — 
which  had  been  described  to  the  Governor  as  being  abundant 
in  game — would  furnish  me  some  to  refresh  my  men,  who  can- 
not live  longer  only  on  mush.  But  I  was  mistaken,  my 
savages  having  only  killed  a  buck,  which  is  a  feeble  resource 
to  comfort  people  hungry  and  sick. 

13th,  I  departed  early  in  the  morning  and  I  encountered 
several  pirogues,  conducted  by  Iroquois,  who  were  hunting 
on  the  rivers  which  intersect  the  land.    At  noon  I  sealed  and 


*  Scioto. 


CANADA — 1749. 


39 


interred  a  plate  of  lead  at  the  entrance  of  the  river,  and 
attached  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king,  and  drew  up  the  fol- 
lowing Pro  ces  Verbal : 


Procis  Verbal  of  the  Position  of  a  Plate  of  Lead  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  River  Kanawha  : 

"Year  1749,  I,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the  Order  Royal  and 
Military  of  St.  Louis,  Captain  Commanding  the  Detachment 
sent  by  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Gallissonniere,  Com- 
mandant General  in  Canada,  in  the  Belle  Riviere,  accompanied 
by  the  principal  officers  of  our  detachment,  have  interred  at 
the  foot  of  a  large  cone,*  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  and  on 
the  south  bank  of  the  Kenawah,  which  discharges  itself  to  the 
east  of  the  river  Ohio,  a  plate  of  lead,  and  attached  in  the 
same  place  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king.  In  faith  of  which 
we  have  drawn  up  and  signed  with  the  officers  the  jiresent 
Proces  Verbal,  at  our  Camp,  August  13th,  1749." 

The  14th  of  August,  I  departed  at  7  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, not  being  able  to  leave  sooner  on  account  of  the  dark- 
ness. I  passed  two  rivers,  of  which  the  entrances  are  very 
beautiful.  The  hunting  has  been  pretty  abundant  to-day  in 
bucks.  The  isth,  I  continued  my  route  and  placed  a  lead 
plate  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Yenanguekouan  and  drew 
up  the  following  Proces  Verbal : 


a 


Proces  Verbal  of  the  Position  of  a  Fourth  Lead  Plate,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  River  Yenanguekouan,  August  15,  1749  : 
On  the  15th  of  August,  1749,  I,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the 
Royal  and  Military  Order  of  St.  Louis,  Captain  Commanding 
the  Detachment  sent  by  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Gal- 
lissoniere.  Commanding  General  of  Canada,  on  the  Belle 
Riviere,  otherwise  called  the  Ohio  River,  accompanied  by  the 

*  Cone  pine. 


"^^^IJpWB?? 


•■  iRt 


nr 


! 


■ 

■     J 


40 


JOURNAL   OF   CFXERON. 


principal  officers  of  our  detachment,  have  interred,  at  the  foot 
of  a  maple,  which  forms  a  tripod  with  a  red  oak  and  a  cone 
pine,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Yenanguekouan,  on  the  west 
shore  of  this  river,  a  plate  of  lead,  and  in  the  same  place 
attached  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king.  In  faith  of  which  we 
have  drawn  up  the  present  Proces  Verbal  with  the  officers,  at 
our  camp,  August  iSth,  1749. 

On  the  i6th,  I  could  not  depart  until  9  o'clock,  having 
slept  in  the  woods.     I  made  nearly  twelve  leagues. 

On  the  17th,  I  embarked  at  7  o'clock;  in  the  course  of 
the  journey  I  passed  two  beautiful  rivers,  which  descended, 
one  from  the  north,  the  other  from  the  south  of  the  Belle 
Riviere.  I  do  not  know  their  names.  I  disembarked  early 
to  hunt,  being  altogether  reduced  to  a  diet  of  bread. 

The  1 8th,  I  departed  at  an  early  hour.  I  camped  at  noon, 
the  rain  preventing  us  continuing  our  route.  I  have  this  day 
placed  a  lead  plate  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Chiniondaista 
and  attached  the  arms  of  the  king  to  a  tree.  This  river  carries 
canoes  for  forty  leagues  without  encountering  rapids,  and  has 
its  source  near  Carolina.  The  English  of  this  government 
come  by  treaty  to  the  Belle  Riviere. 

Proems  Verbal  of  the  Fifth  Plate  of  Lead,  placed  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  River  Chiniondaista,^^  the  i8th  of  Ani^ntst, 
1749- 

The  year  1749,  I,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the  Royal  and 
Military  Order  of  St.  Louis,  Captain  Commanding  the  Detach- 
ment sent  by  the  order  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Gallissonniere, 
Commandant  General  of  Canada,  on  the  Belle  Riviere,  other- 
wise called  the  Ohio  River,  accompanied  by  the  principal 
officers  of  our  detachment,  have  buried,  at  the  foot  of  a  tree, 
on  the  southern  shore  of  the  Ohio  and  the  eastern  shore  of 

*  Kanawha. 


CANADA— 1749- 


41 


Chiniondaista,  a  plats  of  lead,  and  have  in  the  sanie  place 
attached  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king.  In  faith  of  which  we 
have  drawn  up  the  present  Proces  Verbal,  which  we  have 
signed  with  the  officers  at  our  camp,  August  18th,  1749. 

19th,  The  rain  having  continued  with  so  much  violence 
that  I  was  forced  to  raise  my  camp  to  ascend  the  bank,  the 
shore  being  inundated. 

The  20th,  I  re-embarked.  After  having  gone  some  leagues, 
I  saw  a  man  on  the  shore.  I  went  to  him,  he  was  a  sav- 
age Loup,  who  was  returning  from  war  on  the  nation  du 
Chien,  It  was  sixteen  days  since  he  departed  alone,  without 
food  or  ammunition.  I  gave  him  some  to  take  him  to  Chin- 
ingue,  from  which  he  was  distant.  I  questioned  him  on  the 
number  of  people  which  there  were  at  St.  Yotoc.  He  replied 
that  there  might  be  eighty  cabins,  and  perhaps  one  hundred. 
I  continued  my  route  until  3  o'clock  and  hunted. 

On  the  2 1  St,  The  savages  of  my  detachment  came  to  tell 
me  that  they  feared  to  arrive  at  St.  Yotoc,  without  having 
given  notice  to  the  nations  of  that  place,  of  my  intentions  ; 
that  this  village  was  considerable,  and  that  it  might  be  be- 
lieved that  these  savages  having  news  of  my  march,  and  not 
being  without  apprehension  that  those  who  had  carried  the 
news  to  them  of  my  arrival  had  told  them,  as  in  the  villages 
which  I  have  passed,  many  stories  which  induced  them  to 
make  ambushes  at  the  approach  of  the  village,  I  assembled 
the  officers  to  consult  together  on  the  part  we  should  take. 
It  was  determined  to  send  a  canoe  to  St.  Yotoc  to  tranquillize 
the  nations  and  restore  their  spirits,  in  case  any  carrier  of 
news  had  troubled  them.  It  was  Mr.  de  Joncaire,  that  I 
chose  to  go  there  with  Teganakassin  and  Lactarquerate,  both 
chiefs  of  the  Sault  de  St.  Louis  and  faithful  servants  of  the 
king,  and  three  Abenakis  chiefs.     Mr.  de  Niverville  asked  to 


go  ;  I  permitted  him. 
4 


I  <rave  some  hours  for  the  advance  of 


42 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


m 


W 


if   • 


ii      < 


my  envoys,  then  I  re-embarked   and  landed  as  usual  for  the 
hunt. 

22d,  I  embarked  at  7  o'clock  in  the  morning,  after  having 
delivered  the  munitions  of  war  to  all  my  people,  and  encour- 
aged them  to  do  their  duty  if  the  savages  should  wish  to 
undertake  anything  against  us.    After  having  made  about  four 
leagues,  I  saw  a  canoe,  which  appeared  to  me  to  be  manned 
with  seven  or  eight  men,  and  had  a  white  flag ;  as  soon  as 
they  saw  me  they  landed.     I  went  to  them ;  it  was  Mr.  de 
Joncaire  with  seven  savages,  an  equal  number  of  Shawnees* 
and  Iroquois.     As  soon  as  I  had  disembarked  the  chiefs  came 
and  gave  me  their  hands,  the  others  did  the  same,  then  sat 
down  and  remained  silent  for  some  time.     Their  eyes  appeared 
to  me  excited.     I  commenced  the  subject  to  Mr.  de  Joncaire, 
who  told  me  that  the  nations  of  St.  Yotoc  were  very  much 
troubled,  and  that  as  soon  as  they  had  arrived  they  had  fired 
on  them  with  balls  and  even  pierced  the  flag  with  three  balls  ; 
that  when  they  disembarked  they  were  conducted  into  the 
cabin  of  the  council,  and  when  they  would  have  told  them 
the  subject  of  their  commission,  a  savage  had  stood  up  and 
interrupted  him  saying  that  the  French  deceived  them  and 
that  they  only  came  among  them  to  ruin  them  and  their  fam- 
ilies ;  then  at  that  instant  the  youth  had  run  for  arms  saying 
they  must  commence  by  killing  these  Frenchmen,  send  our 
families  into  the  woods  and  then  go  and  form  ambuscades  for 
the  canoes.    According  to  what  Mr.  de  Joncaire  and  the  sav- 
ages which  accompanied  him  told  me,  this  would  have  been 
done  to  them  had  not  an  Iroquois  chief  turned  aside  the  storm 
and  quieted  them  and  engaged  himself  to  come  before  me 
with  those  who  would  follow  him ;  and  for  surety  they  were 
guarding  Mr.  de  Niverville  and  the  savages.     At  last,  after  a 
half  hour  of  silence,  the  Iroquois  chief  arose  and  said  to  me  : 


*  Chaouonon.s. 


I! 


4    Mi 


CANADA — 1749. 


43 


"  My  Father,  thou  seest  before  thy  eyes  people  without 
sense,  and  who  have  been  on  the  point  of  embroiling  the  land 
forever.  Regard  us  with  pity  and  have  no  resentment  for 
that  which  we  have  done.  Our  old  men,  now  that  thou  hast 
arrived  at  our  village,  will  show  their  repentance  of  the  fault 
which  they  have  committed.  For  two  months  we  have  been 
like  drunken  men,  on  account  of  the  bad  news  which  were 
brought  to  us  from  the  village  which  you  passed." 

I  replied  to  him  : 

"  I  do  not  know  what  you  mean  to  tell  me ;  when  I  go  to 
St.  Yotoc  I  will  find  out,  and  I  will  see  what  I  shall  do.  You 
came  to  me  of  your  own  accord.  Thou  wouldst  have  done 
wisely  to  bring  back  the  savages  who  were  with  Mr.  de  Jon- 
caire.  .Shortly  return  to  thy  village ;  I  will  go  there  soon. 
Thou  must  advise  thy  youth  not  to  salute  in  their  manner,  it 
will  be  dangerous  for  them." 

I  gave  a  cup  to  drink,  to  those  who  were  with  him,  and 
sent  them  away,  because  Mr.  de  Joncaire  said  to  me :  "  I 
know  well  that  these  savages  have  evil  intentions  and  are 
much  frightened  ;  within  twice  twenty-four  hours  they  have 
made  a  fort  of  stones,  well  doubled  and  fit  to  defend  them." 
That  made  me  reflect  seriously.  I  knew  the  weakness  of 
my  detachment ;  two-thirds  were  of  young  men  who  have  never 
made  a  sortie,  and  who  at  the  aspect  of  ten  savages  attacking 
me  would  have  taken  flight.  I  had  not  been  the  master  to 
choose  others,  and  whatever  recommendation  had  been  made 
to  Mr.  de  la  Gallissonniere,  on  leaving  Quebec,  to  give  us  cho- 
sen men,  was  not  paid  attention  to.  There  was  no  other  way 
to  take  than  of  continuing  my  route — wanting  provisions,  my 
canoes  unserviceable,  no  more  gum  or  bark,  I  re-embarked, 
ready  for  all  events  ;  I  had  good  officers  and  nearly  fifty  men 
on  whom  I  could  depend.  At  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  the 
village  I  was  discovered ;  at  once  the  salutes  commenced  and 


44 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


the  savages  fired  nearly  a  thousand  times.  I  am  sure  that  the 
powder  was  furnished  to  them  gratis  by  the  English.  I  dis- 
embarked opposite  the  village  and  saluted ;  the  chiefs  and  the 
old  men  crossed  the  river  and  came  to  me  with  the  white  flag 
and  the  calumet  (pipe)  of  peace,  cut  some  grass  ior  us  to  make 
seats  and  invited  me  to  take  seats  with  all  the  officers.  They 
had  brought  with  them  Mr.  de  Niverville  and  the  savages 
whom  they  had  guarded ;  as  we  went  to  sit  down  there  came 
up  nearly  eighty  men,  armed  and  equipped  as  warriors.  I 
had  arms  taken  to  my  detachment.  These  eighty  men  stood 
in  line  twenty  paces  from  us  and  leaned  on  their  guns.  I  said 
to  the  chief  that  I  was  surprised  at  the  manner  of  this  rash- 
ness, and  if  they  did  not  retire  promptly  I  would  fire  on  them ; 
they  replied  that  they  had  not  come  with  evil  designs,  that 
they  came  to  salute  anew,  but  that  they  would  retire  if  that 
displeased  me.  This  they  did  at  once,  firing  their  guns  in  the 
air,  which  were  only  charged  with  powder.  The  calumets 
were  presented  to  me  and  to  all  the  officers;  after  this-cere- 
mony  a  Shawnee  (Chaouanon)  chief  arose  and  complimented 
me  on  my  arrival.  I  told  them  I  would  speak  to  them  the 
next  day  at  my  tent,  where  I  would  light  the  fire  of  the  Gov- 
ernor. They  replied  to  me  that  they  had  in  their  village  a 
cabin  for  council,  where  they  would  hear,  if  I  would  go  there 
with  all  my  officers,  all  that  I  had  to  tell  them  on  the  part  of 
their  father  Onontio.  I  refused  them,  and  said  it  was  for 
them  to  come  to  me  and  hear  what  I  had  to  say  to  them,  and 
they  being  disappointed  it  would  be  a  great  imprudence  to  go 
to  their  village.  I  held  firm  on  this  article,  and  lead  them  to 
my  point.  They  returned  to  their  village.  The  corps  de 
garde  were  placed  and  the  rounds  made  all  night,  very  par- 
ticularly by  the  officers.  It  is  to  be  observed  that  this  village, 
which  is  composed  of  Shawnees  (Chaouanons)  and  Iroquois  of 
the  Five  Nations,  has  had  added  to  it  more  than  thirty  men  of 


I 

I 


CANADA — 1749. 


45 


>4 


the  Sault  St.  Louis,  whom  licentiousness  had  made  to  retire 
there.  Abundance  of  hunting  and  a  cheap  market — which  the 
English  gave  them — are  motives  very  seducing  for  them.  The 
son  of  Tenaga  Kassin  is  there,  and  never  has  his  father  or 
myself  been  able  to  bring  him  away;  besides  the  people  of  the 
Sault  St.  Louis,  there  are  some  from  the  lake,  the  two  moun- 
tains, Loups,  Miamis,  and  from  nearly  all  the  nations  of  the 
upper  country.  All  these  additions  are  worth  no  more  than 
the  Chaouanons  and  are  entirely  devoted  to  the  English. 

23d,  I  sent  to  give  them  notice  by  Mr.  de  Joncaire,  to 
come  to  my  camp  to  hear  the  words  of  their  Father.  They 
refused  to  come  at  first,  saying,  that  it  was  in  the  council 
cabin  that  they  should  be  spoken  to.  I  replied  that  it  was 
for  the  children  to  come  to  their  Father,  where  he  wished  to 
light  his  fire.  After  some  conference  they  came  lo  my  camp 
and  made  their  excuses  in  these  terms : 


Speech  of  the  Savages  of  St.  Yotoc  to  Mr.  de  Celeron^  with 
four  strings  of  Wampum ,  August  21,  1749: 
"  My  Father,  we  are  ashamed  to  appear  before  you  after  our 
impertinence  yesterday  to  those  you  sent  to  us.  We  are  in 
despair.  We  ask  pardon  and  pray  our  brothers  and  thee  to 
bury  this  bad  affair ;  the  regret  which  we  feel  for  it  makes  us 
hope  that  you  will  pardon  us." 

Reply  of  Mr.  de  Celeron  to  the  Savages  of  St.    Yotoc,  on  the 

same  day  : 
"  My  children,  no  one  could  be  more  surprised  than  I  was 
when  I  learned  by  the  canoe  which  came  before  me  the  re- 
ception which  you  had  given  to  the  chiefs  which  I  had  sent 
to  announce  to  you  my  arrival  and  tell  you  that  I  had  come 
to  carry  to  you  the  words  of  your  Father  Onontio ;  they  were 
furnished  with  all  the  marks  that  they  could  have  to  prove 


.^.»«*M«»«««. 


f  i 


46 


JOURNAL   OP   CELERON. 


: 


that  I  only  came  to  your  village  tranquilly.  This  token,  so 
re.spectecl  by  all  nations,  has  not  been  by  you,  and  you  have 
fired  on  it.  Not  content  with  that,  you  have  listened,  in  pre- 
ference to  my  words,  to  those  of  a  wicked  man  who  is  in  your 
village  and  who  is  a  slave.  I  have  been  the  more  surprised 
knowing  for  a  long  time  that  the  Shawnees  (Chaouanons) 
have  sense ;  they  have  appeared  on  this  occasion  more  desir- 
ous to  insult  the  envoys.  What  have  you  done,  Chaouanons, 
with  the  sense  which  you  had  ten  years  ago,  when  Mr.  de 
Longueil  passed  here  to  go  to  Chiachias }  Thou  wast  in  his 
presence  and  by  all  kinds  of  ways  you  showed  to  him  the 
goodness  of  thy  heart  and  thy  sentiments.  He  even  raised  a 
troop  of  thy  young  men  to  follow  him.  He  had  not  even  given 
notice  to  you  of  his  arrival ;  but  you  had  at  this  time  the 
French  heart,  and  to-day  thou  lettest  thyself  be  corrupted  by 
the  English,  who  dwell  with  you  continually,  and  that  under 
pretence  to  give  you  some  assistance,  only  seek  to  ruin  thee. 
Reflect  on  the  just  reproaches  which  I  make  to  thee  and  rid 
thyself  of  these  bad  people  who  will  be,  if  you  do  not  take  care, 
the  ruin  of  the  nation.  Thou  hast  opened  on  my  arrival  the 
throat  by  four  strings  of  wampum.  I  have  not  need  of  that 
medicine.  The  heart  of  the  Governor  is  a  pipe,  good  for  his 
children ;  but  as  thou  must  have  a  stronger  dose  of  it,  by  these 
strinffs  of  wampum,  I  evacuate  all  the  bad  humors.  The 
pardon  which  thou  demandest  of  the  fault  and  the  regret 
which  thou  appearest  to  have  for  it,  inclines  me  to  pardon 
thee.  Be  wiser  in  the  future.  I  bury  this  evil  affair,  as  thou 
askest  me,  and  I  will  pray  thy  Father  Onontio  not  to  preserve 
any  resentment.  I  invite  thee  to  reject  all  the  evil  discourses 
which  may  be  made  to  thee  in  the  future  and  listen  well  to 
the  words  of  thy  Father  Onontio  which  I  bring  to  you. 


■i 


CANADA — 1749. 


47 


i 

5„ 


Speech  of  the  General  to  the  Savages  of  the   Village  of  St. 

Yotoc,  August  23,  1749.     Brought  by  Mr.  de  Celeron.     By 

one  belt  : 

"  The  friendship,  my  children,  which  I  have  for  you,  although 
so  distant,  has  prompted  me  to  send  Mr.  de  Celeron  to  make 
you  open  your  eyes  and  discover  tiie  projects  which  the 
English  form  against  you  and  the  land  which  you  inhabit. 
You  are  ignorant,  no  doubt,  of  the  establishments  which  they 
can  make  here,  and  which  aim  at  nothing  less  than  your 
ruin  ;  they  hide  from  you  their  ideas,  which  are  to  form  here, 
and  construct  forts  strong  enough  to  destroy  you,  if  I  let 
them  do  so.  I  am,  like  a  good  father,  who  tenderly  loves 
his  children,  and  who,  although  at  a  distance  from  them, 
thinks  always  on  what  is  best  for  their  advantage,  and  warns 
them  of  peril  which  menaces  them.  You  know,  my  children, 
that  they  forgot  nothing  in  the  last  war  which  I  had  with 
them,  to  engage  you  to  declare  against  me ;  happy  for  you 
that  you  did  not  listen  to  them.  I  think  kindly  of  you  for  it ; 
of  others,  who  let  themselves  be  seduced,  I  have  pardoned 
some  of  them,  persuaded  that  they  will  be  wiser  in  the  future 
and  will  not  listen  any  more  to  the  bad  people,  who  only 
seek  to  trouble  the  land.  But  to  put  us  entirely  beyond  their 
seduction,  I  sent  promptly  a  summons  to  them  to  retire 
from  my  land,  where  they  never  had  a  right  to  enter.  The 
kings  of  France  and  of  England  agreed  in  the  treaties,  of 
peace  that  the  English  should  never  come  to  trade,  or  for 
anything  else,  into  la  Belle  Riviere.  I  do  not  wish  this  time 
to  make  use  of  force,  although  I  would  be  right  if  I  had  them 
pillaged.  I  warn  them  gently — may  they  pay  attention  to 
it — if  another  time  there  happens  to  them  any  misfortune  it 
will  be  their  own  fault. 

"As  for  you,  my  children,  live  tranquilly  on  your  land,  and 
do  not  enter  into  the  discussions  which  I  may  have  with  the 


48 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


English ;  I  will  pay  attention  to  all  which  can  be  to  your  ad- 
vantage. I  invite  you  to  come  to  see  us  next  year ;  I  will 
give  you  marks  of  my  friendship,  and  will  put  you  in  such  a 
position  that  you  will  not  regret  those  whom  I  sent  from 
your  country.  I  will  give  you  all  the  aid  which  you  should 
expect  from  a  good  father  who  loves  you  and  will  not  let  you 
want  anything.  Those  who  will  bring  it  to  you  will  not  in- 
vade your  lands  to  drive  you  from  them ;  on  the  contrary,  I 
will  order  them  to  maintain  you  there,  and  their  interest 
will  always  be  the  same." 

By  another  belt : 
"  For  the  two  years  I  have  been  in  this  country  I  have  been 
entirely  occupied  in  learning  the  interests  of  my  children  and 
that  which  can  be  of  advantage  to  them.  I  have  learned 
with  pain  the  affair  which  has  happened  between  you  and 
the  Illinois,  As  you  are  equally  my  children,  and  as  I  have 
for  you  the  bowels  of  a  father,  I  charge  Mr.  de  Celeron,  whom 
I  send  into  the  villages  of  the  Belle  Riviere,  to  carry  my 
words,  to  give  you  a  belt  from  me ;  to  engage  you  to  be 
reconciled  with  your  brothers,  the  Illinois.  I  have  taken  the 
same  precautions  with  them,  having  sent  a  commandant  of 
this  post  with  orders  to  speak  to  them  on  my  part,  and  to  tell 
them  to  keep  themselves  tranquil.  I  hope,  my  children,  that 
you  will  both  hear  with  pleasure  my  words,  and  that  you  will 
determine  to  live  in  peace  and  union,  like  my  true  children. 
I  will  not  enter  upon  the  subject  of  your  quarrel ;  I  ignore 
even  who  is  the  aggressor ;  but  whoever  it  may  be,  it  is  suit- 
able that  he  should  make  the  necessary  advances  for  recon- 
ciliation, and  that  the  offended  forgets  the  injury  which  he 
has  received.  I  will  be  obliged  to  him  inasmuch  as  I  only 
seek  to  procure  for  them  that  which  is  most  advantageous 
lor  them." 


1 


CANADA — 1749. 


49 


While  we  were  in  the  council,  a  Chaouanon  entered,  with 
a  much  frightened  air,  and  told  the  chiefs  that  all  the  nations 
of  Detroit  were  coming  to  fall  on  them,  and  that,  while  I  was 
amusing  them,  they  were  going  to  see  their  villages 
destroyed.  I  saw  that  there  was  an  alteration  in  this  savage. 
I  asked  him  the  reason.  I  reassured  them  from  their  fright, 
and  restored  them  so  well  that  the  council  was  not  long  inter- 
rupted. After  having  explained  to  them  the  intentions  of 
the  General,  I  gave  them  a  cup  to  drink.  They  then  re- 
turned to  their  village.  As  soon  as  they  had  departed,  I  sent 
Mr.  de  Joncaire  to  inform  himself  of  the  news  which  had  just 
arrived.  He  was  not  long  returning,  and  reported  to  me  that 
three  Ottawas  had  arrived  at  a  village  in  the  country,  ten 
leagues  from  St.  Yotoc,  and  that  immediately  couriers  had 
left  to  carry  us  the  news  that  the  Ottawas  would  not  arrive 
for  two  days.  I  judged  they  were  couriers  that  Mr.  de 
Sabrevois  sent  me,  to  give  me  advice  about  the  disposition  of 
the  people  of  Detroit. 

The  24th,  The  savages  replied,  after  having  made  some 
objections  to  coming  to  the  French  camp  to  make  their 
reply ;  but,  seeing  that  I  persisted  with  firmness  in  my  sys- 
tem, they  came,  and  here  is  their  reply,  very  badly  explained, 
their  interpreter  being  very  bad  : 

Re/>/y  of  the  Savages  of  St.  Yotoc  to  the  Speech  of  the  General, 
August  24,  1749,  by  six  strings  of  Wampum : 
"  My  Father,  we  have  come  to  tell  you  that  we  have  heard 
the  speech  of  our  Father  Onontio  with  great  pleasure  ;  that 
all  that  which  he  has  told  us  is  true,  and  for  our  good,  and  that 
we  and  our  brothers,  the  Miamis,  who  are  here,  will  conform 
to  it,  having  but  one  sole  thought.  For  these  strings  of 
wampum  we  assure  our  Father  Onontio  that  all  those  who 
live  in  our  village  will  not  work  any  more  on  evil  affairs,  and 


:i 


SO 


lOUKNAI,   OF   CEt.ERON. 


will  not  listen  ap;ain  to  evil  discourses.  My  I'ather,  we  thank 
you  that  you  wish  to  rerr)ncile  us  with  our  brothers,  the  Illi- 
nois. We  promise  you  to  work  for  that.  This  speech  has 
given  pleasure  to  all  our  village. 

"  My  Father,  by  these  strings  of  wampum,  we  thank  you 
for  the  manner  in  which  you  have  spoken  to  us.  We  encour- 
age you  to  continue  your  work,  and  to  give  spirit  to  all  your 
children,  so  that  the  land  may  be  tranquil.  As  for  us  Cha- 
ouanons,  we  assure  you  that  we  will  only  work  with  good 
affairs." 

On  the  25th  I  assembled  all  the  chiefs,  and  made  them  a 
present,  on  the  part  of  the  General,  and  asked  them  to  keep 
the  promise  which  they  had  given  me.  A  little  while  after, 
I  made  the  traders  come  to  me,  and  summoned  them  to  re- 
tire, making  them  feel  that  they  have  no  right  of  commerce 
or  anything  else  in  the  Belle  Riviere. 

I  wrote  to  the  Governor  of  Carolina,  whom  I  have  well 
warned  of  the  risks  which  their  traders  will  run  if  they  re- 
turn here.  That  was  enjoined  on  me  in  my  instructions,  and 
even  to  pillage  the  English,  but  I  was  not  strong  enough  for 
that — these  traders  being  established  in  the  village,  and  well 
sustained  by  the  savages.  I  would  have  made  an  attempt, 
which  might  not  have  succeeded,  and  would  have  turned 
against  the  French.  The  Ottawas  sent  by  Mr.  de  Sabrevois 
arrived,  and  brought  me  letters  by  which  advice  was  given  to 
me,  which  was  no  more  than  that  which  Mr.  La  Naudiere  had 
told  me— of  the  disposition  of  the  savages  of  Detroit — and, 
besides  that,  that  some  efforts  which  Mr.  de  Longueil  had 
made  to  engage  them  to  march  they  had  constantly  refused. 
I  gave  provision  to  these  couriers,  although  I  was  very  short ; 
and  I  wrote  to  Mr.  de  Sabrevois,  and  asked  him  to  keep  twenty 
canoes  below  Detroit,  with  provisions  for  my  establishment, 
at  the  commencement  of  October. 


•--  >-.— 


CANADA  — 1749. 


|i 


The  26th,  I  departed,  at  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  from 
St.  Voioc.  All  the  savages  were  under  arms,  and  saluted 
when  I  passed  before  the  village. 

The  27th,  I  arrived  at  the  Riviere  Blanche  at  10  o'clock 
in  the  evening.  I  knew  that,  three  leagues  in  the  country, 
there  were  six  cabins  of  the  Mianiis,  which  induced  me  to 
.sleep  at  this  place. 

The  28th,  I  sent  Mr.  de  Villiers  and  my  son  to  these 
cabins,  to  tell  these  savages  to  come  to  speak  to  me.  They 
brought  them,  and  I  engaged  them  to  come  with  me  to  the 
village  of  the  Demoiselle,  where  I  was  going  to  carry  the 
words  of  their  Father  Onontio.  They  consented,  asking  me 
to  wait  until  the  next  day,  to  give  them  time  to  go  for  their 
equipage.  There  are  in  this  village  two  Sonontonane 
cabins.  The  policy  of  these  nations  is  to  have  some  of  them 
with  them  who  are  like  protectors.  I  engaged  one  of  the 
Sonontonanes,  who  speaks  Miami  well,  to  come  with  me  to 
the  home  of  the  Demoiselle.*  I  needed  him,  not  having  an 
interpreter  of  this  language,  and  I  had  some  affairs  of  conse- 
quence to  treat  with  them. 

The  29th,  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Raimond,  Captain  and  Com- 
mandant at  the  Miamis,  and  asked  him  to  send  to  me  the  one 
named  "King's  Interpreter,"  with  as  many  horses  as  possible, 
to  make  the  transport  of  our  baggage  at  a  portage  of  fifty 
leagues. 

The  30th,  The  savages  of  the  Riviere  Blanche  having 
arrived,  I  embarked  to  gain  the  Riviere  h  la  Roche,  and  at 
the  entrance  I  buried  a  plate  of  lead,  and  attached  to  a  tree 
the  arms  of  the  king — of  which  I  drew  up  a  Proces  Verbal. 


*  Fort  Laramie. 


52 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


Procis  Verbal  of  the  Sixth  Plate  of  Lead,  buried  at  the  entrance 
of  the  River  h  la  Roche*  August  31,  1749. 

"The  year  1749,  I,  Celeron,  Chevalier  of  the  Or^'.y  Royal 
and  Military  of  St.  Louis,  Captain  Commanding  a  L  •  .hment 
sent  by  the  orders  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Galissonniere,  Com- 
manding General  m  Canada,  in  the  Belle  Riviere  (otherwise 
the  Ohio),  accompanied  by  the  principal  officers  of  our  detach- 
ment, have  buried  on  the  point  formed  by  the  right  shore  of 
the  Ohio,  and  the  left  of  the  River  la  Roche,  a  plate  of  lead, 
and  attached  to  a  tree  the  arms  of  the  king.  In  faith  of 
which  we  have  drawn  up  and  signed  with  the  officers  the 
present  Proces  Verbal." 

September. — That  done,  I  embarked ;  the  little  water  which 
I  found  in  this  river  made  me  take  thirteen  days  to  ascend  it. 

The  1 2th,  The  Miamis  of  the  village  of  the  Demoiselle, 
having  learned  that  I  was  about  to  arrive  at  their  home,  sent 
four  chiefs  to  me  with  calumets  of  peace  for  me  to  smoke,  as 
I  had  invited  them  to  my  people  on  land,  not  having  water 
enough  in  the  river  to  draw  the  loaded  canoes  through.  I 
was  informed  by  Mr.  Courtmanche,  an  officer  of  the  detach- 
ment, of  the  arrival  of  these  envoys.  I  disembarked  at  the 
place  where  they  were,  and,  when  we  were  all  seated,  they 
commenced  their  ceremonies,  presenting  to  me  the  calumet. 
I  accepted  it.  They  then  carried  it  to  Mr.  de  Contrecoeur, 
second  captain  of  the  detachment,  and  to  all  the  officers,  and 
to  the  Canadians,  who,  famished  for  a  smoke,  wished  that 
the  ceremony  had  lasted  a  long  time.  The  hour  having 
arrived  to  encamp,  we  slept  at  this  place.  The  messengers 
rested  with  us.  I  was  obliged,  notwithstanding  the  little 
provision  we  had,  to  give  them  supper. 

13th,  I  arrived  at  the  village  de  la  Demoiselle,  and  I 
placed  my  camp  and  arranged  the  sentries  and  waited  for  the 

*  Miami. 


;£|ft4*E3l«l.-' 


CANADA — 1749. 


53 


arrival  of  the  interpreter,  which  I  had  demanded  from  Mr.  de 
Raimond.  During  this  time  I  sounded  their  minds  to  learn 
if  they  were  willing  to  return  to  Kiskaicon.  This  is  the 
name  of  their  ancient  village.  It  appeared  to  me  that  they 
had  not  a  great  repugnance.  They  had  two  English  work- 
men in  their  village,  whom  I  made  leave  ;  those  who  had 
passed  the  summer  there  trading,  had  retired  with  their 
effects  by  land.  They  have  roads  communicating  from  one 
village  to  the  other. 

17th,  Tired — that  the  interpreter  did  not  arrive,  and  that 
my  provisions  were  consumed  waiting  for  him.  I  determined 
to  speak  to  the  Demoiselle  by  means  of  an  Iroquois,  who 
spoke  Miami  well.  I  showed  them  magnificent  presents,  on 
the  part  of  the  General,  to  engage  them  to  come  to  their  vil- 
lage, and  explained  to  them  his  intentions  in  these  terms  : 


Speech  of  the  General  to  the  Miamts,  to  the  Demoiselle  estab- 
lished at  the  River  d.  la  Roche,  and  to  Bariel,  established  at 
the  River  Blanche.  Carried  by  Mr.  de  Celeron,  February 
17,  i749>  by  eight  strings  of  Wampum,  for  the  tivo  Vil- 
lages : 

"My  children,  the  manner  in  which  I  have  dealt  with 
you,  notwithstanding  what  you  have  done  to  the  French — 
that  I  have  given  subsistence  for  your  women  and  children — 
should  prove  to  you  the  attachment  which  I  have  for  you, 
and  the  justice  of  my  sentiments.  I  forget  that  which  you 
have  done,  and  I  bury  it  in  the  deepest  part  of  the  earth,  that 
I  may  not  remember  it  again,  persuaded  that  you  have  done 
nothing  but  at  the  instigation  of  people  whose  policy  is  to 
trouble  the  land  and  spoil  the  mind  of  those  with  whom  they 
have  intercourse,  and  who  profit  by  the  unfortunate  ascend- 
ancy which  you  have  let  them  gain  over  you,  make  you  com- 
mit errors  and  engage  you  in  evil  affairs — without  letting  it 


54 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


appear  that  they  have  any  part  in  them— so  as  to  injure  you 
with  me.  It  is  to  enlighten  you  that  I  send  to  you  my  words ; 
listen  well  to  them  and  pay  attention  to  them,  my  children. 
They  are  the  words  of  a  father  who  loves  you,  and  to  whom 
your  interests  are  dear.  I  extinguish  by  these  two  strings 
of  wampum  the  two  fires  which  you  have  kept  alight  for  two 
years  at  the  River  b.  la  Roche  and  at  the  River  Blanche.  I 
extinguish  them  in  such  a  manner  that  not  a  spark  shall 
appear  from  them." 


P   V 


■\i  I 


By  one  belt  to  the  Demoiselle  and  one  to  Bariel: 
"My  children,  I  come  to  tell  you  by  this  string  of  wampum 
that  I  will  extinguish  the  fires  which  you  have  lighted  on  the 
River  a  la  Roche  and  at  the  River  Blanche.  By  these  belts 
I  raise  you  up  from  your  mats  and  I  take  you  by  the  hand  to 
lead  you  to  Kiskakon,  where  I  will  relight  your  fires  and  fill 
them  more  solid  than  ever.  It  is  in  this  land,  my  children, 
that  there  will  be  joined  to  you  a  perfect  tranquillity,  and 
where  every  moment  I  will  be  in  the  way  to  give  you  marks 
of  my  friendship.  It  is  in  this  country,  my  children,  that 
you  will  meet  with  the  sweetness  of  life,  it  being  the  place 
where  the  bones  of  your  ancestors  repose  and  these  of  Mr.  de 
Vincennes,  who  loved  you  so  much,  and  who  always  governed 
you  in  such  a  manner  that  affairs  were  always  good.  If  you 
have  forgotten  the  counsels  which  he  gave  you,  his  ashes  will 
recall  to  you  the  memory.  The  bones  of  your  ancestors 
suffer  for  your  remoteness ;  have  pity  for  the  dead  who 
recall  you  to  your  village ;  follow  with  your  women  and 
your  children  the  chief  that  I  send  to  you  to  carry  my  speech 
and  who  will  relight  your  fire  at  Kiskakon  in  such  a  way  that 
it  will  never  be  extinguished.  I  will  give  you  all  the  help 
that  you  should  expect  from  my  friendship,  and  know,  my 
children,  that  I  will  do  for  you  that  which  I  have  never  done 
for  any  other  nation." 


CANADA — 1749. 


55 


Another  Speech  by  four  strings  of  Wampnnt  and  tzvo  to  Baricl. 
"  By  these  strings  of  porcelain  I  place  a  barrier  at  every  pas- 
sage that  leads  to  the  Belle  Riviere,  so  that  you  will  never  go 
there  again,  and  that  the  English,  who  are  the  authors  of  all 
evil  affairs,  can  not  approach  to  this  land  which  belongs  to 
me.  I  make  for  you  at  the  same  time  a  good  road  to  lead  you 
to  Kiskakon,*  where  I  will  relight  your  fire.  I  break  off  all 
commerce  with  the  English,  whom  I  have  warned  to  retire 
from  my  land,  and  if  they  corre  . '  ere  they  will  have  cause  to 
repent." 


By  tzvo  strings  of  Wampum  to  the  Demoiselle  and  tzvo  to  Mr. 

Baricl : 

"  Since  you  have  done,  my  children,  that  which  I  demanded 
of  yoit,  which  is  only  for  your  advantage,  I  invite  you  to  come 
to  see  me  next  year,  and  to  receive  from  me  also  sensible 
marks  of  my  friendship.  I  give  the  same  mvitation  to  all 
your  brothers  of  the  BeJle  Riviere.  I  hope  that  you  both 
have  sufiicient  sense  to  respond,  as  you  should,  and,  to  begin 
to  give  you  a  proof  of  my  friendship,  I  send  you  these 
presents  to  cover  your  women  and  your  children.  I  join  to 
them  powder  and  balls,  to  gain  a  living  easier  on  the  route 
which  you  are  going  to  take  to  take  you  to  Kiskakon.  Aban- 
don the  land  where  you  are ;  it  is  pernicious  to  you,  and  profit 
by  that  which  I  make  for  you." 

The  council  finished,  every  one  retired.  They  carried  the 
presents  to  their  village,  where  they  assembled  to  make  their 
replies.  On  the  i8th,  at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  they  came 
to  make  their  reply. 

*  Now  Fort  Wayne. 


e 


WTZ.a 


\ 


I 


56 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


Reply  of  the  Demoiselle,  Chief  of  the  Miamis,  established  at 

the  River  h  la  Roche,  and  of  Bariel,  established  at  the  River 

Blanche,  February  18,  1749,  by  two  Calumets  of  Peace: 

"It  is  the  old  custom  among  us,  when  good  affairs  are 

spoken  of,  to  present  some  calumets.    We  pray  you  to  listen 

to  us ;  we  are  going  to  reply  to  what  you  have  said  to  us. 

This  calumet  is  a  testimony  of  the  pleasure  which  I  have  to 

smoke  together,  and  we  hope  to  smoke  the  same  calumet 

with  our  Father  next  j  ear." 

By  one  belt : 

"  My  Father,  we  heard  with  pleasure  yesterday  your  speech. 
We  see  well  that  you  have  only  come  for  good  affairs.  We 
have  only  a  good  response  to  make  to  you.  You  have  made 
us  remember  the  bones  of  our  ancestors,  who  groan,  and  we 
see  in  this  place  that  which  recalls  us  continually.  You  made 
for  us  a  fine  road  to  return  to  our  ancient  nest.  We  thank 
you  for  it,  my  Father,  and  we  promise  you  to  go  there  in  the 
early  spring.  We  thank  you  for  the  good  words  which  you 
have  given  us.  We  see  well  that  you  do  not  forget  us.  Be 
sure  that  we  will  always  work  at  good  affairs  with  the 
Chaouanons.  We  recall  the  good  advice  which  Mr.  de  Vin- 
cennes  gave  us.  My  Father,  you  have  business  with  people 
without  sense,  and  who  cannot  reply  to  you  perhaps  as  you 
hoped ;  but  they  speak  truth.  It  is  not  with  the  lips  they 
speak  to  you  ;  it  is  from  the  bottom  of  the  heart.  You  have 
told  us  to  make  serious  reflections  upon  what  you  have  said 
to  us.  We  have  done  so,  and  we  will  continue  to  dc  so  all 
winter. 

"  We  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  to  give  you  a  good  speech 
in  the  spring.  If  the  hunting  is  good  we  will  repair  our 
faults.  We  assure  you,  my  Father,  that  we  will  listen  no 
more  to  the  evil  discourses  or  the  evil  news.  We  have  at 
present  some  sense." 


CANADA — 1749. 


57 


Reply  to  the  Demoiselle  and  to  Bariel  in  the  same  Council  by 

Mr.  de  Celeron: 
"  I  have  listened  to  my  children,  and  I  have  well  weighed 
your  speech ;  either  because  you  have  not  well  understood, 
or  you  pretend  so,  you  do  not  reply  to  that  which  I  said  to 
you.  I  proposed  to  you,  on  the  part  of  your  Father  Onontio, 
that  you  should  come  with  me  to  Kiskakon,  to  there  relight 
your  fire  and  remake  your  nest.  You  put  it  off  until  next 
spring.  I  would  have  been  charmed  to  be  able  to  say  to 
your  Father  Onontio  that  I  had  led  you  there.  That  would 
have  given  him  pleasure,  on  account  of  the  interest  which  he 
takes  in  what  concerns  you.  You  tell  me  you  will  go  there 
at  the  end  of  winter.  Be  true  to  your  promise.  Assure  him 
of  that,  for  he  is  stronger  than  you,  and  if  you  fail,  fear  the 
"  resentment  of  a  father,  who  has  but  too  much  reason  to  be 
irritated  against  you,  and  who  has  offered  you  the  means  of 
regaining  his  favor." 

Reply  to  these  Words  by  the  Demoiselle  and  Fariel: 
"  My  Father,  we  will  be  faithful  in  executing  the  promise 
which  we  have  given  thee.  We  will  go  at  the  close  of  winter 
to  our  ancient  cabin,  and  if  the  Master  favors  our  hunting  we 
hope  to  repair  our  passed  faults.  Be  convinced  that  we  do 
not  speak  from  our  lips,  but  from  the  bottom  of  our  hearts. 
We  cannot,  at  present,  return  to  where  you  have  come  to 
lead  us.    The  season  is  too  far  advanced." 


The  council  finished.  I  stopped  sc.ae  old  men,  to  attempt 
to  discover  whether  what  they  had  told  me  was  sincere ;  I 
spoke  with  these  savages,  who  assured  me  that  both  villages 
v/ould  return  in  spring  to  Kiskakon,  and  that  which  delayed 
them  was  that  they  had  no  cabins  built  where  I  could  conduct 
them,  and  that   when   hunting  in  the  winter  they  would 

5 


JW.'iir 


58 


JOURNAL   OK   CELERON. 


'I    it! 


t'    t 


approach  their  village,  and  that  they  would  return  there 
certainly.  Roi,  for  whom  I  had  asked  Mr.  de  Raimon,  arrived 
on  the  19th.  I  remained,  to  try,  by  the  means  of  Roi,  to 
persuade  the  Demoiselle,  with  some  other  chiefs,  to  return 
with  me  to  relight  their  fires,  and  make  their  nests  at 
Kiskakon.  I  did  not  succeed.  They  continued  always  to 
say  and  assure  me  that  they  would  return  next  spring.  On  the 
20th,  all  being  ready  for  our  departure,  we  raised  our  camp, 
after  having  burned  our  canoe,  with  which  we  could  not  make 
the  transport.  We  began  our  march  by  land,  everyone  carry- 
ing his  provisions  and  his  baggage,  excepting  the  officers,  for 
whom  I  had  procured  horses,  and  some  men  to  lead  them.  I 
had  formed  all  my  people  in  four  brigades,  of  which  each  one 
had  an  officer  at  the  right  and  the  left.  I  conducted  the 
right  and  Mr.  de  Contrecoeur  the  left.  We  only  spent  five 
and  a-half  days  in  making  this  route,  which  is  estimated  at 
fifty  leagues. 

The  25th,  I  arrived  at  Mr.  de  Raymond's,  who  commands 
at  Kiskakon.  I  only  rested  here  long  enough  to  purchase 
some  provisions,  and  some  pirogues,  to  take  me  to  Detroit. 

The  26th,  I  caused  to  come  to  me  the  Pied  Froid,  chief  of 
the  Miamis,  established  at  Kiskakon,  and  some  others  of  con- 
sequence, to  whom  I  repeated,  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Ray- 
mond and  the  officers  of  our  detachment,  that  which  I  had 
said  at  the  village  of  Demoiselle  and  the  reply  which  I  had 
to  it.  After  they  had  listened  with  a  great  deal  of  attention, 
they  arose  and  said  to  me  :  "I  wish  I  was  mistaken,  but  I  am 
attached  enough  to  the  French  to  say  that  the  Demoiselle 
will  lie.  My  only  sorrow  is  to  be  the  only  one  who  loves  you 
and  to  see  all  the  nations  of  the  south  incensed  against  the 
French." 

The  27th,  I  left  Mr.  de  Raymond's,  not  having  found 
enough  pirogues  for  all  my  people.     One  party  went  by  land. 


CANADA — 1749. 


59 


under  the  guidance  of  some  officers,  and  some  savages  to 
guide  them  through  the  woods,  I  spent  eight  days  in  going 
to  the  lower  part  of  Detroit.  When  I  arrived,  the  6th  of 
February,  I  found  some  canoes  and  provisions  for  my  detach- 
ment. I  would  have  left  the  same  day,  if  my  savages  would 
have  followed  me,  but  they  amused  themselves  drinking,  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  -river  Miamis.  I  waited  for  them  on 
the  7th  and  they  arrived  at  the  close  of  the  8th.  I  left  on 
the  9th  of  February  the  lower  part  of  Detroit,  and  slept  at 
the  Pointe  Pelle.  During  the  traverse  of  Lake  Erie  nothing 
happened  to  us  that  merits  attention. 

I  arrived  at  Niagara  on  the  19th,  where  I  was  delayed  three 
days  by  bad  weather.  The  22d  I  left  Niagara  by  the  south  of 
Lake  Ontario,  to  go  to  Fort  Frontenac.  I  spent  fourteen 
days  in  passing  this  lake,  in  which  I  have  had  several  canoes 
broken  by  the  violence  of  the  winds,  and  I  arrived  on  the  6th 
at  9  o'clock  at  said  fort. 

No*  ember,  I  departed  from  Fort  Frontenac.  I  passed  to 
the  establishment  of  Mr.  Piquette.  I  had  received  orders  from 
the  Marquis  de  la  Gallissonni^re  to  see  the  addition  which  he 
had  made  to  it  during  my  voyage.  I  did  not  see  any  change 
since  I  had  passed  at  the  begin  ;  of  July.  His  fort  had 
been  burned  since  his  departure  for  Montreal,  by  the  savages, 
who  were  thought  to  have  been  sent  by  the  English  of  Cho- 
ueginus.  A  large  field  of  grain  was  also  burned,  and  a  kind 
of  redoubt,  which  was  in  the  angle  of  a  bastion,  has  been  saved, 
although  the  fire  had  been  put  to  it  several  times.  There 
were  only  three  men  on  guard  at  this  fort,  of  which  one  had 
an  arm  carried  off  by  a  gun,  which  burst  in  his  hands  when 
firing  on  those  who  made  the  fire. 

I  asked  if  anyone  knew  the  nation  who  had  done  this  deed. 
I  was  told  that  it  was  two  Goyoquines,  who  had  passed  the 
summer  with  Mr.  Piquette,  and  who  had  been  hired  by  the 


6o 


JOURNAL   OF   CELERON. 


English  to  take  away  his  negro.    I  departed,  and  slept  at  the 
foot  of  the  Rapids. 

lOth,  At  9  o'clock  I  arrived  at  Montreal,  where  I  re- 
mained two  days.  I  descended  to  Quebec  to  give  an  account 
to  the  Marquis  de  la  Jonquiere  of  my  voyage.  I  have  been 
very  happy — notwithstanding  the  fatigue  of  the  campaign, 
and  the  bad  fare,  and  the  quantity  of  sickness — to  lose 
but  one  man,  who  was  drowned  in  the  shipwreck  of  Mr. 
de  la  Jonquiere.  In  the  estimation  of  Father  Bonnecamp, 
Jesuit  and  great  mathematician,  who  has  given  great  attention 
to  the  route,  the  journey  was  1,200  leagues;  by  mine  and  that 
of  the  officers  of  the  detachment  it  is  longer.  All  that  I  can 
say  is,  that  the  nations  of  these  places  are  very  ill-disposed 
against  the  French  and  entirely  devoted  to  the  English.  I 
do  not  know  by  what  means  they  can  be  reclaimed.  If 
violence  is  employed  they  would  be  warned  and  take  to  flight ; 
they  have  a  grand  refuge  in  the  flat  plains,  from  which  they 
are  not  far.  If  we  send  to  trade  with  them,  our  traders  can 
never  give  our  merchandise  at  the  price  the  English  do, 
because  of  the  great  expense  they  would  be  at.  Furthermore, 
I  think  it  would  be  dangerous  to  make  easier  conditions 
with  the  nations  who  inhabit  the  Belle  Riviere  than  in  the 
roads  to  Detroit,  Miamis  and  others.  It  would  be  to  people 
our  old  posts  and  perpetuate  the  nations  on  the  Belle  Riviere 
and  who  are  within  the  reach  of  the  English  Government. 
They  have  nevertheless  sent  their  armies,  but  they  had  fewer 
English  and  they  had  not  credit  as  they  have  to-day  ;  and  if 
the  French  traders  would  tell  the  truth,  they  would  admit 
that  their  profits  proceed  but  from  the  trade  which  they  make 
with  the  English  by  the  exchange  of  peltry,  cats,  otters  and 
skins,  all  at  a  low  price,  in  England,  and  with  us  very  high. 
Thus  have  we  seen  come  from  this  place  only  peltries  and 
no  beaver,— they  are  given  in  exchange  to  the  English. 


CANADA — 1749. 


61 


A  substantial  establishment  could  be  useful  to  the  Colonies, 
but  there  are  many  inconveniences  to  sustain  from  the  diffi- 
culties of  the  road  on  which  to  transport  provisions  and 
effects  necessary.  I  doubt  if  one  would  succeed  except  by 
making  a  strong  defence.  I  feel  obliged,  by  the  knowledge 
which  1  have  of  all  these  places,  to  put  these  reflections  at 
the  end  of  my  Journal,  of  which  such  use  may  be  made  as  is 
thought  proper.  Signed, 

Celeron. 

Copy  of  the  Summons  made  to  the  English  of  la  Belle  Riviire, 
I,  Celeron,  Captain,  Chevalier  of  the  Royal  and  Military 
order  of  St.  Louis,  Commanding  a  Detachment  sent  by  the 
Marquis  de  la  Gallissonniere,  Commanding  General  of  New 
France,  have  summoned  you  English  traders,  who  trade  in 
an  Indian  village  situated  on  the  Belle  Riviere,  to  retire  to 
their  country  with  their  effects  and  baggage,  under  pain  of 
being  treated  as  interlopers  ;  in  case  of  refusal,  to  which  sum- 
mons the  said  English  have  said  that  they  were  going  to 
retire  to  their  country  with  their  effects. 

Executed  in  our  camp  of  la  Belle  Rivi&re. 
[Copied.]  Signed, 

DE   LA   JONQUlfeRE. 


Notes  on  Celeron's  Expedition,  by  William  M.  Darlington. 

Kannaigai  River  and  Village,  doubtless  the  same  as  Cone- 
wango  or  rapids — a  carrying  place  for  canoes. 

Venango — Riviere    aux    Boeufs — otherwise  Zynango   (to 
bacco). 

Hart's  Rock  is  two  miles  below  Pittsburgh. 

Attique,  Kiskiminitas  River,  about  twenty-five  miles  above 


63 


JOURNAL   OF   CKLEKON. 


Pittsburgh,  emptying  into  the  Allegheny.    Village  of  Loups. 
Alliquippa,  opposite  Brunot's  Island.     North  shore. 

Leaden  Plates  Deposited. 

First,  on  the  29th  of  July,  1749,  at  the  junction  of  Cone- 
wango  Creek  and  Allegheny  River,  now  Warren. 

Second,  on  the  3d  of  August,  at  the  Three  Rivers  (Pitts- 
burgh). 

Third,  on  the  i6th  of  August,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mus- 
kingum (Marietta). 

Fourth,  on  the  i8th  of  August,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kas- 
kaskia(  Point  Pleasant). 

Celeron  descended  to  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash. 


.   s     ,•    <     .^, 


CAMPAIGN  OF  17S8. 


t 


Letters  of  Generals  Grant.  Forbes  and 
Bouquet. 


COPY  OF  MAJOR  GRANT'S  LETTER  TO  BRITISH 

GENERAL  FORBES.  UPON  THE  AFFAIR 

OF  SEPTEMBER  14,  1758. 

(Endorsed  by  Col.  Bouquet.) 

September  14,  1758. 

Sir : — If  it  had  been  in  my  power  to  write  sooner,  you  will 
do  me  the  justice  to  believe  that  I  should  have  troubled  you 
long  before  this  time  with  an  account  of  the  detachment 
which  marched  the  9th  of  September  from  the  Camp  of  Loyal 
Hanna. 

We  were  lucky  enough  not  to  be  discovered  in  our  march, 
though  several  scouting  parties  passed  very  near  us.  We 
got  to  an  advantageous  post  the  12th,  about  three  in  the  after- 
noon, which,  according  to  the  information  of  all  our  guides, 
was  ten  or  twelve  miles  from  the  French  fort.  I  thought  it 
was  a  proper  place  to  encamp  in,  as  I  did  not  think  it  advis- 
able to  go  nearer,  for  fear  of  being  discovered  ;  but  I  after- 
ward found  that  our  guides  were  much  mistaken  about  the 
distance,  for,  as  near  as  I  can  judge,  the  camp  is  about  sixteen 
miles  from  the  top  of  the  Hill,  where  we  were  to  take  post. 
The  13th,  at  break  of  day,  I  sent  Major  Lewis,  with  200  men,  and 
our  Indians,  with  orders  to  post  men  in  ambuscade,  about  five 

(63) 


04  GRANTS    DEFEAT. 

miles  from  the  fort,  which  was  all  the  precaution  I  could  take 
to  prevent  our  being  discovered  in  the  camp.  I  flattered 
myself  that,  if  a  reconnoitering  party  was  sent  out,  it  might 
possibly  fall  into  the  ambuscade,  and,  in  that  case,  in  all 
probability  they  must  have  been  killed  or  taken  ;  and,  if  they 
had  sent,  in  the  event  our  plans  succeeding,  a  second  party 
from  the  fort,  would  have  found  the  whole  party  ready  to 
receive  them.  I  ordered  Mr.  Chew  to  march  with  a  party  of 
fifteen  <  r  twenty  men  to  reconnoitre  the  ground  and  to  try, 
without  exposing  himself  or  the  men,  to  draw  a  party  of  the 
enemy  into  the  ambuscade. 

He  only  went  with  three  Indians,  who  soon  left  him,  and, 
by  that  means,  in  place  of  returning  to  Major  Lewis'  about 
ten  o'clock  as  I  expected,  he  was  obliged  to  conceal  himself 
till  night  came  on,  and  he  joined  me  upon  the  march  about 
eleven  c  clock  at  night.  But  I  would  not  be  understood  to 
reflect  upon  him  ;  he  is  a  good,  brisk  young  lad.  About  three 
in  the  afternoon  I  marched  forward  to  the  rest  of  the  detach- 
ment, and  I  found  Major  Lewis  advantageously  posted  about 
four  miles  from  our  camp.  The  post,  I  was  assured,  was  not 
seven  miles  from  the  fort,  though  I  found  it  was  above  twelve. 
After  giving  orders  to  the  troops,  and  particular  instructions 
to  the  captains,  I  proceeded  about  six  in  the  evening  toward 
the  fort,  expecting  to  get  to  the  top  of  the  Hill  about  eleven 
at  night ;  but,  as  the  distance  was  so  much  greater  than  I 
imagined,  it  was  after  two  in  the  morning  before  wc  got 
there.  The  instructions,  when  I  left  Loyal  Hanna,  were  that 
a  particular  party  should  be  sent  to  attack  each  Indian  fire, 
but,  as  these  fires  either  had  not  been  made,  or  were  burnt 
out  before  we  got  to  the  ground,  it  was  impossible  to  make 
any  disposition  of  that  kind.  Major  Lewis  was  informed  of 
every  particular  of  our  project  before  we  marched  from  Loyal 
Hanna,  and  was  told  there  that  he  was  to  command  the 


I 


FoKT  Pittsburgh  and  its  Environs. 
January,  1759. 


References  to  the  above  Sketch  of  Fort  Dij  Qussne,  ncv\  Pitisburgh, 
with  the  adjacent  co!' itry. 

1.  Monongehela  River. 

2.  Fort  Du  Quesne,  or  Pittsburgh. 


3.  The  Small  Fort. 

4.  Allegheny  River. 

5.  Allegheny  Indian  Town. 

6.  Shanapins. 

7.  Voughlogheny  River. 

8.  Ohio,  or  Allegheny  River. 


9.  Logs  Town. 

10.  Beaver  Creek. 

11.  Kuskuskies,  the  Chief  Town  of  the  Six 

Nations. 

12.  Shingoes  Town. 

13.  Alliquippa. 

14.  Sennakaas. 


The  arrows  show  the  course  of  the  rivers. 


..-i>^iafei.i4*'*M6^»^^«i^iffl*M»«s*.^;,%#*-.^ 


It! 


K     > 


11 


CAMPAIGN   OF    I758. 


65 


!) 


troops  that  were  to  be  sent  upon  the  attack.  As  I  was  to 
continue  upon  the  height  to  make  a  disposition  for  covering 
his  retreat  (which  we  did  not  desire  to  be  made  in  good  order) 
and  for  forming  the  rear  guard  in  our  march  from  the  fort, 
you  will  easily  believe  that  he  and  I  had  frequent  conversa- 
tions upon  the  march  about  our  plan  of  operations,  I  sent 
for  him  the  moment  the  troops  arrived  upon  the  hill  opposite 
the  fort,  and  told  him  that  as  we  had  been  misinformed  by 
the  guides  in  regard  to  the  distance,  and  had  got  there  much 
later  than  we  expected,  it  was  impossible  to  make  the  pro- 
jected disposition  of  a  party  of  men  for  the  attack  on  each 
fire ;  but  that  it  was  impossible  to  continue  another  day  with- 
out being  discovered,  and  that  as  the  night  was  far  advanced, 
there  was  no  time  to  be  lost.  I  therefore  ordered  him  to 
march  directly,  with  loo  Americans,*  200  Highlanders  and  100 
Virginians,  and  to  attack  anything  that  was  found  about  the 
fort.  I  gave  orders  that  no  attention  should  be  paid  to  the 
sentries,  who  probably  would  challenge,  and,  in  case  they  were 
fired  upon  they  were  not  to  return  it  upon  any  account — but 
to  march  on  as  fast  as  possible — and  were  not  to  fire  a  shot  till 
they  were  close  to  the  enemy ;  and  that  after  they  discharged 
their  pieces  they  were  to  use  their  bayonets  without  loading  a 
second  time.  I  told  the  Major  that  I  would  order  all  our  drums 
and  pipes  to  beat  the  retreat  when  it  was  time  for  the  troops 
to  relieve,  that  I  was  indifferent  what  order  they  came  back  in, 
that  it  was  the  same  thing  to  me  if  there  was  not  three  of  them 
together,  provided  they  did  the  business  they  were  sent  upon. 
The  Major  had  not  half  a  mile  to  march  into  the  open  plain 
where  the  fort  stands,  the  400  men  under  his  command  had  a 
white  shirt  over  his  clothes  to  prevent  mistakes  and  that  they 
might  even  at  a  distance  distinguish  one  another.  I  saw  the 
Americans  and  Highlanders  march  off  and  gave  directions  that 
the  Virginians  should  fall  in  in  the  rear.     Sending  a  greater 

*  Royal  Americans,  60th  Regiment. 


'¥ 


/ 


66 


(iRANT  S   DEFEAT. 


number  of  men  might  possibly,  I  thought,  occasion  confusion, 
and  I  was  of  opinion  that  4CXD  men  were  quite  sufficient  to 
carry  the  service  into  execution.  I  was  absohitely  certain  we 
were  not  discovered  when  the  troops  marched  from  the  hill. 
I  thought  our  loss  must  be  inconsiderable,  and  never  doubted 
but  that  everything  would  succeed  beyond  our  most  sanguine 
expectations. 

After  posting  the  remaining  part  of  the  troops  in  the  best 
manner  I  could,  I  placed  myself  and  the  drums  and  pipes  at  the 
head  of  the  Highlanders  who  were  in  the  centre  and  exactly 
opposite  the  fort.  During  the  operation  the  time  passed.  The 
day  advanced  fast  upon  us,  I  was  turning  uneasy  at  not  hear- 
ing the  attack  begin,  when  to  my  great  astonishment  Major 
Lewis  came  up  and  told  me  "  that  it  was  impossible  to  do 
any  thing,  that  the  night  was  dark,  that  the  road  was  bad, 
worse  than  anything  I  had  ever  seen,  that  there  were  logs  of 
wood  across  it,  that  there  were  fences  to  pass,  that  the  troops 
had  fallen  into  confusion  and  that  it  was  a  mercy  they  had 
not  fired  upon  one  another,  that  they  had  made  so  much  noise 
he  was  sure  they  must  be  discovered  and  that  it  was  impos- 
sible for  the  men  to  find  their  way  back  through  those  woods." 
These  were  really  the  words  he  made  use  of ;  this  behaviour 
in  an  officer  was  new  to  me  ;  his  conduct  in  overturning  a  long 
projected  scheme  and  in  disobeying  such  positive  orders  was 
so  unaccountable  that  I  could  not  speak  to  him  with  common 
patience,  so  that  I  just  made  answer  to  his  last  words,  that 
the  men  according  to  the  orders  that  had  been  given  would 
have  found  their  way  back  to  the  drums  when  the  retreat  beat. 
So  I  left  him  and  went  as  fast  as  I  could  to  Lieutenant  Mc- 
Kenzie  and  Mr.  Fisher  to  see  what  the  matter  was  and  to 
give  directions  for  the  attack  if  the  thing  was  practicable.  I 
found  the  troops  in  the  greatest  confusion  I  ever  saw  men 
in,  which  in  truth   was  not  surprising,  for  the  Major  had 


..^^^J-^■.|Jfc.<l»Ji»»■.JL^A^g■.^.^^^■^^ 


*  *"J*-'»'mw    MMiM  ♦»''nF"y»-«*-**' 


•  •»■*»♦*«*( 


CAMPAIGN    OK    1758. 


67 


brought  them  back  from  the  plain  when  he  i  eturned  himself 
and  everybody  then  took  a  road  of  their  own.  I  found  it 
was  impossible  to  think  of  forming  them  for  an  attack,  and 
the  morning  was  too  far  advanced  to  send  for  the  other 
troops  from  the  other  places  where  they  were  posted  ;  thus  I 
was  reduced,  after  all  my  hopes  of  success,  to  this  melancholy 
situation.  That  something  at  least  might  be  attempted,  I  seni 
Lieutenants  Robinson  and  McDonald  with  fifty  men,  to  make 
an  attack  at  a  place  where  two  or  three  fires  had  been  seen 
the  night  before.  I  desired  them  to  kill  a  dozen  of  Indians 
if  possible,  and  I  would  be  satisfied.  They  went  directly  to 
the  place  they  were  ordered,  and  finding  none  of  the  Indians 
they  set  fire  to  the  house,  but  it  was  day-light  before  they 
could  return.  I  mention  this  last  circum.stance  that  it  might 
appear  clearly  to  you,  it  was  not  in  my  power  to  send  a 
greater  number.  The  surprise  was  complete,  the  governor 
knew  nothing  of  us  or  our  march,  and  in  all  probability  the 
enterprise  must  have  succeeded  against  the  camp  as  well  as 
against  the  Indians  if  the  attempt  had  been  made.  So 
favorable  an  opportunity,  I  dare  say,  never  was  lost. 

The  difficulties  which  Major  Lewis  had  represented  to  me 
to  be  insurmountable,  appeared  to  me,  as  they  certainly  were, 
absolutely  imaginary.  I  marched  above  twelve  miles  that 
night,  with  an  advanced  guard  and  flanking  parties  before  it 
without  the  least  confusion.  The  Major  had  not  a  mile  to 
march  to  the  fort,  and  above  two-thirds  of  that  was  in  an  open 
plain,  and  I  can  safely  declare  that  there  is  no  part  of  the 
road  in  getting  into  the  plain  worse  than  what  I  had  passed 
without  any  great  difficulty  in  coming  up  the  hill.  I  made 
no  secret  to  the  people  who  were  then  about  me  that  I  was 
so  much  dissatisfied  with  the  Major's  conduct  that  I  was 
determined  to  carry  him  back  to  camp  in  arrest,  that  he 
might  answer  to  you  for  his  behaviour.     Several   officers 


68 


GRANT  S   DEFEAT. 


heard  me  say  so.  Mr.  Bentinck,  if  he  escaped,  has  no  doubt 
informed  you  that  such  was  my  intention.  However,  I  did 
not  think  it  advisable  to  take  any  step  of  that  kind  till  we 
were  out  of  reach  of  the  enemy.  I  therefore  sent  Major 
Lewis  the  14th,  at  break  of  day,  with  the  Americans  and 
Virginians  to  reinforce  Captain  Bullet,  whom  I  had  left  with 
about  fifty  men  as  a  guard  upon  our  horses  and  provisions 
within  two  miles  of  the  fort,  directly  upon  the  road  by  which 
we  were  to  return  to  our  camp.  I  was  afraid  the  enemy 
might  possibly  send  a  detachment  that  way  to  take  possession 
of  some  passes  to  harass  us  in  our  march  or  perhaps  to 
endeavor  to  cut  us  off  in  case  we  were  forced  to  make  a 
retreat,  and  I  directed  the  Major  to  place  these  troops  in 
ambuscade  that  he  might  have  all  the  advantage  possible  of 
any  party  that  could  be  sent  out.  About  7  in  the  morning, 
after  the  fog  was  gone  and  the  day  cleared  up,  it  was  found 
impossible  to  take  a  plan  of  the  fort  from  the  height  where 
the  troops  were  posted,  and  as  Colonel  Bouquet  and  I  had 
settled  that  a  plan  should  be  taken  "a  la  barke  de  la  Garrise  " 
in  case  an  attempt  did  not  succeed  in  the  night. 

I  sent  Mr.  Rhor  with  Captain  McDonald  and  a  hundred 
men  to  take  the  place,  with  directions  not  to  expose  himself 
or  the  troops.  About  the  same  time,  being  informed  that 
some  of  the  enemy  Indians  had  discovered  Captain  McKinzie, 
who  was  posted  upon  the  left,  almost  facing  the  Monongehela, 
in  order  to  put  on  a  good  countenance  and  to  convince  our 
men  they  had  no  reason  to  be  afraid,  I  gave  directions  to 
our  drums  to  beat  the  Reveille.  The  troops  were  in  an  advan- 
tageous post,  and  I  must  own  I  thought  we  had  nothing  to 
fear.  In  abouf;  half  an  hour  after,  the  enemy  came  from  the 
fort  in  different  parties  without  much  order,  and  getting  be- 
hind trees,  they  advanced  briskly  and  attacked  our  left,  where 
there  were  250  men.  Captain  McDonald  and  Lieutenant 
Campbell   were    soon    killed.    Lieutenant    McDonald    was 


» 3  *o^/A4£ir: .  t;::^  '^''^-a 


CAMPAIGN   OF    1758. 


69 


woundeu  at  the  same  time,  and  our  people  being  overpowered 
gave  way  where  those  officers  had  been  killed.  I  did  all  in 
my  power  to  keep  things  in  order,  but  to  no  purpose ;  the  lOO 
Pennsylvanians  who  were  posted  upon  the  right  at  the  great- 
est distance  from  the  enemy,  went  off  without  orders,  without 
firj.ig  a  shot ;  in  short,  in  less  than  half  an  hour  all  was  in 
confusion,  and  as  soon  as  that  happened  we  were  fired  upon 
from  every  quarter. 

I  endeavored  to  rally  the  troops  upon  every  rising  ground, 
and  I  did  all  in  my  power  in  that  melancholy  situation  to 
make  the  best  retreat  I  could.  I  sent  an  officer  to  Major 
Lewis  to  make  the  best  disposition  he  could  with  the  Ameri- 
cans and  Virginians  till  I  could  come  up,  and  I  was  in  hopes 
to  be  able  to  make  a  stand  there  and  at  least  to  make  a  toler- 
able retreat.  Unfortunately,  upon  hearing  the  firing  the 
Major  thought  the  best  thing  that  could  be  done  was  to  march 
to  our  assistance,  unluckily  they  did  not  take  the  same  road 
by  which  I  marched  the  night  before  and  by  which  they  had 
passed  that  morning,  and  as  I  retired  the  same  way  I  had 
advanced,  I  never  saw  them  when  I  found  Captain  Bullet  and 
his  fifty  men  alone.  I  could  not  help  saying  to  him  that  I 
was  undone.  However,  though  there  was  little  or  rather  no 
hopes  left,  I  was  resolved  to  do  the  best  I  could,  and  whenever 
I  could  get  any  body  to  stay  with  me  made  a  stand,  sometimes 
with  100  and  sometimes  with  50,  just  as  the  men  thought 
proper,  for  orders  were  to  no  purpose.  Fear  had  then  got 
the  better  of  every  other  passion,  and  I  hope  I  shall  never  see 
again  such  a  pannick  among  troops — till  then  I  had  no  concep- 
tion of  it. 

At  last,  inclining  to  the  left  with  about  fifty  men,  where  I 
was  told  a  number  of  the  Americans  and  Highlanders  had 
gone,  my  party  diminished  insensibly,  every  soldier  taking 
the  road  he  liked  best,  and  I  found  myself  with  not  above  a 
dozen  of  men  and  an  officer  of  the  Pennsylvanians  who  had 


irt"  I « ■**  *»*  C  ♦  5  *'»V»J  2_ 


70 


GRANT  S   DEFEAT. 


i^ 


been  left  with  Captain  Bullet.  Surrounded  on  all  sides  by 
the  Indians,  and  when  I  expected  every  instant  to  be  cut  to 
pieces,  without  a  possibility  of  escaping,  a  body  of  the 
French  with  a  number  of  their  officers  came  up  and  offered  me 
quarters,  which  I  accepted  of.  I  was  then  within  a  short 
league  of  the  fort ;  it  was  then  about  1 1  o'clock,  and,  as  far 
as  I  can  judge,  about  that  time  the  French  troops  were  called 
back  and  the  pursuit  ended.  What  our  loss  is,  you  best 
know,  but  it  must  be  considerable.  Captains  McDonald  and 
Munroe,  Lieutenants  Alex.  McKenzie,  Collin  Campbell  and 
Wm.  McKenzie,  Lieutenants  Rider  and  Ensign  Jenkins  and 
Wollar  are  prisoners.  Ensign  J.  McDonald  is  prisoner  with 
the  Indians ;  from  what  I  hear  they  have  got  two  other  of- 
ficers, whose  names  or  corps  I  know  not.  Mr.  Rhor  and  the 
officer  who  conducted  the  Indians  were  killed.  Major 
Lewis  and  Captain  McKenzie  are  prisoners.  I  am  not 
certain  that  Lieutenant  McKenzie  was  killed,  but  I  have  seen 
his  commission,  which  makes  it  very  probable.  I  spoke  to 
Lieutenant  McDonald,  Senior,  after  he  was  wounded,  and  I 
think  he  could  hardly  make  his  escape.  I  wish  I  may  be 
mistaken.  This  is  the  best  account  I  can  give  you  of  our 
unlucky  affair.  I  endeavoured  to  execute  the  orders  which  I 
had  received  to  the  l^est  of  my  power ;  as  I  have  been  un- 
fortunate, the  world  may  possibly  find  fault  in  my  conduct. 
I  flatter  myself  that  you  will  not.  I  may  have  committed 
mistakes  without  knowing  them,  but  if  I  was  sensible  of  them 
I  most  certainly  should  tell  you  in  what  I  thought  I  had  done 
wrong.  I  am  willing  to  flatter  myself  that  my  being  a  pris- 
oner will  be  no  detriment  to  my  promotion  in  case  vacancies 
should  happen  in  the  army,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
proper  steps  will  be  taken  to  get  me  exchanged  as  soon  as 
possible. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servant. 


CAMPAIGN   OK    I758. 


71 


P.  S. — As  Major  Lewis  is  prisoner,  I  thought  it  was  right 
to  read  to  him  that  part  of  this  letter  which  particularly  con- 
cerns him.  He  says  when  he  came  back  to  speak  to  me, 
that  he  gave  no  orders  for  the  troops  to  retire  from  the  plain. 
That  Captain  Saunder,  who  was  the  next  officer  to  him,  can 
best  account  for  that  step  ;  for  they  did  retire,  and  I  took  it 
for  granted  that  it  was  by  the  Major's  orders,  till  he  assured 
me  of  the  contrary.  Mr.  Jenkins,  of  the  Americans,  is  a 
pretty  young  lad,  and  has  spirit.  He  is  the  oldest  ensign, 
and  is  much  afraid  that  being  a  prisoner  will  be  a  detri- 
ment to  his  promotion.  He  begs  that  I  may  mention  him  to 
you,  and  I  could  not  think  of  refusing  him. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  TO  COLONEL  BOUQUET. 

(No  Endorsement  or  Address.) 

Raestown,  September  23,  1758, 
Sir: — Your  letter  of  the  17th,  from  Loyal  Hanning,  I 
read  with  no  less  surprise  than  real  concern,  as  indeed  I 
could  not  well  believe  that  such  an  attempt  would  have  been 
carried  into  execution  without  my  previous  knowledge  and 
concurrence,  as  you  well  know  my  opinion,  and  dread  of  the 
consequences  of  running  any  risque  of  the  troops  meeting 
with  the  smallest  check.  As  well  as  my  fears  of  alienating 
and  altering  the  disposition  of  the  Indians,  at  this  critical 
time,  who  (tho'  fickle  and  wavering),  yet  were  seemingly 
well  disposed  to  embrace  our  alliance  and  protection.  But 
I  need  not  recapitulate  to  you  my  many  good  reasons  against 
any  attempt  of  this  kind  being  made  at  this  time ;  nor  repeat 
to  you  how  happy  your  assurances  made  me,  of  all  my  orders 
and  directions  having  been  (and  would  be)  complyed  with. 


GRANT  S    UEFKAT. 


■ 


For  which  I  rested  secure,  and  plumed  myself  in  our  good 
fortune,  in  having  the  head  of  our  army  advanced,  as  it  were, 
to  the  beard  of  the  enemy,  and  secured  in  a  good  post  well 
guarded  and  cautioned  against  surprise.  Our  roads  almost 
completed ;  our  provisions  all  upon  wheels,  and  all  this  with- 
out any  loss  on  our  side,  and  our  small  army  all  ready  to  join 
and  act  in  a  collected  body  whenever  we  pleased  to  attack  the 
enemy,  or  that  any  favourable  opportunity  presented  itself 
to  us. 

Thus  the  breaking  in  upon — not  to  say  disappointments  of 
— our  hitherto  so  fair  and  flattering  hopes  of  success  touches 
most  sensibly.  How  far  we  shall  find  the  bad  effects  of  it,  I 
shall  not  pretend  to  say.  At  present  I  shall  suspend  judging, 
altho'  I  have  languished  for  the  officer  you  promised  to  send 
me  down — whom  I  have  expected  hourly — and  a  letter  from 
you  of  your  present  situation,  with  the  state  of  the  posts,  and 
the  strength  at  them,  that  the  escorts  may  be  proportioned. 
I  acquainted  you  of  the  state  of  our  provisions,  and  the  hopes 
I  have  of  being  immediately  supplied  with  i,ooo  barrels  of 
pork  and  at  least  1,200  barrels  of  flour,  all  of  which,  by  this 
time,  is  actually  upon  its  march,  and  will  arrive  here  daily. 
So,  I  shall  forward  it  as  fast  as  I  can,  altho'  large  convoys  and 
escorts  are  very  inconvenient.  The  description  of  the  roads  is 
so  various  aiid  disagreeable  that  I  do  not  know  what  to  think 
or  say.  Lieutenant  Evans  came  down  here  the  other  day,  and 
described  the  Laurell  Hill  as,  at  present,  impracticable,  but 
said  he  could  mend  it  with  the  assistance  of  500  men,  fas- 
cines and  fagots,  in  one  day's  time. 

Col.  Stephens  writes  Col.  Washington  that  he  is  told  by 
everybody  that  the  road  from  Loyal  Hannon  to  the  Ohio  and 
the  French  fort  is  now  impracticable.  For  what  reason,  or 
why,  he  writes  thus  I  do  not  know  ;  but  I  see  Col.  Washington 
and  my  friend.  Col.  Byrd,  would  rather  be  glad  this  was  true 


CAMFAIC.N   OK    1758. 


73 


than  otherways,  seeing  the  other  road  (their  favourite  scheme) 
was  not  followed  out.  I  told  them  plainly  that,  whatever  they 
thought,  yet  I  did  aver  that,  in  our  prosecuting  the  present 
road,  we  had  proceeded  from  the  best  intelligence  that  could 
be  got  for  the  good  and  convenience  of  the  army,  without  any 
views  to  oblige  any  one  province  or  another  ;  and  added  that 
those  two  gentlemen  were  the  only  people  that  I  had  me^- 
with  who  had  shewed  their  weakness  in  their  attachment 
to  the  province  they  belong  to,  by  declaring  so  publickly  in 
favour  of  one  road  without  their  knowing  anything  of  the 
other,  having  never  heard  from  any  Pennsylvania  person  one 
word  about  the  road  ;  and  that,  as  for  myself,  I  could  safely 
say — and  believed  I  might  answer  for  you — that  the  good  of 
the  service  was  the  only  view  we  had  at  heart,  not  valuing  the 
provincial  interest,  jealousys,  or  suspicions,  one  single  two- 
pence ;  and  that,  therefore,  I  could  not  believe  Col.  Stephen's 
descriptions  untill  I  had  heard  from  you,  which  I  hope  you 
will  very  soon  be  able  to  disprove. 

I  fancy  what  I  said  more  on  this  subject  will  cure  them 
from  coming  upon  this  topic  again.  However,  I  beg  you  will 
cause  look  into  the  Laurell  Hill,  and  let  it  be  set  to  rights  as 
fast  as  possible ;  and  let  all  the  different  posts,  and  the  dif- 
ferent convoys  and  escorts,  as  they  pass  along,  repair  the  bad 
steps,  and  keep  the  roads  already  made  in  constant  order. 

I  have  sent  Mr.  Basset  back  the  length  of  Fort  Loudoun, 
in  order  to  divide  the  troops  from  thence  to  Juniata,  in  small 
partys,  all  along  that  road,  who  are  to  set  it  all  to  rights,  and 
keep  it  so  ;  and  as  the  partys  are  all  encamped  within  five  or 
six  miles  one  of  another,  they  serve  as  escorts  to  the  pro- 
visions and  forage  that  is  coming  up,  at  the  same  time.  I  am 
extreamly  sorry  for  your  loss  of  De  Rhorr ;  nor  can  I  well 
conceive  what  I  had  to  do  there.  Mr.  Gordon,  who,  it  seems, 
had  the  direction  of  the  works  here,  left  this  without  leaving 
6 


74 


GRANTS    DEI'EAT. 


the  plan  or  sketch  of  this  place  or  environs,  or  leaving  any 
directions,  as  far  as  I  can  yet  learn,  either  with  the  people 
employed  to  carry  the  general  plan  into  execution,  or  how 
that  they  were  further  to  proceed  ;  and,  notwithstanding  the 
multiplicity  of  working-tools,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  find  a  sufficient 
number  for  helping  the  roads  and  clearing  the  stumps  or 
other  impedin'cnts  about  the  camp  ;  nor  can  I  well  imagine 
what  is  become  of  all  the  rest. 

There  are  two  wounded  Highland  officers  just  now  ar- 
riv'd,  who  give  so  lame  an  account  of  how  matters  proceeded, 
or  any  kind  of  description  of  the  ground,  that  one  can  draw 
nothing  from  them — only  that  my  friend  Grant  had  most  cer- 
tainly lost  the  /m  mon  tdnc,  and,  by  his  thirst  of  fame,  brought 
on  his  own  perdition,  and  run  a  great  risque  of  ours,  which 
was  far  wide  of  the  promises  he  made  me  at  Carlisle,  when 
soliciting  to  command  a  party,  which  I  would  not  agree  to  ; 
and,  very  contrary  to  his  criticisms  upon  Gen.  Abercromby's 
late  affair,  has  unhappily  fallen  into  the  individual  same  error, 
by  his  inconsiderate  and  rash  proceeding. 

I  understand  by  these  officers  that  you  have  withdrawn  the 
troops  from  your  advanced  post,  which  I  attribute  to  its  being 
too  small  for  what  you  intended  it,  or  that  it  did  not  answer 
the  strength  that  you  at  first  described  it  to  me.  I  shall  be 
glad  to  hear  all  your  people  are  in  spirits,  and  keep  so,  and  that 
Loyall  Hannon  will  be  soon  past  any  insult  without  cannon. 
I  shall  be  soon  afraid  to  crowd  you  with  provisions,  nor  would 
I  wish  to  crowd  the  troops  any  faster  up,  untill  our  maga- 
zines are  thoroughly  formed,  if  you  have  enough  of  troops  for 
your  own  defence  and  compleating  the  roads ;  and  I  see  the 
absolute  necessity  there  is  for  my  stay  here  some  days,  in 
order  to  carry  on  the  transport  of  provisions  and  forage, 
which,  without  my  constant  attention,  would  fail  directly. 
The  road  forward  to  the  Ohio  must  be  reconnoitered  again 


i 


y 

e 

V 

e 


CAMI'AICiN    OK    1758. 


75 


in  order  to  be  sure  of  our  further  progress,  for  it  would  grieve 
me  sadly  that  Mr.  Washington  or  Mr.  liyrd  should  have  any 
reason  to  find  fault  with  that,  which  without  their  knowledge 
they  have  so  publickly  exclaimed  against.  When  you  have 
settled  things  to  your  mind,  I  beg  you  will  write  me,  and  as 
soon  as  you  conveniently  can,  come  down,  were  it  only  for  a 
day,  and  if  Colonel  Armstrong  could  be  spared,  should  be 
glad  he  came  along,  in  order  to  settle  our  further  proceedings, 
and  to  seize  the  first  favourable  opportunity  of  marching 
directly  forwards.  The  artillery  that  is  left  here  I  would 
march  in  two  divisions  to  prevent  a  long  train  of  waggons, 
and  the  tearing  up  the  roads.  The  Congress  at  Eastown  had 
the  most  favourable  appearance,  as  there  was  500  Indians 
already  come  in,  but  what  they  will  now  do,  God  knows.  Pray 
make  up  a  hovell  or  hutt  for  me  at  L.  Hannon  or  any  other 
of  the  posts  with  a  fire  place  if  possible.  Sir  Johii  St.  Clair 
says  that  if  I  say  he  was  in  the  wrong  to  Colonel  Stevens,  he 
will  readily  acknowledge  it.  I  do  not  choose  meddling,  but 
I  think  Colonel  Stevens  might  act,  and  trust  to  Sir  John's 
acknowledgment. 

I  am,  dear  sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

Jo.  FORHES. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  BY  COLONEL  BOUQUET.* 
(Endorsed.) 

LovAL  Hanna,  Sept.  17,  1758. 
Camp  at  Loyal  Hanna,  Sept.  17,  I7S8. 

Sir: — In  the  situation  in  which  you  are,  sick,  etc.,  it  is  with 
double  regret,  that  I  must  inform  you  of   the  misfortune 

*  To  General  Amherst. 


76 


ORANT  S    DEFEAT. 


H         1 


iH 


which  has  happened  to  Major  Grant,  who  after  a  long  engage- 
ment has  been  defeated  on  the  14th  current. 

I  do  not  make  any  apology  for  the  part  which  I  took  in  this 
affair.     I  leave  the  detail  of  facts  to  condemn  or  justify  me. 

The  day  on  which  I  arrived  at  the  camp,  which  was  the  7th, 
it  was  reported  to  me  that  we  were  surrounded  by  parties 
of  Indians,  several  soldiers  having  been  scalped,  or  made 
prisoners. 

Being  obliged  to  have  our  cattle  and  our  honses  in  the 
woods,  our  people  could  not  guard  or  search  for  them,  without 
being  continually  liable  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

Lieutenant  Col.  Dagworthy  and  our  Indians  not  having 
yet  arrived,  I  ordered  two  companies  each  of  a  hundred 
men  to  occupy  the  path  ways  and  try  to  cut  off  the  enemies 
in  their  ambush  and  release  our  prisoners.  These  detach- 
ments being  ready  to  march,  Major  Grant  drew  me  aside  and 
said  that  he  was  surprised  that  I  took  this  method,  after  so 
many  proofs  that  these  little  parties  never  did  anything,  and 
served  to  lose  our  men  and  discourage  our  people ;  but  if  I 
would  give  him  five  hundred  men,  he  would  go  to  the 
fort,  reconnoitre  the  roads  and  the  forces  of  the  enemy, 
which  according  to  all  our  reports  does  not  exceed  six  hundred 
French  and  Indians,  that  this  was  confirmed  by  a  party  which 
had  entered  the  town,  and  that  whatever  detachments 
they  could  make,  they  could  not  send  out  more  than  they 
have,  and  that  by  erecting  an  ambuscade  he  could  take 
prisoners. 

I  made  some  objection  to  letting  him  go,  but  he  insisted, 
and  influenced  by  his  reasons  and  the  situation  in  which  we 
found  ourselves  I  consented  and  countermanded  the  two 
parties  who  were  under  arms.  Having  sent  for  Col.  Burd  and 
Major  Lewis  (Lieut.  Col.  Stephen  being  under  arrest  I  told 
his  Major  to   inform  him   of  the  affair),  I  informed  these 


CAMI'AKIN    OF    1758. 


71 


S 


gentlemen  of  the  proposition  made  by  Major  Grant  to  pro- 
cure for  us  sure  intelligence  which  would  give  us  some  advan- 
tage over  the  Indians,  who  insulted  us  every  day  with  impu- 
nity, and  that  this  would  be  the  way  to  cure  our  men  of  the 
fear  which  they  had  of  them.  Those  who  had  escaped  from 
their  attacks  had  thrown  down  their  arms  that  they  might  fly 
faster. 

I  begged  them  to  give  me  their  opinion  upon  a  project 
of  which  I  had  several  times  spoken  to  Major  Grant  at  Rays- 
town,  which  was  to  attack  during  the  night  the  Indians  who 
camped  around  the  Fort  in  huts,  and  that  the  disposition  could 
be  made  thus:  Lieutenant-Colonel  Dagworthy  (who  should 
arrive  this  evening  or  to-morrow  with  the  Indians)  should 
march  with  900  men  to  the  post,  which  was  known  to  be  10 
miles  distant,  there  construct  an  entrenchment  and  remain 
with  200  men.  The  Major  should  march  with  300  High- 
landers, icx)  R.  A.,  150  Virginians,  100  Marylanders  and  100 
Pennsyia,  and  all  the  Indians  to  the  neighborhood  of  the 
fort,  regulating  their  march  so  as  to  be  five  miles  from 
the  fort  in  the  evening,  with  the  precautions  necessary  to 
prevent  a  surprise ;  and  from  there  he  would  send  the  Indians 
and  such  of  the  officers  as  knew  the  environs  of  the  place  to 
reconnoitre,  and  if  he  found  by  the  appearance  of  the  enemy 
that  he  had  not  been  discovered,  he  would  advance  on  the 
hill,  half  a  mile  from  the  fort,  when  he  would  reconnoitre 
himself  the  fires  of  the  Indians  and  make  his  arrangements 
accordingly.  In  case  he  saw  them  around  their  fires,  he 
should  send  parties  of  his  detachment  with  white  shirts  over 
their  clothes  to  attack  them  soon  after  midnight,  the  bayonets 
on  the  guns  and  only  fire  in  extremity,  it  not  being  duncult 
to  surprise  them,  as  they  do  not  keep  sentinels.  This  coup, 
made  or  missed,  he  should  beat  a  retreat  to  the  height, 
where  they  should  stop  with  the  rest  of  the  troops  and  the 


.';;."-.^ . » ,  --^-  ^  ..  *■> 


78 


GRANT  S   DEFEAT. 


Indians,  and  as  soon  as  his  people,  directed  by  the  sound, 
should  have  joined  him,  he  should  immediately  retire  six 
miles  from  the  fort  before  day,  and  there  form  an  ambuscade 
of  all  his  men  and  the  Indians,  in  case  the  enemy  should 
follow,  leaving  a  small  company  round  the  post  to  observe 
their  movements  and  inform  him  of  them.  If  he  should 
conquer  them  at  the  ambuscade  he  could  then  return  safely 
to  the  fort  to  take  a  plan  of  it  and  reconnoitre  the  environs. 
But  if  by  his  spies  or  himself  he  finds  that  he  was  discovered, 
he  should  only  think  of  retiring.  This  is  the  plan  that  was 
proposed,  anc.  lO  execute  it  preparations  were  made  the  next 
day. 

On  the  9th  he  departed,  and  I  joined  him  on  the  loth  at 
the  post,  where  Lieutenant-Colonel  Dagworthy  should  have 
stopped.  I  remained  here  all  night,  and  saw  him  depart  on 
the  nth  with  his  detachment  in  good  order.  This  post  being 
nearly  ready  for  defence,  1  returned  to  the  camp.  Instead 
of  iliis  plan,  which  did  not  compel  him  to  fight,  or  which 
g.je  him  in  that  case  every  advantage  of  disposition,  and 
choice  of  Tound  with  all  his  vroops  together,  here  is  what  he 
appears  to  have  done:  Having  arrived  at  tho  height  only 
one  fire  was  seen,  but  Ensign  Chew,  who  had  reconnoitered, 
said  that  all  the  Indians  lay  in  the  block  houses,  which  were 
easy  to  force.  He  sent  there  Major  Lewis  with  4CX)  men ; 
some  confusion  being  among  the  troops  he  feared  he  had 
been  discovered  and  returned  to  join  Major  Grant,  who  sent 
there  at  once  two  companies  of  Highlanders.  They  visited 
the  block  houses,  and  found  no  one.  They  put  out  the  fire 
and  returned.  The  Major,  according  to  his  orders,  should 
have  retired,  but  unfortunately  he  thought  that  the  ganison 
was  too  weak  to  dare  risk  a  sortie,  and  in  consequence 
he  remained  on  the  height  untill  morning.  He  then 
beat  the  reveille  in  different  places,  and  ordered  Major  Lewis 


1 


CAMPAIGN   OF    I758. 


79 


to  place  himself  in  ambuscade  with  the  baggage  and  lOO 
R.  A.,  150  Virginians,  200  Highlanders,  100  'Maryl'  and 
100  Penns.  ivere  placed  on  the  heights,  and  he  sent  Captain 
McDonald  \/ith  100  Highlanders,  drums  beating,  straight  to 
the  fort.  Some  one  had  seen  a  party  leave  the  garrison 
as  though  they  would  cut  off  the  retreat.  Hardly  had 
McDonald  gone  half  the  distance,  when  he  heard  the  whoop 
of  the  Indians,  followed  immediately  by  a  sortie  of  nearly 
300  French  and  Indians,  who  fell  upon  them.  He  killed  so 
many  of  these  people  at  his  first  fire  that  they  turned  aside 
and  surrounded  him.  He  pierced  through  them,  where  he  was 
killed.  The  companies  of  Monro  and  McKenzie,  who  de 
scended  to  their  assistance,  were  put  in  disorder  and  the  Cap- 
tain killed.  As  the  enemy  continually  received  reinforce- 
ments, all  the  troops  were  soon  engaged,  and  the  fire  sustained 
a  long  time  after  our  men  yielded.  Major  Lewis,  who  was 
distant  about  two  miles,  heard  the  firing,  urged  by  his  officers 
and  the  soldiers,  quit  his  post  to  go  to  their  assistance.  He 
arrived  just  at  the  moment  our  men  retired  in  disorder 
towards  his  post.  He  had  gained  a  height  which  had  put  his 
men  out  of  breath,  and,  stopping,  they  found  themselves 
under  fire  of  the  enemy.  The  action  was,  nevertheless,  still 
very  lively  and  for  a  long  time  disputed.  At  last  our  men 
yielded,  and  there  remained  only  a  scene  of  confusion,  not- 
withstanding all  the  efforts  of  Major  Grant  to  rally  them. 
They  would  have  been  cut  to  pieces  probably  had  not  Captain 
Bullet  of  the  Virginians,  with  100  men,  sustained  the  combat 
with  all  their  power,  until,  having  lost  two-thirds  of  his  men, 
he  was  driven  to  the  shore  of  the  river,  wh'iro  he  found  the 
poor  Major.  He  urged  him  to  retire,  but  he  said  he  would 
not  quit  the  field  of  battle  as  long  as  there  was  a  man  who 
would  fight.  My  heart  is  broke  (said  he)  I  shall  never  outlive 
this  day.    They  were  soon  surrounded,  and  the  Frenchmen, 


iil 


'-   li-re4i. 


■*«•*-.*-*       If  t 


„»-  — -  4  *  r^*  .•._.**•■•*•   »^     ~  » 


»--n  «.-...^>, 


1 


80 


(iRANT  S    OEFEAT. 


calling  him  by  his  name,  offered  quarter.  He  would  not 
accept  it.  They  would  not  fire  on  him,  wishing  to  ta^e  him 
prisoner.  Captain  Bullet  continued  firing.  At  last  they  also 
fired  and  drove  his  party  into  the  Ohio,  where  a  great  number 
were  drowned.  Bullet  escaped,  but  I  have  no  news  of  the 
Major. 

At  the  first  news  of  his  misfortune  I  sent  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Stephen  with  300  men  to  join  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Dagworthy  to  cover  their  retreat.  The  Indians  did  not 
pursue  them  far.  Our  post  misses  some  oflficers  and  it  lacks 
yet  270  men.  Many  have  crossed  the  river,  and  it  is  thought 
many  will  escape.  Our  Catawbas  did  not  fire  and  the  Tusca- 
raras  and  Nottaways  did  very  well. 

It  appears  from  the  testimony  of  the  Indians  and  of  our 
men  that  the  French  have  lost  many  men,  mostly  Indians. 
The  French  did  not  try  to  kill  but  to  make  prisoners,  and  it 
seems  for  the  first  time  they  shewed  humanity,  which  makes 
me  hope  that  the  Major  and  several  others  of  the  officers 
whom  we  miss  are  saved. 

I  have  written  to  Colonel  Washington  to  march  to  Rays 
Town,  leaving  100  men  at  Cumberland,  until  the  arrival  of  the 
militia  of  Maryland.  This  reinforcement  is  necessary  to 
secure  to  our  convoys  communication.  Contrary  to  my  ex- 
pectations the  troops  do  not  appear  depressed  by  this  check, 
and  if  all  was  ready  elsewhere,  they  would  be  more  ready  than 
ever  to  go  to  the  front.  Reports  of  an  action  in  the  woods 
are  so  confused  that  I  cannot  render  you  an  exact  account  of 
what  happened  there,  but  I  will  send  to  you  an  officer  as  soon 
as  I  know  what  is  best  to  do.  Many  of  the  arms  are  broken, 
some  lost.  We  must  have  others  to  replace  them.  We  are 
assured  that  the  Delawares  and  the  Shawnees  were  against 
us,  and  among  the  men  taken  and  scalped  around  the  camp  is 
a  German  who  came,  it  is  said,  from  Ohio,  and  who,  I  suppose. 


CAMPAKiN   OF    I/SS. 


Bi 


was  sent  by  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  The  enemy  had 
received  a  considerable  reinforcement  the  evening  of  the 
action.  The  account  of  their  number  varies  from  5000  to 
1200.  There  was  discovered  on  the  island  a  camp  with  more 
than  100  tents.  For  the  state  of  the  roads  and  the  fort  I 
refer  you  to  the  report  which  the  officer  will  deliver  to  you. 
The  post  is  much  more  considerable  than  we  had  thought 
and  many  new  works  have  been  added.  We  have  not  seen  an 
Indian  for  eight  days,  we  think  that  after  this  success  it  will 
be  difficult  for  the  French  to  keep  them.  I  will  send  a  letter 
to  the  Governor  to  make  known  the  fate  of  those  who  are 
missing. 

The  Provincials  appear  to  have  doric  well  and  their  good 
men  are  better  in  this  war  than  the  regular  troops. 

I  will  not  add  any  reflections  on  this  affair,  they  are  too 
unpleasant.  If  the  French  wish  to  attack  us  in  their  turn, 
we  will  be  in  two  days  ready  to  receive  them,  being  all  reunited 
at  this  post. 

I  have  the  honor,  to  be.  Sir, 

Your  very  obedt.  servant, 

Henry  Bouquet. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  OF  COL.  BURD  UPON  THE  ATTACKS. 

(On  his  Majesty's  Service.) 

Camp  at  Loyal  Hannon,  October  12,  1758. 
To  Col.  Bouquet  at  Stoncy  Creek  on  the  Laurcll  Hill : 

Dear  Sir: — I  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  your  favours  of 
this  date  this  evening  at  7  p.m.  I  shall  be  glad  to  see  you.  I 
send  you,  through  Lieut. -Coll.  Lloyd  (who  marches  to  you 
with  200  men),  the  100  falling  axes,  etc.,  you  desire. 


'7 


ik 


GRANT  S    DEFEAT. 


1.      \ 


This  day,  at  ii  a.m.,  the  enemy  fired  twelve  guns  to  the 
southwest  of  us,  upon  which  I  sent  out  two  partys  to  sur- 
round them  ;  but  instantly  the  firing  increased,  upon  which  I 
sent  out  a  larger  party  of  500  men.  They  were  forced  to  the 
camp,  and  immediately  a  regular  attack  ensued,  which  lasted 
a  long  time ;  I  think  about  two  hours.  But  we  had  the 
pleasure  to  do  that  honour  to  his  majesty's  arms,  to  keep  his 
camp  at  Loyal  Hannon.  I  can't  inform  you  of  our  loss,  nor 
that  of  the  enemy.  Must  refer  you  for  the  particulars  to 
Lieut. -Col.  Lloyd.  One  of  their  .soldiers,  which  we  have 
mortally  wounded,  says  they  were  1200  strong  and  200 
Indian.s,  but  I  can  ascertain  nothing  of  this  further.  I  have 
drove  them  off  the  field  ;  but  I  don't  doubt  of  a  second  attack. 
If  they  do  I  am  ready. 

Being  most  sincerely, 
My  dear  sir, 

•  Your  most  sincere  friend  and 
Obe't  humble  serv't, 

James  Burd. 

[Since  writing  we  have  been  fired  upon.] 

Col.  Bouquet. 

[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

[The  address  torn  aii<ay  all  but  the  xvord  "Rays  Tcnvn."] 

Rays  Dudgkox,  October  13,  1758,  10  i'.m. 
Sir: — After  having  written  to  you  this  morning,  1  went  to 
reconnoitre  Laurel  1  Hill,  with  a  party  of  eighty  men,  some 
firing  of  guns  around  us  made  me  suspect  that  it  was  the  sig- 
nal of  an  enemy's  party.  I  sent  to  find  out,  and  one  of  our 
party  having  perceived  the  Indians,  fired  on  them.  We  con- 
tinued our  march  and  have  found  a  very  good  road  for  ascend- 


CAMPAKiN   OF    1 758. 


BS 


ing  the  mountain,  although  very  stony  in  two  places.     The 
old  road  is  absolutely  impracticable. 

I  have  had  this  afternoon  a  second  letter  from  Colonel  Burd. 
The  enemies  have  beei>.  all  night  around  the  entrenchements, 
and  have  made  several  false  attacks.  The  cannon  u-^d  the 
cobortes*  have  held  them  in  awe,  and  until  the  Colonel  had  sent 
to  reconnoitre  the  environs,  he  was  not  sure  that  they  had 
retired.  At  this  moment  is  heard  from  the  mountains  several 
cannon  shots  which  makes  me  judge  that  the  enemies  have  not 
yet  abandoned  the  party,  and  at  all  events  I  am  going  to 
attempt  to  re-enter  this  post  before  day.  The  200  men 
which  Colonel  Burd  sent  to  me,  have  eaten  nothing  for  two 
days.  I  received  this  moment  provisions  from  Stoney  Creek 
and  will  depart  in  two  hours. 

I  have  not  got  any  report  of  our  loss,  two  officers  from 
Maryland  have  been  killed,  and  one  wounded.  Duncannon 
of  Virginia  mortally  wounded,  also  one  officer  of  the  first  Bat- 
talion of  Pennsylvania,  and  nearly  fifty  men. 

The  loss  of  the  enemy  must  be  considerable  to  judge  by 
the  reports  of  our  men  and  the  fire  which  they  have  clearly 
wrsted.  Without  this  cursed  rain  we  would  have  arrived  in 
cime  with  the  artillery  and  200  men,  and  I  believe  it  would 
have  made  a  difference. 

As  soon  as  it  is  possible,  I  will  send  you  word  how  we  are. 
Be  at  rest  about  the  post.  I  have  left  it  in  a  state  to  defend 
itself  against  all  attacks  without  cannon,  and  I  learn  that  they 
have  finished  all  that  remains  to  be  done. 

I  am  with  entire  devotion.  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

Henry  Bouq'jei. 


*  Troop  of  500  fort  soldiers. 


5 


m 


^il 


BOUQUET  PAPERS. 


S.  EcuYER,  Commandant  at  Fort  Pitt,  1763. 


JOURNAL,  letters  AND  ORDERLY  BOOK  AND 
A  LETTER  EROM  GENERAL  BOUQUET. 


Fort  Pitt,  May  14,  1763. 

A  number  of  Six  Nation  Indians  that  lived  about  90  (miles 
distant  on  the)  Ohio  below  this,  came  up  and  settled  at  Pine 
Creek  and  began  to  (plant  corn). 

17th,  Their  chiefs  collected  a  number  of  horses  their  young 
men  had  stolen  and  delivered  them  up.  From  this  to  the 
26th  they  continued  planting  their  corn. 

27th,  Two  men  that  went  up  the  Ohio  about  7  miles,  to 
where  the  Munsies  were  settled,  returned  and  informed  me 
that  all  the  Indians  the  night  before  had  removed  from  their 
towns  and  carried  everything  with  them,  leaving  their  corn- 
fields open :  this  made  us  suspect  that  some  mischief  about 
here  was  immediately  intended.  A  number  of  Delawares  with 
a  large  quantity  of  skins  came  in  and  dealt  them  ;  the  uncom- 
mon dispatch  and  indifference  of  what  they  took  for  them, 
and  their  chief  seeming  to  press  Mr.  McKee  to  go  down  the 
country  and  not  to  stay  above  four  days,  still  gave  us  more 
suspicion  of  the  Indian  designs  and  caused  the  inhabitants  to 
arm  themselves. 

28th,  Two  Shawnese  came  in  fro-    hunting. 

2gth,  At  break  of  day  this  morning  three  men  came  in  from 

(84) 


i^^:jl»*i:V-*tfmXiA.'  «■  »■, *w^» o»».4te»>t 


Ft  Presqist» 


tt  Lelimf 


K-^' 


I 
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I 


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»,  l.-ii;s*fi. 


1      I 


lli>il»^llll»»il»<l<«*  ■■■  II 


.■i*t~5S>!-, 


l\ 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    PITT,    I763.  85 

Colonel  Clapham's,  who  was  settled  at  the  Sevvickly  old  town, 
about  25  miles  from  here,  on  the  Youghyogane  river,  with  an 
account  that  Colonel  Clapham,  with  one  of  his  men,  two 
women  and  a  child  were  murdered  by  Wolfe  and  some  other 
Delaware  Indians,  about  2  o'clock  the  day  before.  The 
27th  Wolfe,  with  some  others  robbed  one  Mr.  Coleman  on 
the  road  between  this  and  Ligonier,  of  upwards  of  50;^.  The 
women  that  were  killed  at  Colonel  Clapham's  were  treated 
in  such  a  brutal  manner  that  decency  forbids  the  mentioning. 
This  evening  we  had  two  soldiers  killed  and  scalped  at  the 
saw-mill. 

May  30th,  All  the  inhabitants  moved  in  to  the  fort.  About 
4  o'clock  one  Coulson  came  in  who  had  been  a  prisoner  (at 
the  lower)  Shawnese  town,  and  gave  the  following  account. 
We  came  to  the  town  with  some  traders,  where  an  Indian 
arrived  from  the  Lakes  (with  a)  belt  to  acquaint  the  Dela- 
warcs  that  Detroit  was  taken,  the  post  at  Sundusky  burnt, 
and  all  the  garrison  put  to  death,  except  the  officer  whom 
they  made  prisoner.  Upon  this  news,  the  Beaver  and  Shin- 
gess  (the  two  Chiefs  of  the  Delawares,  commonly  called  King 
B  and  King  S)  came  and  acquainted  Mr.  Calhoon  (the  trader 
there)  with  it,  and  desired  him  to  move  away  from  there  as 
quick  as  possible,  with  all  his  property,  and  that  they  sent 
three  Indians  to  conduct  him  and  the  rest  of  the  white  people 
safe  to  this  post,  and  yesterday  as  they  were  crossing  Beaver 
Creek,  being  fourteen  in  number,  they  were  fired  on  and  he 
believes  all  were  killed  ;ixcept  himself. 

31st,  Two  of  Mr.  Calhoon's  men  came  in  and  confirmed  the 
above  account.  A  second  express  was  despatched  this  night 
to  the  general. 

June  1st,  Two  men  who  were  sent  off  express  last  night  to 
Venango  returned,  being  fired  on  at  Shanipin's  Town  and 
one  of  them  wounded  in  the  leg.     About  12  o'clock  two  men 


$S  BOUyUKT    I'APERS. 

came  from  Redstone  and  the  same  night  were  sent  back  with 
orders  for  the  Sergeant  to  repair  to  this  post  and  bring  the 
country  people  with  him  with  600  lbs.  powder  that  was  there 
belonging  to  some  traders.  About  6  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 
Mr.  Calhoon  came  in  and  brought  the  following  account 
which  he  took  in  writing  from  the  Indians  at  Tuskarawas. 

Tuskarawas,  May  27,  1763,  11  o'clock  at  night,  King  Bea- 
ver with  Shingess,  Windohala,  Wingenum  and  Daniel  and 
William  Anderson  came  aiul  delivered  me  the  following  in- 
telligence (by  a  string  of  Wampum). 

Brother:  Out  of  regard  to  you  and  the  friendship  that 
formerly  subsisted  between  (our)  grandfathers  and  the  Eng- 
lish, which  has  been  lately  renewed  by  us,  we  come  to  inform 
you  of  the  news  we  had  heard,  which  you  may  depend  upon 
as  true. 

Brother:  All  the  English  that  were  at  Detroit  were  killed 
ten  days  ago,  not  one  left  alive.         ■ 

At  Sandusky  all  the  white  people  there  were  killed  5  days 
ago,  nineteen  in  number,  except  the  officer  who  is  a  prisoner 
and  one  boy  who  made  his  escape,  whom  we  have  not  heard  of. 
At  the  mouth  of  the  Twigtwee  River  (about  80  miles  from 
Sandusky  by  water)  Hugh  Crawford  with  one  boy  was  taken 
prisoner  and  six  men  killed.  At  the  Salt  Licks  five  days  ago 
5  white  men  were  killed,  we  received  the  account  this  day ; 
we  have  seen  a  number  of  tracks  on  the  road  between  this 
and  Sandusky  not  far  off,  which  we  are  sure  is  a  party  coming 
to  cut  you  and  your  people  off,  but  as  we  have  sent  a  man  to 
watch  their  motions,  request  you  may  think  of  nothing  you 
have  here,  but  make  the  best  of  your  way  to  some  place  of 
safety,  as  we  would  not  desire  to  see  you  killed  in  our  town  ; 
be  careful  to  avoid  the  road  and  every  part  where  Indians 
resort. 

Brother:   What  goods  and  other  effects  you  have  here  you 


RBMI 


S.    KCUVKR,    COMMANPANr   AT    KOKT    rilT,    1763. 


87 


need  not  be  uneasy  about  thi  m,  we  assure  you  that  we  will 
take  care  to  keep  them  safe  for  six  months,  perhaps  by  that 
time  we  may  sec  you  or  send  you  word  what  you  may  expect 
from  us  further.  We  know  there  is  one  white  man  at  Gich- 
anga,  don't  be  concerned  for  liini,  we  will  take  care  to  send 
him  safe  home. 

Brother:  We  desire  you  to  tell  George  Croghan  and  all 
your  great  men  (that  they)  must  not  ask  us  any  thing  about 
this  news,  or  what  has  happened,  as  we  are  not  all  concerned 
in  it :  the  nations  that  have  taken  up  the  hatchet  against  you 
are  the  Ottawas  and  Chipawas  and  when  you  first  went  to 
speak  with  these  people  you  did  not  consult  us  upon  it,  there- 
fore we  desire  you  may  not  expect  that  we  are  to  account  for 
any  mischief  they  do,  what  you  would  know  further  about 
this  news  you  must  learn  by  the  same  road  you  just  went,  but 
if  you  will  speak  with  us  you  must  send  one  or  two  men  only, 
and  we  will  hear  them. 

Brother :  We  thought  your  king  had  made  peace  with  us 
and  all  the  Western  Nations  of  Indians,  for  our  part  we  joined 
it  heartily  and  desired  to  hold  it  always  good,  and  you  may 
depend  upon  it  we  will  take  care  not  to  be  readily  cheated  or 
drawn  into  a  war  again,  but  as  we  are  settled  between  you  and 
these  nations  who  have  taken  up  the  hatchet  against  you  we 
desire  you  will  send  no  warriors  this  way  till  we  are  removed 
from  this,  which  we  will  do  as  soon  as  we  conveniently  can  ; 
when  we  will  permit  you  to  pass  without  taking  notice,  till 
then  we  desire  they  may  go  by  the  first  road  you  went. 

Gave  a  String. 


The  following  is  what  Mr,  Calhoon  learned  on  his  journey 
from  one  of  these  three  Indians  who  were  sent  (to  conduct  him) 
safe  there,  viz.  Daniel  before  mentioned  as  one  of  their  chiefs. 
That  Detroit  was  not  really  taken  but  had  been  attacked  by 


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the  Indians  four  days  before  the  messenger  who  brought  the 
account  left  it,  which  Mr.  Calhoon  imagines  must  have  been 
from  about  the  13th  to  the  17th  of  May  and  that  the  Indians 
had  not  then  met  with  much  success,  but  strongly  persisted  in 
carrying  on  the  attack  and  said  they  were  determined  not  (to) 
give  over  till  they  took  it,  and  that  the  English  had  sent  out 
three  Belts  of  Wampum  and  the  French  two,  desiring  them  to 
desist,  which  they  refused.  Mr.  Calhoon  says  that  when  he  and 
his  people  left  Tuskerawas  fourteen  in  number  the  Indians 
refused  to  let  them  bring  their  arms,  telling  them  that  the 
three  Indians  who  were  going  along  with  them  were  sufficient 
to  conduct  them  safe,  and  that  the  next  day  passing  Beaver 
Creek  they  were  fired  upon  by  a  party  of  Indians,  when  their 
guides  immediately  disappeared  without  interfering  for  them, 
and  he  is  convinced  that  they  were  led  by  their  guides  know- 
ingly to  this  party  in  order  to  be  cut  off,  from  which  himself 
with  three  of  his  people  only  have  escaped. 

Mr.  Calhoon  further  says  that  having  lost  his  way  and  fall- 
ing in  upon  the  road  leading  to  Venango,  about  seventy  miles 
above  this  post  he  saw  a  number  of  Indian  tracks,  which  had 
gone  that  way — two  men  were  sent  to  the  General  with  the 
intelligence  received. 

This  morning  an  order  was  issued  by  the  (commander  of 
the  fort),  to  pull  down  and  burn  all  the  out-houses. 

June  2d,  Three  men,  who  were  sent  a  second  time  express 
to  Venango,  returned  after  going  about  twenty  miles,  hav- 
ing fallen  in  with  a  party  of  (Indians).  While  our  people 
were  engaged  to-day  in  burning  the  houses  on  the  hill,  the 
Indians  set  fire  to  Thompson's  house,  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  fort. 

3d  and  4th,  All  the  garrison  were  employed  in  repairing 
and  strengthening  the  fort. 

5th,  2  o'clock  at  night  one  Benjamin  Sutton  came  in,  who 


I 


S.    ECUVEK,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT   PITT,    1 763. 


89 


says  he  left  Redstone  (or  Fort  Burd)  two  days  ago  and  found 
that  place  evacuated,  and  saw  a  number  of  shoe  tracks  going 
towards  Fort  Cumberland  which  he  supposes  was  the  garri- 
son, that  there  was  with  him  there  a  white  man  named  Hicks 
and  an  Indian  named  Kecois,  who  would  have  burnt  the  fort 
had  he  not  persuaded  them  from  it,  that  Hicks  told  him  that 
an  Indian  war  had  broken  out  and  that  he  would  kill  the  white 
people  wherever  he  found  them,  and  went  with  intention  to 
murder  Madcalf's  people,  nine  miles  from  here,  who  had 
removed  some  time  before ;  he  says  they  intended  to  have 
taken  him  prisoner,  but  the  wind  blowing  hard  and  it  growing 
very  dark  when  he  came  nigh  the  fort  he  made  for  it  and  called 
to  the  sentinel.  Hicks  and  the  Indian  went  by  in  their  bark 
canoes. 

6th,  Nothing  extraordinary.    . 

June  7th,  This  morning  Mr.  Wilkins,  with  his  wife  and  one 
child  arrived  here  in  a  day  and  a  half  from  Venango. 

The  following  intelligence  \/hich  arrived  the  day  before 
they  left,  was  brought  by  express  from  Presqu'  Isle : 

That  Lieutenant  Cuyler,  an  officer  of  the  Queen's  Rangers, 
had  arrived  there,  who  informed  us  that  he  had  been  as  far  as 
the  mouth  of  Detroit  River  with  an  escort  of  about  one  hun- 
dred men,  ten  batteaux  and  139  barrels  of  provisions,  where  he 
was  attacked  the  28th  May,  at  1 1  o'clock  at  night,  that  he  had 
2  sergeants,  52  privates,  a  woman  and  a  child  killed,  himself 
with  three  privates  wounded,  two  since  dead  of  their  wounds, 
that  he  saved  only  two  batteaux  with  five  barrels  of  pork,  that 
he  then  retreated  to  the  Fort  Sandusky,  which  place  he  found 
destroyed,  and  from  thence  he  made  the  best  of  his  way  to 
Presqu'  Isle  where  arrived;  he  also  says  that  Lieutenant 
Schlosser's  post  was  destroyed  and  the  garrison  cut  off.  A 
number  of  canoes  were  brought  and  left  in  the  night  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Monongehela  River,  opposite  to  the  fort. 

7 


90 


BOUQUET   PAI'ERS. 


9th,  By  a  great  smoke  which  rose  up  the  river,  we  suppose 
the  enemy  has  burnt  Mr.  Croghan's  house,  the  smoke  rising 
where  we  imagine  his  house  stood.  Nine  o'clock,  two  more 
expresses  were  sent  to  Venango. 

loth.  This  morning  the  two  expresses  returned,  having 
lost  themselves  in  the  night.  About  lo  o'clock  m  th'^  iiorning 
as  some  of  the  militia  were  putting  up  some  fences  uDout  looo 
yards  from  the  fort  the  enemy  fired  on  them,  they  returned 
the  fire  and  retreated  safe  to  the  fort. 

June  nth.  At  break  of  day  some  Indians  were  discovered 
among  the  ruins  of  the  upper  town. 

About  10  o'clock  at  night  they  set  fire  to  a  house,  on  which 
a  shell  was  thrown  among  them,  some  time  after  Indians 
were  seen  in  the  lower  town  and  some  hallooing  heard  at  a 
small  distance  from  the  fort. 

1 2th,  An  Indian  was  discovered  from  the  garden;  about 
1 1  o'clock  a  party,  out  cutting  spelts,  saw  two  Indians  and 
fired  on  them,  on  which  a  number  more  appeared  and  fired 
on  our  people,  who  returned  it ;  on  some  round  shot  being 
fired  from  the  cannons  in  the  fort  the  Indians  ran  off. 

13th  and  14th,  Nothing  worth  notice. 

15th,  A  party  was  sent  out  to  cut  spelts  and  were  fired  on. 
Sergeant  Miller  of  the  militia,  contrary  to  orders,  with  three 
others  advanced  to  Grant's  Hill,  and  just  as  they  had  gained 
the  summit.  Miller  was  shot  dead,  a  party  advancing  drove 
the  enemy  off  and  prevented  their  scalping  him.  Between  1 1 
and  12  o'clock  at  night,  as  an  express  from  Bedford  was  chal- 
lenged by  one  of  the  sentinels  from  the  rampart  the  enemy 
fired  a  number  of  shots  at  him  and  the  sentinels  in  the  fort. 

i6th.  Four  Shawnees  appeared  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Ohio,  and  desired  that  Mr.  McKee  would  go  over  and  speak 
to  them,  which  he  did  and  they  made  him  the  following 
speech : 


S.    ECUVER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    I'ITT,    I763. 


91 


-^i 


'^ 


"Brother,  We  received  the  message  you  sent  us  on  the 
death  of  Colonel  Clapham,  and  our  chiefs  desired  us  to  inform 
you  that  they  will  take  care  of  the  traders  in  our  towns.  Mr. 
Baird  and  Gibson  were  taken  by  the  Delaware  Indian  called 
Sir  William  Johnson  and  his  people  at  the  Muskingum  town 
and  carried  to  our  town.  Our  chiefs  say  they  will  take  care  of 
them  until  the  war  is  over.  We  came  to  enquire  news,  we 
have  heard  none  since  the  time  the  message  with  the  belt  and 
bloody  hatchet  came  from  the  Lake  Indians  to  the  Delaware 
and  Tuskarawas,  acquainting  them  that  they  had  struck  the 
English  and  desired  that  they  would  join  them.  The  captains 
and  warriors  of  the  Delawares  pay  no  regard  to  their  chiefs, 
who  advised  them  not  to  accept  the  hatchets,  but  are  deter- 
mined to  proL  acute  the  war  against  you.  It  was  the  Six  Na- 
tions that  left  this  and  the  Delawares  that  killed  your  people 
at  Beaver  Creek  with  Mr.  Calhoon." 

An  express  was  sent  off  in  the  night  to  Bedford. 

June  17th,  The  same  Indians  came  and  called  again  and 
desired  Mr.  McKee  would  come  over,  he  refused ;  they  then 
recommended  him  to  set  off  for  the  inhabitants  in  the  night, 
or  to  come  over  to  them  and  they  would  take  care  of  him  at 
their  towns  till  the  war  was  over;  they  acquainted  him  that 
all  the  Nations  had  taken  up  the  hatchet  against  us  and  that 
they  intended  to  attack  this  post  with  a  great  body  in  a  few 
days,  that  Venango  and  all  the  other  posts  were  already  cut  off, 
that  they  were  afraid  to  refuse  taking  up  the  hatchet  against 
us  as  so  many  nations  had  done  it  to  force  us  to  come  to  them. 
About  12  o'clock  at  night  two  expresses  came  in  from  Ligo- 
nier  with  letters  from  the  General.* 

1 8th,  The  enemy  set  fire  to  another  house  up  the  Ohio. 
One  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  two  expresses  that  came  last 
set  off  for  Ligonier  again  with  letters. 


\h 


*  Amherst. 


92  HOUOUET   I'APERS. 

June  19th,  Two  Indians  crept  along  the  bank  of  the  Mo- 
nongehela  towards  the  sentinel  who  was  posted  on  the  bank 
of  the  river  and  fired  at  him.  Soon  after  a  number  of  Indians 
were  seen  at  the  head  of  the  fields,  taking  off  some  horses, 
as  the  garrison  was  turning  out  a  soldier's  gun  went  off  by 
accident  and  mortally  wounded  him,  of  which  he  died  the 
next  day. 

20th,  Nothing  extraordinary. 

2ist,  About  II  o'clock  at  night  the  Indians  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Monongehela  repeated  all's  well  after  our  sentinels. 

22d,  Between  9  and  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  a  smoke  was 
seen  rising  on  the  back  of  Grant's  Hill,  where  the  Indians  had 
made  a  fire,  and  about  2  o'clock  several  of  them  appeared  in 
the  Spelt's*  field,  driving  off  the  horses  and  cattle.  About  5 
o'clock  one  James  Thompson,  who  it  was  supposed  was  gone 
after  a  horse,  was  killed  and  scalped  in  sight  of  the  fort;  on 
this  a  great  number  of  Indians  ap,)eared  on  each  river  and  on 
Grant's  Hill,  shooting  down  the  cattle  and  horses.  A  shell 
was  thrown  amongst  a  number  of  them  from  a  howitzer,  which 
burst  just  as  it  fell  among  them.  About  an  hour  after  they 
fired  on  the  fort  from  Grant's  Hill  and  the  other  side  of  the 
Ohio,  a  shot  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio  wounded  a 
man  in  Monongehela  Bastion.  About  7  o'clock  three  Indians 
were  seen  about  150  yarc-s  from  the  fort  on  the  Monongehela 
bank.  Mr.  McKee  and  two  others  fired  on  them  and  killed 
one  of  them. 

23d,  About  12  o'clock  at  night,  two  Delawares  called  for 
Mr.  McKee  and  told  him  they  wanted  to  speak  to  him  in  the 
morning. 

24th,  The  Turtle's  Heart,  a  principal  warrior  of  the  Dela- 
wares, and  Mamaltee  (a  chief)  came  within  a  small  distance  of 
the  fort,  Mr.  McKee  went  out  to  them  and  they  made  a  speech, 


Spelts,  German  wheat. 


S.    IXUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    1763. 


93 


letting  us  know  that  all  our  posts,  and  Ligonier  was  destroyed, 
that  great  numbers  of  Indians  were  advancing,  but  that  out 
of  regard  to  us  they  had  prevailed  on  six  nations  of  Indians 
not  to  attack  us  but  give  us  time  to  go  down  the  country,  and 
they  desired  we  should  set  off  immediately. 

The  commanding  officer  thanked  them,  let  them  know  that 
we  had  everything  we  wanted,  that  we  could  defend  it  against 
all  the  Indians  in  the  woods,  that  we  had  three  large  armies 
marching  to  chastise  those  Indians  that  had  struck  us,  told 
them  to  take  care  of  their  women  and  children,  but  not  to  tell 
any  other  Nations,  iliey  said  they  would  go  and  speak  to  their 
chiefs  and  come  and  tell  us  what  they  said,  they  returned  and 
said  they  would  hold  fast  the  chain  of  friendship.  Out  of 
our  regard  to  them  we  gave  Lhem  two  blankets  and  an  hand- 
kerchief out  of  the  Small  I'ox  Hospital.  I  hope  it  will  have 
the  desired  effect.  They  then  told  us  that  Ligonier  had  been 
attacked,  but  that  the  enemy  was  beaten  off. 

The  25th,  A  Shawnee  Indian  came  across  the  river  and 
spoke  to  Mr.  McKee  and  told  him  that  two  days  ago,  sixty 
miles  off,  he  left  a  large  body  of  Indians  on  their  march  for 
this  place,  to  attack  it,  and  the  Delawares  that  were  here, 
were  going  to  join  them. 

About  5  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  two  soldiers  belonging  to 
the  garrison  of  Lc  Boeuf  came  in  and  informed  us  that  Ensign 
Price  would  be  here  the  next  morning. 

The  26th,  Six  o'clock  in  the  morning  Ensign  Price,  with 
five  men  came  in  from  Le  Boeuf  and  gave  the  following 
account  of  his  miraculous  escape  from  that  place,  and  while 
they  were  bringing  him  across  the  river  seven  Indians  showed 
themselves  on  Grant's  Hill. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  the  i8th  instant  five  Indians  came 
to  his  post  and  asked  for  some  tobacco  and  provisions,  which 
he  gave  them.     Soon  after  they  went  off,  about  thirty  men 


--S»SaiS*:iViia»f'*'»****1«»'i*.  . 


94 


BOUQUKT    J'APEKS. 


came  down  the  road  leading  to  Presqu'  Isle,  laid  their  arms 
a  short  distance  off,  and  came  and  asked  liberty  to  come  in 
and  said  they  were  going  to  war  against  the  Cherokees,  would 
stay  with  him  that  night  and  that  they  proposed  to  pass  by 
Fort  Pitt  in  order  to  speak  with  Mr.  Croghan ;  Mr.  Price 
suspecting  their  design  had  all  his  people  under  arms  and 
would  not  suffer  them  to  go  in,  upon  this  the  Indians  took  up 
their  arms  and  got  to  the  back  of  an  out  store,  where  they 
picked  out  the  stones  it  was  underpinned  with  and  got  into  it, 
then  they  began  to  roll  out  the  barrels  of  provisions  and  shoot, 
fired  arrows  into  the  top  of  the  block  house  which  was  put 
out  several  times,  this  continued  till  some  time  in  the  night, 
when  Mr.  Price,  finding  it  impossible  to  defend  the  place  any 
longer  or  prevent  its  being  consumed,  took  advantage  of  the 
night,  got  all  his  people  out  at  a  window  and  made  off  without 
being  observed,  but  unfortunately  left  six  of  his  men  and  a 
woman  who  he  supposes  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy, 
some  time  after  he  left  the  block  house,  the  Indians  began  to 
fire  upon  it,  when  he  came  to  Venango  he  found  it  in  ashes, 
kept  the  road  all  the  way  here  and  saw  the  bones  of  several 
people  who  had  been  killed  while  going  to  Venango :  they 
were  Six  Nation  Indians  who  attacked  him. 

Mr.  Price  gives  an  account  likewise  which  some  persons  in 
the  sloop  from  Detroit  had  brought  to  Presqu'  Isle.  About  the 
beginning  of  May  a  large  body  of  Indians  (1,500  in  number) 
came  to  Detroit  under  pretence  of  holding  a  treaty  with 
Major  Gladwin,  but  Monsieur  Baubee  finding  out  their  design 
apprised  Major  Gladwin  of  it,  who  immediately  ordered  his 
garrison  under  arms  and  would  not  permit  them  to  come  in, 
upon  this  the  Indians  sent  two  of  their  principal  warriors  in, 
to  desire  he  would  come  out  and  treat  with  them,  which  he 
did  not  think  proper  to  do,  but  detained  the  two  warriors  and 
sent  out  Capt.  Campbell  and  Lieutenant  Mcl^ougal  to  know 


S.    ECUVER,   C()MMA>'nANT    AT    FORT    I'ITT,    I763. 


95 


what  they  wanted,  whom  the  Indians  made  prisoners  and 
then  rushed  up  and  endeavoured  to  force  the  gate,  but  the 
garrison  being  under  arms  and  prepared  for  them,  fired  upon 
them,  killed  forty  on  the  spot  and  wounded  many  more  ;  the 
Indians  carried  on  the  attack  for  two  weeks  before  the  sloop 
left  it ;  it  was  three  weeks  before  she  arrived  at  Presque  Isle, 
owing  to  contrary  winds.  The  garrison  at  De  Troit  had  no 
provisions  but  a  little  corn  which  Haubee  furnished  them, 
the  French  inhabitants  there  are  not  concerned  in  this  war 
but  live  on  their  farms  as  usual,  the  sloop  was  attacked  all 
the  way  down  the  De  Troit  River  and  the  Indians  sent  Capt. 
Campbell  on  board  of  her  to  desire  Capt.  Newman  to  deliver 
her  up,  who  sent  for  an  answer  that  he  was  determined  to 
fight  them,  he  is  gone  to  Niagara  and  proposes  to  return  to 
Detroit  with  provisions.  6  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  soldier 
who  made  his  escape  from  Presqu'  Isle  and  says  that  on  the 
19th  inst.  that  post  was  attacked  by  250  Indians  w  hich  contin- 
ued for  two  days  and  that  the  Indians  had  mat.  .Miies  in  the 
bank  and  fired  through,  that  the  officer  Mr.  Christy  capitu- 
lated, that  the  Indians  were  to  give  them  6  days'  provisions 
and  escort  them  safe  to  this  post.  It  was  the  Ottawas,  Chip- 
awas,  Wayondotts,  and  Senecas  that  took  the  post,  and  after 
they  had  delivered  the  Indians  their  arms,  while  the  Indians 
were  engaged  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  and  other  stores, 
he  being  at  some  distance  hearing  a  woman  scream  he 
imagined  they  were  beginning  to  tomahawk  the  garrison  he 
made  his  escape,  that  another  soldier  likewise  attempted  to 
make  his  escape  but  fears  he  did  not  get  off,  that  the  Indians 
had  fired  the  roof  of  the  Block  House  a  great  many  times 
before  they  capitulated  and  that  they  as  often  put  it  out,  he 
further  says  that  the  schooner  was  in  sight  and  kept  there 
sounding  with  their  boats  to  try  if  they  could  get  in  to  their 
assistance,  but  that  there  was  not   water  enough,  that  the 


96 


noUyUET    I'AI'EKS. 


! 


1     \ 

-i 


I 


Indians  told  them  they  had  destroyed  800  barrels  of  provis- 
ions at  the  store  house  where  the  schooner  was  to  load  and 
that  he  believes  the  schooner  had  no  provisions  on  board. 
Nine  o'clock  at  night  two  expresses  were  sent  off  to  the  Gen- 
eral by  way  of  Fort  Cumberland  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Monongehela  with  these  accounts. 

27th,  Six  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  four  men  and  one  woman, 
of  the  garrison  of  Le  Boeuf  came  in,  who,  it  was  feared,  had 
fallen  into  the  hand.s  of  the  enemy ;  they  say  they  left  the 
other  two  men  of  that  garrison  about  thirty  miles  off,  not 
being  able  to  come  along.  The  other  soldier  from  Presqu' 
Isle,  who,  it  was  thought,  was  captured,  came  in  with  these 
people  and  confirms  the  account  already  received  respecting 
that  garrison.  These  soldiers  say,  soon  after  they  left  the 
fort  they  heard  two  guns  and  the  death  halloo.  Mr.  Price 
says  that  the  schooner  brought  an  account  of  Sir  Robert 
Davers,  Captain  McKay  and  Captain  Robinson  being  killed 
by  the  Indians  before  the  attack  begun  at  D'Troit,  while  they 
were  sounding  the  depth  of  the  water  in  the  lake  near  the 
mouth  of  D'Troit  River. 

28th,  Several  Indians  have  been  seen  to-day  on  Grant's 
hill  and  about  the  fields.  About  9  o'clock  at  night  the  sen- 
tinels discovered  some  canoes  in  the  river  and  presently 
after  saw  some  people  in  the  ditch.  The  garrison  turned 
out  to  their  alarm  posts,  remained  under  arms  till  12  o'clock, 
then  went  to  their  barracks,  all  but  the  guard.  A  great  smoke 
was  seen  up  the  river  this  morning,  supposed  to  be  a  house 
on  fire. 

29th,  This  morning  numbers  of  Mockeson  tracks  were  seen 
in  the  ditch  where  the  enemy  were  last  night. 

30th,  Nothing  extraordinary.  A  few  Indians  seen  who 
called  to  a  man  that  went  to  drive  some  cattle  in. 

July  1st,  Six  or  seven  Indians  showed  them.selves  this 
morning  at  the  upper  end  of  the  garden. 


M 


S.    ECUYEK,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT   I'lTT,    1 763. 


97 


2(1,  About  7  o'clock  this  morning  some  Indians  appeared 
on  Grant's  Hill ;  at  12  o'clock  they  came  into  the  cornfield, 
drove  off  a  number  of  cows  and  shot  at  several ;  this  night 
several  Indians  were  seen  near  the  Glacis. 

3d,  At  10  o'clock  this  morning  as  a  party  of  men  went  to  the 
gardens  for  greens,  etc.,  they  were  fired  upon  by  some  Indians 
who  had  hidden  within  thirty  yards  of  the  fort ;  our  people 
hurried  forward  and  fired  upon  them,  and  it  was  thought 
that  Adam  Terrence  either  killed  or  wounded  one  badly,  as 
the  others  were  seen  helping  or  carrying  him  away.  Our 
people  pursued  them  till  they  were  ordered  back  ;  they  found 
his  tomahawk,  pipe  and  a  handkerchief  which  he  dropped. 
At  10  o'clock  two  guns  were  heard  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  Allegheny,  and  immediately  four  Indians  appeared  naked 
and  their  bodies  painted  with  different  colors,  singing  as  they 
came  along  according  to  their  custom  when  appearing  as 
friends ;  they  had  two  small  sets  of  British  colors.  Mr.  McKee 
went  down  and  asked  who  they  were  and  what  their  business 
was ;  they  answered  him  they  were  Ottawas  and  came  from 
D'Troit  ten  days  ago,  where  they  said  everything  was  settled 
between  them  and  us  in  that  place,  and  that  they  had  brought 
letters  from  the  commanding  officer  there,  therefore  desired 
to  be  brought  over.  Notwithstanding  the  fair  appearance 
they  came  under,  McKee  directed  them  to  go  up  the  river 
and  cross  at  a  place  where  the  Indians  were  frequently  seen 
crossing,  and  while  they  were  away  a  canoe  was  sent  and 
left  for  them  on  the  other  side.  When  they  came  over 
Mr.  McKee  went  and  met  them  a  small  distance  from  the 
fort.  One  of  them  (commonly  called  Chatterbox)  displayed 
two  large  belts  of  wampum  tied  on  a  stick.  They  made  the 
following  speech  to  Mr.  McKee:  '^Brother:  (Showing  the 
belts,  one  of  which  he  called  the  Friendship  Belt,  the  other 
for  clearing  the  path  between  them  and  us)  "  This  is  what 


K 


98 


BOLQUKT    I'AI'KKS. 


we  called  the  writing  we  had  for  you  and  we  are  sent  by  our 
chiefs  (who  will  be  here  to-morrow)  to  acquaint  you  that  they 
are  coming  to  renew  their  friendship  by  then  ,'  .Ua  and  to 
assure  you  that  they  are  coming  with  a  good  intent  and  hope 
to  be  received  as  friends.  This  is  all  we  have  to  say ;  we 
propose  to  go  and  meet  our  chiefs  this  afternoon  and  will 
return  to-morrow."  Then  asked  for  some  thread  and  tobacco. 
During  this  time  on  Grant's  Hill  a  number  of  Indians 
appeared,  very  uneasy,  and  came  running  down  toward  us  ;  five 
more  appeared  over  the  Ohio  or  Alleghany.  Upon  this  the 
Ottawas  went  to  their  canoes,  where  they  met  those  Indians 
that  came  from  Grant's  Hill ;  they  talked  some  time  together  ; 
During  this  our  people  fired  several  shots  at  those  that  came 
from  the  hill,  which  they  returned.  At  6  in  the  afternoon 
three  of  the  Ottawas,  with  their  colours,  came  to  the  same 
place  and  Mr.  McKee  went  to  them  ;  they  informed  him  that 
their  chiefs  had  come  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  and 
desired  them  to  deliver  the  following  speech : 

"Brother  the  Commanding  Officer: — By  this  string  of  wam- 
pum we  open  your  ears,  wipe  the  tears  from  your  eyes  and 
remove  everything  that  is  bad  from  your  heart,  that  you  may 
hear  and  receive  them  in  friendship  to-morrow."  Gave  a  string 
painted  with  blue  clay.  Mr.  McKee  gave  them  some  bread 
and  tobacco  and  they  returned  across  the  river. 

As  soon  as  it  was  dark  our  sentinels  began  to  fire  at  some 
Indians  in  the  ditch,  the  whole  garrison  turned  out  and  re- 
mained under  arms  until  i  o'clock,  then  went  to  their  bar- 
racks and  lay  on  their  arms  till  daylight. 

July  4th,  This  morning  the  canoe  we  had  lent  the  Indi- 
ans yesterday,  was  seen  aground  in  the  middle  of  the  river 
on  a  bar. 

About  II  o'clock  the  Ottawas  appeared  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  ten  in  number,  and  requested  to  be  brought 


I.    IXUVER,    COMMANDANT    Al     lOKT    PHI',    I763. 


99 


■i 


over,  upon  which  Mr.  McKee  desired  them  to  take  the  canoe 
which  lay  on  the  bar  and  cross  in  her,  but  they  made 
many  excuses  saying  they  intended  no  harm.  Upon  their 
fair  promises  the  commanding  officer  sent  two  .soldiers  in  a 
canoe  for  them,  and  at  their  landing  on  the  other  side  several 
halloos  were  heard  on  Grant's  hill  and  the  Ottawas  began  to 
sing,  five  of  them  came  down  to  the  canoe,  three  of  which 
seized  the  soldier  at  the  head,  the  two  others  made  toward 
the  man  in  the  stern  who  threw  himself  into  the  water,  they 
followed  and  stabbed  him  with  their  knives  in  two  places ; 
the  other  soldier  they  had  got  up  to  the  bank,  but  on  some 
shots  being  fired  from  small  arms  and  a  cannon  with  grape 
shot  they  all  retreated  into  the  woods  and  left  their  kettle 
with  one  set  of  their  colours  on  the  bank  ;  both  .soldiers  got 
back  without  further  damage  though  one  of  the  wounds  is 
thought  dangerous. 

Three  o'clock,  the  Indians  returned  and  took  tlieir  colours 
and  kettle,  then  fired  several  shots  at  the  fort.  A  cannon  with 
grape  shot  was  fired  at  them,  the  Indians  on  Grant's  hill  like- 
wise fired  several  shots,  this  continued  till  dark ;  several  bul- 
lets came  into  the  fort,  but  did  no  damage. 

July  5th,  Eleven  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  Indians  fired 
from  both  sides  of  each  river  and  Grant's  hill ;  several  crossed 
in  a  canoe  up  the  Monongehela.  Five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 
they  crossed  back  again. 

July  6th,  Five  o'clock  this  morning  an  Indian  appeared  on 
the  point  of  Grant's  hill  and  fired  his  piece  at  the  fort,  in  the 
night  the  sentinels  discovered  a  large  fire  up  the  Ohio. 

7th,  Early  in  the  morning  one  Indian  was  seen  over  the 
Monongehela  and  one  by  Rulings'.  By  their  being  so  quiet 
we  imagine  they  are  gone  down  to  meet  our  troops,  attack 
Ligonier  or  fall  on  the  country  people. 

8th,  Nothing  extraordinary. 


100 


BOUQUET    I'Al'EKS. 


9th  and  lOth,  None  of  the  enemy  appeared.  The  people 
grown  careless  and  straggle  about  the  fields  in  as  much  secur- 
ity as  if  no  enemy  ever  had  appeared  about  us.  I  doubt  we 
shall  pay  dear  fo*-  it. 

nth,  All  quiet.  12th,  ditto.  13th,  ditto,  the  first  night  I 
have  stripped  since  the  beginning  of  the  alarm. 

14th,  One  of  the  militia  fired  on  and  wounded  in  three 
places  by  some  Indians  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  fort 
as  they  were  taking  care  of  some  cattle,  we  sent  out  a  party 
and  brought  him  in,  but  fear  he  will  die,  being  shot  through 
the  arm,  body  and  thigh  and  the  bones  broken. 

iSth,  i6th  and  17th,  Nothing  more  than  a  number  of 
Indians  appearing  and  the  man  wounded  on  the  14th  dying. 

18th,  A  party  was  sent  out  to  cut  the  Spelts.  An  Indian 
killed  near  Grants'  Hill  and  scalped  by  Mr.  Calhoon  one  of 
Mr.  Fleming's  party  who  went  out  before  day  to  scour  the 
hill  while  our  people  were  at  work,  getting  in  part  of  the  spelts, 
a  large  body  of  the  enemy  appeared  over  the  Monongehela,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Saw-mill  Creek,  they  called  from  this  side 
over  each  river,  on  which  the  covering  and  working  parties 
came  in.  Soon  after  a  large  body  of  the  enemy  appeared  about 
the  upper  end  of  the  field  where  our  people  had  been  at  work. 
Three  of  the  Indians  from  the  Monongehela  came  over,  they 
are  Delawares,  they  say  they  are  for  peace  and  will  go  to  war 
against  the  Ottawas  and  Chipawas.  Another  Indian,  one 
James  Willson,  came  down  from  Grant's  Hill  without  arms  and 
walked  close  to  the  fort,  being  known  and  without  arms  pre- 
vented his  being  killed,  he  likewise  says  that  the  Beaver  and 
chiefs  of  the  Delawares  are  coming  here,  as  well  as  three 
Indians  who  came  from  the  other  side  of  the  river,  they  can 
tell  nothing  of  Mr.  Lowry  and  our  people.  They  say  that  Mr. 
Gibson,  Baird,  Cammel  and  one  Robinson,  a  hired  man,  was  at 
Beaver  Creek  waiting  for  their  canoe  coming  up  the  river ; 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    IMTT,    I763.  lOI 


it 


fffil 


that  the  canoe  was  just  by  when  the  enemy  began  to  fire  on 
them,  that  Gibson  and  the  rest  jumped  to  their  arms  to  go  to 
their  assistance,  but  they  persuaded  them  not  to,  that  they 
would  be  all  killed,  but  they  persisted.  That  they  seized 
Gibson,  Cammel  and  Robinson,  but  Mr.  Baird  who  got  to  his 
arms  fought  bravely  till  he  was  killed.  There  is  a  letter  from 
Gibson  from  Wills  Town  desiring  we  will  pay  some  goods  for 
getting  him  off,  which  I  have  proposed  to  do. 

loth.  The  commanding  officer  returned  them  thanks  for 
their  offer  of  joining  us  against  the  Ottawas  and  Chipawas 
and  for  the  intelligence  they  gave  us  of  a  great  number  of 
the  enemy  being  about  us ;  but  told  them  until  General  Bouquet 
arrived  he  could  hold  no  treaty  with  them. 

July  20th,  The  Indians,  men,  women  and  children,  con- 
tinued passing  over  the  Allegheny  in  canoes  and  on  horse- 
back, near  the  fort,  supposed  to  be  going  to  fetch  Indian  corn, 
and  1  believe  endeavouring  to  make  us  believe  their  numbers 
much  greater  than  what  they  are. 

2 1st,  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  three  Shawnese  waded  across 
the  Ohio  to  the  Point,  just  by  the  fort,  and  asked  for  some 
provisions  for  their  chiefs,  who  were  just  come.  The  com- 
manding officer  told  them  he  had  none,  and  that  he  would  not 
speak  any  more  with  them  till  their  chiefs  came  themselves. 
Three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  Shawnese  chief  came  to  the 
Point  and  acquainted  Mr.  McKee  that  they  were  in  council, 
not  to  think  the  time  long,  that  when  they  had  done  they 
would  come ;  that  they  had  got  an  account  from  Detroit  six- 
teen day  since,  that  the  officer  commanding  there  had  settled 
matters  with  the  Indians  on  promising  that  if  they  had  had 
any  injury  done  them  they  should  be  redressed ;  that  the 
Indians  had  all  gone  home.  They  said  that,  hearing  we  had 
given  the  Delawares  a  set  of  colours,  induced  them  to  come 
and  make  everything  easy.    They  were  forbidden   to  pass 


>r%; 


102 


UOUglET    PAPERS. 


backwards  and  forwards  near  the  fort  with  arms,  and  up  and 
down  the  river. 

22d,  Gray  Eyes,  Wingenum,  Turtle's  Heart  and  Mamaulter 
came  over  the  river,  told  us  their  chiefs  were  in  council,  and 
that  they  waited  for  Custaluga,  whom  they  expected  that  day. 
The  Indians  passed  backwards  and  forwards,  men,  women  and 
children,  up  the  river  in  canoes.  It  appeared  that  they  were 
carrying  things  down  to  the  saw-mill  in  their  canoes,  and  sev- 
eral horses  passed  with  loads,  in  sight  of  the  fort,  which  I 
took  to  be  Indian  corn  from  the  deserted  plantations  and 
leather  from  Anthony  Thompson's  tan-yard,  though  many 
suspect  it  is  plunder  from  the  frontier  inhabitants.  They 
were  told  not  to  go  backwards  and  forwards  in  their  canoes 
or  they  would  be  fired  on. 

July  23d,  We  heard  nothing  from  the  Indians  to-day ;  two 
of  them  appeared  over  the  Ohio  but  said  nothing. 

24th,  Four  Indians  discovered  at  the  upper  end  of  the 
garden ;  several  tracks  found  about  the  River  Ohio  bank, 
where  they  had  been  last  night.  At  dusk  three  Indians  came 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio  and  told  us  that  Custaloga 
was  come.  They  were  throwing  the  water  out  of  the  canoes, 
that  lay  on  the  shore  where  they  were,  with  the  intention,  as  I 
suppose,  of  coming  over  when  it  is  dark.  While  we  were 
talking  with  them  we  heard  three  death  halloos.  Mr.  McKee 
asked  them  who  it  was.  They  said  they  knew  nothing  of  it 
(perhaps  they  were  Ottawas),  but  said  they  would  let  us  know 
in  the  morning. 

2Sth,  Four  Indians  passing  up  the  Monongehela,  close  by 
the  opposite  shore,  contrary  to  orders,  a  six-pounder  with 
grape  was  fired  on  them.  They  all  made  their  escape  (the 
shot  fell  all  around  them),  leaving  their  canoe.  Four  of  the 
militia  set  off  in  a  canoe  to  a  bar  in  the  middle  of  the  river, 
and  then  one  swam  and  brought  off  their  canoe.    They  left 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    PITT,    1 763.  IO3 

four  rifles,  with  eight  pair  of  new  Indian  shoes,  all  their  powder- 
horns  and  pouches  full  of  powder  and  ball,  and  two  pairs  of 
leggings  for  each,  with  five  blankets — a  sure  sign  they  were 
going  to  war.  We  are  partly  sure  these  Indians  want  to 
lull  us  into  security,  that  they  may  get  the  advantage  of  us — 
but  they  will  be  disappointed.  We  saw  where  they  had  been 
under  the  bank  during  the  night,  spying.  In  the  evening  two 
Indians  came  to  the  opposite  shore  of  the  Ohio  and  asked 
why  we  fired  on  their  people.  They  were  answered,  they 
were  in  canoes  passing  by  the  fort  with  arms.  They  said  they 
supposed  it  was  on  account  of  the  death  hallooes  we  heard 
the  night  before,  and  said  it  was  some  of  the  Ottawas  or 
Wyandottes,  who  had  been  down  the  country.  They  said 
their  hearts  were  good,  but  perhaps  we  were  angry.  They 
desired  to  know  if  we  would  hear  their  chiefs  if  they  came. 
They  were  answered  yes,  but  no  one  else. 

26th,  The  Indians  came  over — Shingess,  Wingenum,  Gray 
Eyes  (sometimes  called  Sir  William  Johnson),  with  several 
other  warriors,  the  Beaver  not  with  them.  They  made  a 
speech,  desiring  us  to  quit  this  place,  and  let  us  know  that 
we,  by  taking  possession  of  their  country,  were  the  cause  of 
the  war ;  and  let  us  know  that  the  Ottawas  and  Chippewas 
were  coming  to  attack  us.  While  in  council  heard  a  death 
halloo  at  the  saw-mill. 

27th,  Fifty-seven  Indians  all  on  horseback  were  seen  from 
the  fort,  going  down  the  road  and  some  on  foot.  Soon  after 
some  were  seen  returning,  some  appeared  in  Hulings  field 
cutting  some  wheat  with  their  knives  and  a  scythe,  we  imag- 
ine they  are  hungry. 

A  gun  was  fired  according  to  agreement  to  call  them  over 
to  get  their  answer,  soon  after  they  appeared  on  the  other  side ; 
as  soon  as  they  came  over,  Captain  Ecuyer's  answer  to  this 
speech  was  delivered  them,  letting  them  know  that  we  took 


m 


104 


HOUyUET    PAPERS. 


i 


' 


i 


i  llf 


■': 


;ij     I 


this  place  from  the  French,  that  this  was  our  home  and  we 
would  defend  it  to  the  last,  that  we  were  able  to  defend  it 
against  all  the  Indians  in  the  woods,  that  we  had  ammunition 
and  provisions  for  three  years  (I  wish  we  had  for  three 
months),  that  we  paid  no  regard  to  the  Ottawas  and  Chippawas, 
that  we  knew  that  if  they  were  not  already  attacked,  that  they 
would  be  in  a  short  time  in  their  own  country  which  would 
find  enough  for  them  to  do. 

That  they  had  pretended  to  be  our  friends,  at  the  same  time 
they  murdered  our  traders  in  their  towns  and  took  their 
goods,  that  they  stole  our  horses  and  cows  from  here,  and 
killed  some  of  our  people,  and  every  three  or  four  days  we 
hear  the  death  halloo,  which  we  know  must  be  some  of  their 
people  who  have  been  down  the  country  and  murdered  some 
of  the  country  people.  That  if  they  intended  to  be  friends 
with  us  to  go  home  to  their  towns  and  sit  down  quietly  till 
they  heard  from  us  or  else  to  send  some  of  their  people  down 
to  Bedford  to  the  General  who  had  only  power  to  treat  with 
them  of  Peace,  they  say  they  will  come  to-morrow  and  let  us 
know  when  they  will  go  home. 

The  Yellow  Bird,  a  Shawnee  chief,  a.sked  for  the  four  rifle 
guns  we  had  taken  from  the  four  Indians  the  25th,  they  were 
answered,  if  it  appeared  that  their  nation  had  done  us  no 
harm,  and  that  they  continued  to  behave  well,  when  we  were 
convinced  of  it  that  then  they  .should  either  have  their  guns 
or  pay  for  them.  He  was  very  much  enraged,  and  the  whole 
changed  countenance  on  the  speech  that  was  made  them. 
White  Eyes  and  Wingenum  seemed  to  be  very  much  irritated 
and  would  not  shake  hands  with  our  people  at  parting. 

28th,  In  the  morning  the  Indians  were  seen  crossing  the 
river  by  Shanopins'  Town  on  horseback  or  swimming.  Half 
an  hour  after,  about  2  o'clock,  they  fired  on  our  people  in  the 
garden,  who  I  had  desired  not  to  stay  as  I  was  positive  they 


III 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT   KOKT   PITT,    I763.  IO5 


were  coming  down,  but  they  paid  no  regard  to  it,  they  got  in 
with  only  one  man  wounded  in  the  knee.  Soon  after  they  be- 
gan firing  on  the  fort  and  continued  it  the  whole  day  and 
night.  Captain  Ecuyer  was  wounded  in  the  leg  with  an  arrow, 
a  Corporal  and  one  of  the  men,  mortally. 

29th,  Continued  firing  on  the  fort,  the  whole  day,  from  the 
Ohio  bank,  they  kept  up  a  very  smart  fire,  this  day  and  yes- 
terday a  number  of  shells  were  thrown  to  disperse  them,  but 
they  only  shifted  places,  this  day  and  yesterday  about  1,500 
small  arms  fired  on  them  from  the  fort.  Wounded  this  day  : 
Marcus  Huling's  leg  broken,  Sergeant  Hermon  shot  through 
the  lungs,  a  grenadier  shot  through  the  leg,  fired  three  round 
shots  from  a  six  pounder,  as  they  were  passing  the  river  in 
canoes ;  obliged  them  once  to  throw  themselves  into  the  river, 
one  of  them  said  to  be  cut  in  two  by  one  of  the  shot.  These 
two  days  killed  several  of  them  from  the  fort,  one  of  them 
wounded  and  drowned  in  the  river,  attempting  to  swim  over 
and  five  more  seen  carried  out  of  the  canoe  on  the  farther 
side  of  the  Ohio,  supposed  to  be  wounded.  The  roofs  of  the 
(iovernor's  House  and  the  Barracks  much  hurt  by  the  enemy's 
fire.  In  the  night  they  shot  several  arrows  at  the  fort,  some 
with  fire,  mostly  fell  short. 

30th,  The  enemy  at  night  gathered  under  the  bank  and  we 
imagined  they  intended  to  make  an  attack,  they  fired  at  the 
fort  random  shots  all  day  and  night,  the  whole  under  arms  all 
night.     But  few  shot  fired  from  us. 

31st,  The  enemy  continued  firing  random  shot.  Two  shells 
thrown  at  some  reaping  in  Huling's  field.  In  the  evening 
they  called  to  the  fort  and  told  us  they  had  letters  from  Col- 
onel Bouquet  and  George  Croghan  and  desired  me  to  go  for 
the  letters  and  they  would  give  them  to  me.  Continued  firing 
at  the  fort  all  night,  threw  some  hand  grenades  into  the  ditch^ 
where  we  imagined  some  of  the  enemy  were. 
8 


io6 


UOUOUET    I'Al'KKS. 


August  1st,  The  enemy  continued  firing  random  shots  from 
under  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  till  about  3  o'clock,  when  they 
withdrew,  and  soon  we  saw  large  numbers  crossing  from  this 
to  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio  with  their  baggage,  aliout 
6  o'clock  they  put  up  a  paper  fixed  on  a  stick  from  under 
the  bank. 

..  August  2d,  All  quiet  till  about  11  o'clock  when  two  Indians 
and  a  white  man  came  down  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio 
and  called  over  that  they  were  expresses  from  Colonel  Bouquet 
and  G.  Croghan  at  Bedford ;  they  were  desired  to  come  over, 
the  white  man  made  answer  that  he  was  a  prisoner  and  would 
not  come,  the  Indian  came  over  in  a  small  bark  canoe  and  pro- 
duced his  letters;  he  was  a  Cuyuga  Indian  named  John  Hud- 
son, he  says  that  the  Indians  took  him  and  detained  him  three 
days,  broke  open  the  letters  and  made  a  white  prisoner  read 
them ;  one  letter  they  kept  and  suffered  him  to  bring  the  other 
two  to  the  fort.  The  white,  on  the  other  side  was  an  express, 
taken  between  this  and  Fort  Cumberland,  they  had  all  his 
letters  but  would  not  let  the  Indian  bring  them  over  after 
they  had  read  the  letters  and  heard  the  message  he  delivered 
them  from  Mr.  Croghan,  some  set  off  home,  and  some  few  to 
war  against  the  settlements,  and  some  Wayandotts  to  recon- 
noitre our  army.  The  Wayandotts,  in  a  council  had  declared 
that  they  would  carry  on  the  war  against  us  while  there  was 
a  man  of  them  living,  and  told  the  Delawares  and  Shawnees 
that  they  might  do  as  they  pleased.  In  the  evening  they  set 
off  with  letters  down  the  country. 

3d,  On  viewing  the  bank  of  the  river  where  the  enemy  fired 
from,  we  saw  blood  in  many  places,  the  Indian  who  was  killed 
was  the  son  of  John  Butler,  of  Philadelphia,  the  huntsman,  by 
an  Indian  woman.  For  the  last  six  nights  the  whole  have 
been  under  arms,  the  garrison  having  two  reliefs. 

4th,  Everything  quiet.     Some  Indians  lying  yet  on  the  oppo- 


'^!^ 


S.    ECLVKK,    COMMANDANT    AT    I'ORT    IMTT,    1763.  10/ 


site  side  of  the  Ohio.     This  afternoon  heard  three  death  haU 
loos  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

5th,  Three  expresses  came  in  from  Colonel  Bouquet,  whom 
they  left  with  the  troops  at  Ligonier.  These  expresses  re- 
port they  heard  at  Small's  plantation  at  Turtle  Creek,  about 
18  miles  from  here,  a  great  deal  of  cheering,  shooting  and 
bells,  and  some  Indians.  We  imagine  they  are  gathering 
there  to  attack  the  Colonel,  and  9  o'clock  2  expresses  were 
dispatched  to  meet  the  Colonel. 

6th,  7th  and  8th,  Nothing  extraordinary,  but  the  troops  not 
arriving  according  to  expectation,  makes  us  fear  they  have 
been  a<^tacked  on  their  march. 

9th,  Everything  quiet,  no  word  of  the  troops. 

loth,  At  break  of  day,  in  the  morning,  Miller,  who  was  sent 
by  express,  the  5th,  with  two  others,  came  in  from  Colonel 
Bouquet,  whom  he  left  at  the  Nine  Mile  Run.  He  brings  an  ac- 
count that  the  Indians  engaged  our  troops  for  two  days,  that 
our  people  beat  them  off.  About  10  o'clock  a  detachment  from 
the  garrison,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Philips,  marched 
to  meet  the  troops  and  returned  about  2  o'clock,  having  joined 
the  Colonel  at  Bullet's  Hill.  The  following  is  the  best  account 
I  have  been  able  to  learn  of  the  action,  which  happened  the 
5th,  about  a  mile  beyond  Bushy  Run  : 

Our  advanced  guard  discovered  the  Indians  where  they  were 
lying  in  ambush  and  fired  on  them  about  3  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon ;  this  brought  on  a  general  engagement  which  continued 
through  the  next  day  and  night.  Our  people  behaved  with  the 
greatest  bravery  and  also  the  Indians  who  often  advanced 
within  a  few  steps  of  our  people. 

The  action  continued  doubtful  till  the  enemy  by  a  stratagem 

was  drawn  into  an  ambuscade,  where    they  were  entirely 

routed,  leaving  a  great  many  of  their  people  dead  on  the  spot. 

Our  loss  in  this  affair  is  about  50  killed  and  60  wounded. 

It  is  thought  b)'  our  people  the  enemy  left  as  many. 


If 


','. 


I 


i.. 


m 


io8 


BOUyL'ET    I'Al'KKS. 


'J<I 


'.      <:. 


\'> 


nth  of  August,  raised  our  bateaux  that  we  had  sunk. 

1 2th,  Twenty-two  bateaux  were  manned  and  rowed  up  both 
rivers  for  some  distance;  during  this  we  could  see  the  enemy 
on  a  hill  on  the  opposite  side  the  river  looking  at  us  ;  this  was 
done  to  make  the  enemy  believe  we  were  going  to  attack  their 
towns  in  order  to  clear  our  communication,  as  our  horses,  with 
most  of  the  women  and  children,  were  going  down  with  the 
escort. 

13th,  Major  Campbell  with  the  escort  marched  for  Ligonier. 

14th,  15th,  i6th,  17th,  i8th,  19th,  20th,  and2ist,  no  enemy 
appeared.  We  have  been  employed  in  reaping  and  getting  in 
all  the  grain,  plowing  for  turnips  and  getting  coal. 

22d,  Major  Campbell  arrived  with  the  convoy  with  provisions. 

23d  and  24th,  Nothing  extraordinary.  Mr.  McKee  with  a 
number  of  the  militia  went  up  to  Mr.  Croghan's  plantation. 
Found  his  with  all  the  houses  between  here  and  there  burnt. 

25th,  An  Indian  called  Andrews  arrived  here  express  from 
De  Troit.  Since  he  left  De  Troit  he  says  he  heard  from  the 
Indians  that  Major  Rogers  who  went  out  from  De  Troit,  to 
attack  an  Indian  village,  was  attacked  by  the  Indians  and 
brought  back,  being  shot  himself  through  the  thigh  and 
.saved  by  his  ni'.Mi.  By  all  the  accounts  from  De  Troit  it  ap- 
pears that  Indians  have  been  spirited  up  by  the  French  to 
massacre  all  our  troops  in  the  Indian  country. 

26th,  27th,  Major  Campbell  left  this  with  all  the  wagons 
and  pack-horses  and  carried  down  all  the  women  and  children. 

28th,  An  Indian  was  seen  over  the  river. 

29th,  Andrews  (the  Indian)  was  sent  express  to  Pre.squ'  Isle 
to  see  if  our  troops  were  rebuilding  that  post. 

30th,  31st,  Andrews  returned;  he  went  within  a  little  of 
Venango  and  met  four  Wyandotts  who  came  from  Presqu'  Isle  ; 
they  told  him  there  was  no  white  people  there,  but  that  150 
Ottawas  were  lying  there  waiting  for  a  party  of  our  people, 


m 


S.    KCUVER,   COMMANDANT   AT    I'OKT    IMIT,    1763.  I09 


expected  from  Niagara;  that  several  small  parties  of  Lake 
Indians  came  this  way;  that  one  of  15  in  number  crossed  to 
this  side  of  Ohio,  at  Mr.  Croghan's  place,  the  30th. 

Sept.  5th,  Indian  Andrew  went  to  hunt  over  the  Ohio ;  re- 
turned in  the  evening,  met  four  Shawnese ;  they  informed  him 
that  the  Delawares  had  all  left  their  towns ;  that  they  were 
sent  to  see  if  any  more  troops  were  on  the  road  here;  they 
had  been  18  miles  down  the  road,  were  returning  home  again  ; 
that  they  had  tried  to  take  a  scalp  from  a  party  of  ours  cut- 
ting fascines,  but  were  afraid. 

6th,  Andrew  went  over  the  Ohio  to  hunt ;  he  returned  to 
the  opposite  shore  with  Killbuck  and  his  son,  who  wanted 
some  person  to  go  over  and  speak  to  them.  Colonel  Bouquet 
let  them  know  that  unless  they  came  by  order  of  their  chiefs 
he  would  have  nothing  to  say  to  them  ;  they  went  off. 

7th,  In  the  morning  Andrew  came  over.  He  saw  two  of  his 
own  nation ;  they  confirm  the  account  of  an  engagement 
between  the  troops  under  Major  Rogers  and  the  Indians  near 
De  Troit,  of  his  being  shot  through  the  thigh  and  losing  150 
men  with  several  officers,  and  his  retreat  to  the  fort,  being 
pursued  by  the  Indians.  These  Indians  informed  him  that 
there  were  three  parties  of  Delawares  gone  down  in  search 
of  our  expresses.  They  informed  him  that  the  schooner  was 
returned  from  Niagara  with  provisions  just  before  they  came 
away,  and  that  800  Indians  in  80  canoes  were  gone  to  cut  off 
the  communication  between  Niagara  and  the  landing  where 
the  vessels  load  for  De  Troit.  Some  Indians  seen  to-day  by 
the  Bullock  Guard. 

At  dusk  Andrew  was  sent  to  Ligonier  to  meet  our  express 
expected. 

8th,  This  morning  some  Indians  seen  over  the  Ohio. 

loth,  Our  Bullock  Guard  saw  5  Indians.  In  the  evening 
Andrew  returned,  having  met  our  express  9  miles  on  this  side 


.) 


I 


-  lit 

■nv 


l:|r  ! 


li 


no 


»OU<2lKT    I'AI'KKS. 


Ligonicr,  brought  the  letters,  the  express  returned  ;  he  saw 
5  Indians  a  little  way  from  the  fort. 

13th,  Andrew  saw  whereabout  30  Indians  had  encamped 
the  night  before  at  Chartier's  Creek. 

15th,  About  II  o'clock  a  few  Indians  fired  on  the  Bullock 
Guard,  without  doing  any  dam.ige  ;  on  the  Guards  firing  some 
shot  at  them  they  ran  off. 

i6th,  The  officer  of  the  Bullock's  Guard  sent  to  acquaint 
the  Colonel  that  his  .sentinels  had  discovered  ten  Indians ;  he 
was  ordered  to  attack  them  if  they  appeared  again  ;  they  saw 
nothing  of  them  till  the  evening ;  when  the  guard  was  march- 
ing in,  one  showed  himself. 

October  17th,  I  went  with  a  detachment  of  60  men  over 
the  Monongehela  to  get  coal.  Some  Indians  who  were  on  the 
top  of  the  hill  ran  off  on  our  taking  possession  of  it  and  left 
some  corn  behind  them  just  pulled. 

19th,  A  Highlander  was  shot  up  the  Monongehela  ;  he  was 
a  sentinel  from  the  Bullock  Guard  ;  there  were  but  two  or 
three  Indians.     They  scalped  him. 


[Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 
(Received  5th  of  February.    Addressed.) 

Fort  Pitt,  January  8,  1763. 
Sir: — I  send  according  to  your  orders  the  return  to 
Colonel  Amherst  the  same  that  a  Court  of  Inquiry  consid- 
ered in  regard  to  the  Conductor  of  Artillery  accused  of 
having  taken  powder  from  the  magazine  of  the  king.  His 
officer  does  not  wish  to  trust  anything  to  him  until  we  have  a 
reply  from  his  Excellency  about  it.    The  conductor  is  not  liked, 


l\V 


S,    FXUVKR,    COMMANDANT    AT    I'OKT    I'ITT,    I763.  Ill 

it  ;ippcars.  I  pity  him  and  do  not  think  him  K^'i'^y-  '  re- 
ceived the  letter  you  did  me  the  honor  to  write  to  me  from 
Lancaster.  I  long  lor  others  and  for  news,  for  the  months  at 
Fort  Pitt  are  eternal.  Four  prisoners  of  the  Shawnese  have 
arrived  here — two  boys  and  two  girls  ;  we  expect  every  day 
more  with  the  chiefs.  The  families  who  brought  these  ap- 
peared well  content  with  the  presents  of  the  province,  which  for 
the  four  amounted  to  30;^.  Parties  of  warriors  of  the  Six 
Nations  pass  here  frequently,  going  to  war  against  the  Indians, 
who  are  in  the  interest  of  the  Spanish.  Mr.  Croghan  asks  con- 
stantly for  powder,  lead  and  knives  for  them ;  that  embarrasses 
me.  Sometimes  I  refuse,  at  other  limes  I  give  a  little,  and 
at  other  times  I  do  not  know  on  which  foot  to  dance  ;  I  fear 
to  do  too  much.  Mr.  Croghan  says  we  cannot  refuse  these 
trifles,  which,  nevertheless,  would  be  45  lbs.  of  powder,  90  lbs. 
of  lead,  knives,  vermillion,  &c.  I  informed  him  that  I  would 
not  give  them  anything  without  having  received  your  orders, 
which  I  will  obey  promptly.  As  to  the  fort  and  garrison,  all 
goes  on  the  same  way.  Our  gentlemen  send  you  their  com- 
pliments, and  I  have  the  honor  to  call  myself  very  respect- 
fully, Sir,  your  very  humble  and 

Very  obedient  servant, 

S.    KCUVER. 

[To  Colonel  Bouquet.] 


^ 


P.  S. — I  forgot  to  tell  you,  Sir,  that  wo  have  a  club  every 
Monday  and  a  ball  on  Saturday  evening,  composed  of  the 
most  beautiful  ladies  of  the  garrison.  We  regale  them  with 
punch,  and  if  it  is  not  strong  enough  the  whiskey  is  at  their 
service.  You  may  believe  that  we  are  not  altogether  the 
dupes. 

Captain  Philips  sends  you  his  compliments.  I  hope  he 
will  soon  have  a  company.  They  tell  me  there  are  two 
vacancies  in  the  3d  Battalion.     I  wish  for  it  for  him. 


iiSl-i^'^>i-X;iii 


\ 


lU 


t 


113  fJOl'yl'KT    I'AI'KRS. 

[llritiHil  MuHeiim.— liouc|uet  f'apers. ] 

l-'oKi    I'lTT,  Jan.  26,  1763. 

Sir:— AW  is  licre  very  quiet ;  it  is  not  the  same  at  Hedford. 
Cajitain  Ourry  wrote  to  me  that  his  corporal  and  five  men  are 
in  prison  for  having  robbed  the  magazine.  I  have  just  sent 
him  a  detachment  to  relieve  his  rascals  and  a  party  to  escort 
them  here,  where  they  will  receive  the  punishment  .so  justly 
merited.  They  have  even  stolen  the  stores  ;  it  was  thought 
to  have  been  the  settlers.  I  hope  that  will  be  discovered. 
An  example  will  be  very  necessary  ;  four  or  five  hung  woulil 
have  a  good  effect. 

Sergeant  Clark  tells  me  these  returns  should  be  sent  to  the 
Cleneral,  but  as  I  am  not  certain,  I  send  them  to  you  until  a 
new  order. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  Sir,  your 
Very  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVKK. 

[Colonel  Boloiet.] 


[liritish  Mviseum. — Bouquet  I'aper.s.] 

Fort  Pitt,  Feb.  8,  1763. 
Sir: — The  second  express  arrived  here  the  fourth  of  the 
month ;  the  package  for  Detroit  left  the  6th  in  the  morning 
by  an  luJian,  who  chose  to  go  alone  to  go  faster.  Mr.  Crog- 
han  vouches  for  his  fidelity  and  diligence.  I  sent  one  by  the 
same  envoy  to  Venango,  with  orders  to  the  officer  to  send 
the  orders  of  his  Excellency  to  Le  Boeuf  and  Presqu'  Isle.  I 
have  also  written  to  the  officer  who  commands  at  Sandusky. 
I  desired  Major  Gladwin  to  give  a  receipt  to  bearer,  who  will 
be  paid  here  on  his  return  (he  left  here  on  horseback).  A.** 
the  regiment  of  Virginia  is  disbanded,  I  have  been  obliged  to 


n 


?■.■ 


S.    r.CL'VKK,    COMMANDANT    AT    I'ORT    IMTT,    I763.  II3 


send  a  Corporal  and  four  men  to  Fort  Cumberland  to  guard 
the  magazines  of  the  king.  Those  at  Redstone  desert  every 
day.  I  wait  your  orders  to  know  if  it  is  your  intention  to 
maintain  a  garrison  from  the  battalion  at  these  two  posts.  I 
have  been  obliged  to  relieve  all  the  detachments  at  Bedford. 
They  are  accused  by  Captain  ( )urry  of  having  stolen  the  flour 
of  the  king.  If  that  is  clearly  proven  I  will  have  them  pun- 
ished with  the  greatest  severity,  they  belong  to  my  company. 
We  have  also  trapped  a  robber  of  flour  here,  he  received  5CX3 
lashes,  but  has  not  told  on  his  accomplices.  We  have  also 
three  deserters  under  guard,  they  are  Wheeler,  Higges  and 
Marks,  the  last  of  whom  has  already  been  tried  by  a  general 
court-martial.  Childers  has  been  condemned  to  receive  looo 
lashes.  Mr.  Hutchins  will  not  depart  until  a  new  order  is 
received.  The  last  express  having  arrived  too  soon  for  him. 
I  have  offered  the  flour  for  sale,  it  is  worth  nothing  at  all,  the 
cattle  refuse  to  eat  it.  As  regards  the  Matross*  of  Detroit,  he 
left  here  two  days  before  the  express  arrived. 

The  Indians  have  brought  us  eight  prisoners,  of  whom  four 
are  women  and  four  young  boys ;  they  will  leave  here  with  the 
first  horses  that  return.  There,  my  dear  Colonel,  is  all  that 
I  know  that  is  at  all  interesting  to  .send  you.  I  do  not  neg- 
lect anything  that  I  undertake.  Permit,  Sir,  that  I  thank 
you  for  the  news  that  you  have  had  the  kindness  to  communi- 
cate to  me ;  may  I  pray  you  to  continue.'  It  seems  to  me  that 
we  will  have  a  grand  reform,  and  that  I  only  hold  by  a  thread. 
That  is  why  I  pray  you  if  you  learn  anything  on  this  subject, 
do  not  flatter  me  for  my  experience,  but  render  me  a  real 
service,  for  then  I  will  conduct  myself  accordingly.  You  will 
find  here  annexed  the  declaration  of  a  Shawnee  Indian,  who 
is  very  intelligent,  and  who  has  travelled  a  great  deal  among 
the  French  of  the  Mississippi.     I  forgot  to  tell  you  that  Mr. 


J 


*  Artillery  soldier. 


Ii4 


HOl'QUET   I'AI'KRS. 


Donnalan  joined  us  the  2(1  of  the  month ;  if  he  does  not  think 
of  revenge  he  talks  a  great  deal  of  it. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  Sir, 
'  Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVEK. 

P.  S. — Dare  I  pray  you  to  send  the  enclosed  for  Mr.  Gran- 
didier  at  Quebec .' 

[Hriti^J!l  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

Fort  Pitt,  Feb.  21,  1763. 
Sir: — I  take  advantage  of  Mr.  Davenport  leaving  for  Phila- 
delphia, to  inform  you  that  I  have  received  an  Indian  from 
Detroit  with  letters  from  Major  Gladwin  for  his  E.xcellency ; 
this  express  arrived  here  ten  days  after  the  departure  of  ours 
and  as  his  excellency  could  still  send  orders  for  this  post, 
I  have  thought  it  best  to  keep  it  here  until  the  arrival  of 
another  courier,  that  will  save  the  cost  of  an  express. 

Captain  Camhhem.. 

Mr.  Croghan  has  received  two  expresses  from  the  Dela- 
wares,  which  inform  him  that  they  will  bring  all  their  prison- 
ers in  the  spring.  All  is  well  here,  no  appearance  of  deluge.  I 
wait  for  news  from  you  with  great  impatience.  All  our 
gentlemen  assure  you  of  their  very  humble  respect,  and  I 
particularly,  having  the  honor  to  be  very  sincerely. 

Sir,  your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECI'VEK. 
[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  TO  COLONEL  BOUQUET. 

'    .,  (Endorsed.) 

Fort  Pitt,  March  11, 1763. 
Sir: — I  send  you  the  returns  of  the  past  month  with  an 


r 


tVa 


ik 


'•'1 


1- 


a- 
n 

'  > 
■s 

t, 


S.    IXUYEK,  COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    I763.       '    II5 

account  of  the  inundation  of  this  post.  The  sixth  of  March 
the  two  rivers  being  somewhat  swollen  but  with  little  ice,  the 
6th,  7th  and  8th  great  rain.  The  7th  in  the  morning,  the 
berme  or  turf  of  the  flank  of  the  bastion  of  the  south  and  a 
part  of  the  stone  edging  had  fallen  into  the  fosse.  The  river 
continuing  to  swell,  I  had  the  provisions  removed  from  the 
ground  floor  and  the  various  ammunitions,  worked  all  day 
closing  the  drains,  preparing  everything  against  inundation 
as  I  best  could.  At  10  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  two  rivers 
united  and  the  water  around  the  fort  increased  one  foot  an 
hour.  On  the  8th,  at  2  o'clock  p.m.,  the  flats  and  boats  have 
been  drawn  to  the  bridge.  At  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  six 
inches  of  water  in  the  fort  and  the  Allegheny  full  of  ice.  Two 
hours  after  midday  I  detached  two  officers  and  thirty  men  to 
the  upper  town  with  fifteen  days'  provision  for  all  the  garrison. 
At  midnight  I  brought  all  the  boats  and  flats  into  the  fort, 
prepared  to  save  all  and  abandon  the  place  the  following 
day,  but  happily  on  the  gth,  at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the 
water  was  at  its  greatest  height  and  at  midday  it  fell  two 
inches  (the  highest  means  twenty -two  inches  higher  than  last 
year). 

All  the  provisions  and  ammunition  are  saved  and  in  good 
condition.  I  have  followed  your  plan  as  best  I  could.  Here 
is  an  account  of  our  losses. 

The  shop  of  the  blacksmith  entirely  gone,  the  little  wood 
gathered  for  the  construction  of  the  boats  has  followed  several 
houses  of  the  lower  town.  I  believe  our  garden  is  lost  by  the 
fault  of  the  sergeant,  who  did  not  inform  me  of  the  danger, 
this  subject  was  entirely  out  of  my  head.  All  the  fences  of 
the  garden  carried  off  by  the  ice.  The  poor  deer  has  had  its 
leg  broken.  We  are  occupied  in  repairing  the  little  devasta- 
tions in  the  interior  of  the  fort.  The  greater  part  of  the  turf 
on  the  sides  not  covered  has  fallen  into  the  fosse.     I  cannot 


f. 


j 


.j 


lid 


llOUgUET    PAPERS. 


iV  '■ 


sufficiently  recommend  to  you  Burrent,  or  enough  praise  his 
conduct,  and  to  say  all  in  one  word  he  is  invaluable.  I  send 
you  this  letter  by  an  express  from  post  to  post,  with  orders  to 
be  expeditious,  and  on  this  subject  I  will  write  to  Captain 
Ourry.  Tomson  the  tanner,  and  Shepherd  the  carpenter,  are 
drowned,  the  first  at  Turtle  Creek  and  the  other  at  Two  Mile 
Run.  I  should  tell  you  that  I  have  given  a  short  account  of 
the  affair  to  Colonel  Amherst  when  sending  returns  to  him. 
I  await  for  news  from  you  with  great  impatience. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVER. 

[To  Col.  Bouquet.] 


P.  S. — I  have  made  tw>  remarks  on  the  manner  in  which 
this  fort  has  been  sodded.  I  do  not  know  if  you  will  find  them 
judicious.  The  first  is  that  it  was  neglected  in  placing  the 
turf  to  plant  in  each  four  or  five  sticks  of  wood,  dry  and  thin 
and  about  two  feet  long,  this  wood  would  support  it  until  the 
turf  would  take  root ;  the  second,  they  should  mow  the  grass 
at  least  once  a  year  ;  this  long  grass  holds  more  water,  and  in 
consequence,  its  weight  draws  out  the  turf.  I  leave  this  to 
be  decided  by  those  who  know  more  about  it  than  I  do,  for  I 
am  nothing  less  than  Engineer. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  TO  COLONEL  BOUUUET. 

(Endorsed.) 
[C.\PTAI.\    EcUVER.] 

FoRj-  PiTi',  March  19,  1763. 
Sir: — The  Express  which  !  had  sent  to  Detroit  has  arrived, 
and  immediately  I  sent  one  from  here  with  the  package  of 


.at'rt  *U""i  ■*-'«*"»' 


S.    IXUVKK,    COMMANDANT   AT    FOKT    I'lTT,    I763.  I  17 

Major  Gladwin,  for  his  excellency.  I  learn  from  Captain 
Campbell  that  one  of  our  soldiers  has  been  killed  at  Michili- 
makinackby  accident.  They  send  me  by  the  .same  the  account 
of  the  accident  of  Lieutenant  Jamet,  who  has  been  obliged 
to  abandon  his  post  during  the  month  of  December.  The 
house  where  his  detachment  lodged  having  caught  fire,  which, 
being  joined  to  his,  both  were  in  flames  before  it  was  per- 
ceived, so  that  he  had  much  difficulty  in  saving  himself  from 
the  flames  that  burned  his  shirt  and  his  body ;  he  has  not 
marched  with  his  party,  which  not  having  provisions  has  re- 
turned to  Michilimakinack. 

I  have  been  much  mortified  by  this  miserable  return.  It 
causes  me  an  excessive  vexation  every  time  that  I  think  of  it ; 
although  it  was  not  my  fault,  the  Adjutant  telling  me  that 
the  discharged  people  will  not  be  returned.  He  is  so  positive 
and  so  obstinate  that  he  believes  yet  and  even  at  this  time 
that  the  return  is  just, 

I  have  ordered  the  coopers  to  work  at  the  barrels.  I  hope 
to  have  managed  to  your  satisfaction,  for  I  do  not  think  it 
would  be  possible  to  embark  the  provisions  without  casks, 
either  to  go  up  or  down  the  river.  Mr.  Schlotter  is  following 
your  orders  in  the  returns  for  the  month. 

I  have  without  delay  packed  up  the  teeth  and  horns,  but 
you  did  not  tell  me  to  whom  to  address  them.  I  have  had 
our  trees  replanted  and  enclosed  the  garden,  simply  to  prevent 
the  cows  from  finishing  the  destruction,  as  it  appears  that  we 
will  not  enjoy  them  ;  those  that  come  after  us  will  do  as  they 
fancy.  Our  people  complain  a  great  deal  since  this  last  order. 
They  do  not  understand  why  they  should  work  without  pay, 
and  what  they  do  they  do  with  an  ill  grace.  I  have  had  a 
great  deal  of  trouble  since  the  inundation  to  please  everybody. 
I  do  not  think  I  have  succeeded.  Everyone  wants  lodging 
above ;  the  lower  town  has  suffered  most.     I  wish  that  not 


Il8 


liOUOUET    I'AI'KRS. 


\l' 


one  house  had  escaped,  so  as  to  force  them  to  build  elsewhere ; 
the  merchants  have  not  lost  anything.  I  assisted  them  with 
all  my  power,  although  few  or  none  deserved  it.  I  warned 
them  the  day  before  and  offered  them  the  wagons  of  the 
king,  but  the  miserable  fellows  always  waited  until  the  last 
extremity.  Mr.  Hutchins  has  departed,  hoping  to  return  at 
the  time  appointed. 

With  regard  to  my  intentions.  Sir,  it  is  not  my  intention 
to  sell  at  present ;  but  as  I  do  not  doubt  that  I  will  be  placed 
on  half-pay,  I  hope  it  will  be  as  soon  as  possible.  It  appears 
it  would  be  cruel  and  inhuman  to  send  an  officer  so  far  and 
shut  him  up  there.  I  declare  that  if  that  happens  to  me  I 
will  be  entirely  ruined,  without  the  power  to  sell  out ;  my 
voyage  from  Quebec  here  cost  me  50  guineas.  I  hope  the 
first  packet  will  bring  good  news  for  reform  ;  it  is  very  hard, 
after  having  served  well,  to  suffer  for  a  troop  of  rebels,  what- 
ever may  be  said  of  them  by  the  way.  You  will  find  joined 
to  this  all  the  vouchers  which  it  has  been  possible  for  us  to 
collect.  There  is  a  list  among  them  which  will  explain  all 
and  two  which  are  not  here.  We  are  occupied  to-day  in  the 
chapel  and  have  at  midday  divine  service  ;  afternoon  for  the 
Germans.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Post  gives  us  a  service  in  his 
manner.  We  had  St.  Patrick's  fetes  in  every  manner,  so  that 
Croghan  could  not  write  by  this  express. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully.  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVEK. 

[To  Colonel  Bouquet.] 


P.  S. — A  merchant  coming  from  Sandusky  has  presented 
an  account  to  me  oi  £11  :  12  :6  pence  curr.  which  poor  Pauly 
will  perhaps  be  obliged  to  pay  ;  this  was  for  the  little  presents 
which  he  was  obliged  to  give  to  the  Indians — tobacco, 
paint,  &c. 


«^ 


S.    ECUVEK,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    I'ITT,    I763.  1 19 


[Hritish  Museum.— liouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 
(Received  the  16th  of  April,  answered  the  17th.) 

Fort  Pitt,  March  30,  1763. 

Sir: — Wc  are  very  busy  with  our  boats  ;  Burrent  has  taken 
all  possible  pains.  I  hope  he  will  be  well  paid  ;  he  deserves 
it,  and  he  would  be  fooli-sh  to  take  this  trouble  for  18  cents 
a  day.  I  continue  to  recommend  him  to  you ;  I  wish  that 
my  situation  and  my  circumstances  would  enable  me  to  be 
useful  to  him  ;  I  would  do  so  with  all  my  heart. 

Sir,  I  pray  you  to  fi.x  a  price  with  Mr.  Swain  ;  by  the  way, 
it  is  not  just  that  he  should  take  so  much  trouble  for  nothing. 

I  have  written  to  Captain  Basset  on  the  communication, 
and  sent  him  a  list  of  articles  which  are  wanting  here.  1 
prayed  him  to  send  horses  from  Bedford  and  Ligonier ;  we 
must,  however,  at  least  hdve  four,  as  well  as  collars  or  draw- 
gears,  for  all  those  we  have  are  rotten.  The  poor  mare  always 
limps. 

I  have  made  known  publicly  that  all  those  who  are  in  debt 
to  the  king  for  flour  must  pay  on  the  15th  of  April,  or  in 
default  of  which  I  will  sell  their  effects  ;  it  is  no  use  to  speak 
mildly  to  this  race. 

We  expect  the  Shawnese  with  our  captives,  from  day  to  day. 
I  begin  to  get  tired  of  Fort  Pitt,  and  this  winter  has  seemed 
very  long  to  me.  Return  quickly,  that  will  give  us  back 
life.  We  expect  you  with  impatience,  particularly  he  who 
has  the  honor  to  call  himself,  very  respectfully, 

Sir,  your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVER. 


"'I 

■■'J  I 


P 

M 


m 


l\hi 


■  4  >  1 

Hi 


'11 


IN 


m. 


i..p  n 


lli 


120 


HOUQL'ET    I'AI'KRS. 


[Hritish  Museum. — Houquet  I'apers.] 

Fort  Pitt,  April  9,  1763. 

Sir: — It  appears  by  the  return  of  Mr.  McKee  that  the 
Shawnese  are  no  longer  so  well  disposed  as  they  were  last 
autumn.  The  Uelawares  have  sent  a  message  for  them  not 
to  give  up  their  captives,  that  they  were  resolved  not  to  give 
up  any  until  they  .saw  what  turn  things  would  take  at  this 
place.  Notwithstanding  all  that,  the  Shawnese  will  be  here 
in  a  few  days  with  five  prisoners,  escorted  by  100  beggars. 
We  have  determined  to  receive  them  very  coldly  ;  our  boats 
advance  very  slowly  (we  need  nails,  iron  and  four  or  five 
horses  more),  nevertheless  every  one  is  employed.  I  forgot 
in  my  last  to  tell  you.  Sir,  that  your  snuff-box  has  been  found,, 
but  with  a  square  piece  cut  out.  After  the  flood  the  servant 
of  Mr.  Poffs  and  mine  were  walking  along  the  iiver  near  the 
kitchen  of  Mr.  Bassett ;  they  found  the  pieces  in  the  sand  in 
such  a  way  that  I  can  not  doubt  a  moment  but  that  this  theft 
was  done  by  that  rascally  negro  of  Capt.  Basset ;  he  has 
buried  the  pieces  in  the  sand,  near  the  kitchen,  and  forgot  them 
after  the  flood.  There,  Sir,  is  my  opinion.  I  hope  you  will  not 
shrug  your  shoulders  at  it. 

This  instant  I  have  finished  an  affair  which  was  on  the 
point  of  making  trouble,  here   in  a  few  words  is   the  case. 

Lieut.  Donnellan  and  Surgeon  Boyd  gave  each  other  hlows^ 
with  their  fists  and  sticks  for  three  day.s,  but  upon  other  p"^  [)u 
rations  to  fight  again,  I  was  forced  to  put  them  under  arrest 
to  prevent  other  disorders.  The  officers  tried  to  reconcile 
them,  on  which  they  wrote  to  me  that  they  would  not  quar- 
rel again.     I  will  take  care  that  the  letter  is  .signed  by  both. 

I  made  them  come  before  all  the  officers  of  the  garrison 
and  give  their  word  of  honor  that  they  would  not  again  quar- 
rel, and  set  them  free.     Lieut.  Francis  was  present  during  the 


S.    ECUVER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    1763.  121 

whole  affair.     If  you  will  question  him,  you  will  know  all  the 
niinutijE  ;  he  heard  more  than  I  did. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  very  respectfully,  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

S.  KCUYER. 

[Col.  Bouquet.] 


[Hritish  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  TO  COLONEL  BOUOUET. 

(Endorsed.) 

[Cai'Tain  Ecuver.] 

Fort  Pitt,  April  23,  1763. 

Sir: — I  have  sent  your  mare  (nearly  cured)  to  your  farm 
by  a  confidential  soldier,  who  should  not  mount  her,  she 
only  carries  oats  to  Bedford.  I  have  written  to  Captain 
Ourry  to  provide  enough  to  convey  him  to  the  farm.  I  gave 
him  money  for  the  journey.  Before  the  arrival  of  your  letter 
I  had  sent  four  horses  to  Ligonier,  they  have  returned  with 
a  wagon  loaded  with  iron,  harness  an'',  tools.  I  have  sent  an 
order  to  Mr.  Blane  to  send  to  me  all  the  king's  horses, 
having  great  need  of  them  here,  for  the  boats  and  for 
the  gardens.  But  he  replied  that  he  has  not  any,  and  that 
the  horses  which  he  has  belong  to  himself,  and  that  he  had 
arranged  with  you  on  this  subject  when  you  came  down.  I 
believe  that  living  so  long  at  this  post  has  made  him  believe 
at  last  that  the  place  belongs  to  him. 

1  do  not  know,  sir,  if  I  have  told  you  that  we  have  found 
one  of  our  bellows,  and  the  second  is  some  place  at  the 
bottom  of  the  river,  found  by  a  trader  from  whom  I  wait  to 
have  an  explanation,  before  I  send  to  find  it.  I  have  three 
forges  and  six  blacksmiths  working  at  a  great  rate,  eight 
hand  saws  and  the  mill,  which  is  repaired  and  works.   I  think 


M 


;ii 


»  f 


-i  1' 


I, 


'    * 


H 


m  '■■ 


122 


HOUQUET    I'Al'ERS. 


that  when  you  return  here  I  will  have  all  my  wood  sawed,  all 
the  stakes  are  made,  300.  It  must  be  confessed  that  Captain 
Bassett  is  a  lazy  man.  I  am  told  he  has  horses  on  the  road  ; 
he  has  not  deigned  to  write  the  least  word,  it  seems  to  me  he 
should  have  let  me  know  what  he  sends  if  only  to  tran- 
quillize me. 

I  spare  neither  care  nor  trouble  to  push  on  the  work,  it  is 
my  duty  as  much  for  the  good  of  the  service  (which  you 
have  much  at  heart)  as  to  prove  to  you,  sir,  my  entire 
devotion,  desiring  nothing  more  than  the  power  to  be  useful 
in  something. 

As  with  regard  to  Burent,  Captain  Basset  can  not  suf- 
ficiently pay  him  for  his  diligence ;  he  is  absolutely  a  slave 
and  does  more  than  all  the  rest  together.  I  do  not  know 
whether  I  do  wrong,  for  without  your  orders  I  employ  four 
coopers.  We  need  casks.  As  well  as  for  up  as  down  the  river 
we  must  have  them.  I  have  published  that  all  who  are  in 
debt  for  flour  or  beef  to  the  king  must  replace  them  the  15th 
of  April ;  but  hardly  any  one  has  come.  1  will  then  be 
obliged  to  take  stronger  measures,  considering  that  all  who 
are  here  (excepting  the  garrison)  are  the  dregs  of  nature.  I 
have  had  a  thousand  difficulties  before  I  succeeded  in  col- 
lecting a  part  of  the  tools  belonging  to  the  king.  I  know  that 
the  old  Clapham  has  his  house  full  of  them,  but  I  leave  that 
case  to  Captain  Basset.  The  old  man  should  furnish  us  by 
contract,  si.xteen  beeves,  he  has  only  delivered  thirteen,  say- 
ing he  lost  the  other  three,  that  is  why  I  put  it  at  nearly  the 
total. 

You  will  find,  sir,  joined  to  this  the  declaration  of  Mr. 
McKee,  on  his  journey  to  the  Shawnees,  as  well  as  the 
council  which  we  have  held  here  ;  I  can  not  absolutely  refuse 
to  give  them  powder,  lead,  vermillion,  swivel  guns,  knives  and 
tobacco.     I  think  we  are  cheaply  rid  of  them.     They  told  us 


if' I 

t 

■§\ 

I 


S.    ECUYKK,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    1763.  I23 


that  the  Illinois  and  other  Indians  lower  than  them  will 
oppose  our  passage,  at  the  instigation  of  the  French  ;  their 
story  seems  very  probable.  Several  soldiers  demand  their 
discharge,  as  many  here  as  in  the  detached  posts.  Where  is 
your  camp  bed  ?  I  am  told  that  the  one  in  your  chamber 
belongs  to  Captain  Barnsley,  and  his  valet  asks  for  it  every 
day.  V 

The  Indians  depart  at  last  to-morrow,  very  much  dis- 
satisfied, although  I  have  done  for  them  more  than  I  should 
perhaps  ;  but  one  cannot  free  one's  self  from  Mr,  Croghan. 
He  gave  up  to  them  because  they  would  have  eaten  all  our 
provisions ;  think,  that  during  one  month  Mr.  Croghan  has 
drawn  17,000  pounds,  as  much  flour  as  beef;  that  makes  one 
tremble.  I  use  the  skins  which  the  Indians  have  given,  to 
dress  the  five  prisoners  and  the  rest  of  the  product  they  will 
take  home.  I  take  this  trouble  myself,  because  where  there 
is  nothing  no  one  will  take  care  of  it — nothing  without 
money  and  everything  for  money. 

Have  the  goodness,  sir,  to  have  sent  to  us  for  the  officers 
good  flour,  the  fine  which  we  have  will  be  finished  in  a  short 
time. 


f  w 
t 

''I 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 

(Received  the  19th.    On  the  back  :  "  M.  Repeat  that  no  soldiers  but  such 
as  act  as  .    .    .  are  to  be  paid,  and  those  at  iss.    Tell  it  to  Baillie.")* 

Fort  Pitt,  May  4,  1763. 
Sir:— I  hope  that  my  letter  of  the  24th  April  with  the 
returns  has  reached  you.     I  have  just  received  a  package  from 


*  Nearly  illegible. 


h] 


\l 


1" 


■  M 


124 


IIOUyUKT    I'Al'KRS. 


Detroit  which  I  scikI  immediately,  with  a  speech  of  the  Mi- 
amis  to  Mr.  Holmes.  Mr.  Croghan  is  at  Hedford,  and  pro- 
poses to  go  to  Carlisle.  It  will  be  well  that  he  .should  not 
delay,  for  those  rascally  Delawares  are  coming ;  they  are  all 
assembled  in  one  of  their  towns  for  a  grand  council,  to  know 
whether  they  will  deliver  our  men  or  not.  Major  G'adwin 
writes  to  me  that  I  am  surrounded  with  scamps.  He  com- 
plains a  great  deal  of  the  Delawares  and  of  the  Shawnees ; 
these  are  the  rascals  that  try  to  put  the  others  in  action.  Our 
boats  go  well ;  I  have  seven  of  them  in  the  water.  I  have 
been  obliged  to  send  to  Hedford  for  pitch  or  tar. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectful. y. 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  EcuvicR. 

[CoLONKI.  BoUOUKT.] 


m 


I. 


IHi.  i 


[British  Museum.— Houquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Kndorsed.) 

Fort  Pitt,  May  29,  1763. 
Sir: — A  large  party  of  Mingoes  arrived  here  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  month  and  have  delivered  to  us  ten  miserable 
horses.  They  demanded  presents  from  me,  but  I  have  re- 
fused all  their  demands  excepting  eight  bushels  of  Indian 
corn,  which  they  have  planted  opposite  Croghan's  house, 
where  they  have  formed  a  town.  Before  yesterday  evening 
Mr.  McKee  reported  to  me  that  the  Mingoes  and  Delawares 
were  in  motion,  and  that  they  had  sold  in  haste  ;^300  worth  of 
skins,  with  which  they  have  bought  as  much  powder  and  lead 
as  they  could.  Yesterday  I  sent  him  to  their  villages  to  get 
information,  but  he  found  them  all  abandoned.     He  followed 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    JMTT,    I763.  125 

their  traces,  arid  he  is  certain  that  they  have  descended  the 
river ;  that  makes  me  think  that  they  wish  to  intercept  our  boats 
and  prevent  our  passage.  They  have  stolen  three  horses  and 
a  cask  of  rum  at  Bushy  Run  ;  they  at  the  same  time  stole  ;^50 
from  one  called  Coleman  (on  the  road  to  Bedford)  with  the 
gun  at  his  breast.  They  .say  the  famous  Wolf  and  Butler 
were  the  chiefs,  and  it  is  clear  that  they  wish  to  break  with 
us.  I  pity  the  poor  people  on  the  communication.  I  am  at 
work  to  put  the  fort  in  the  best  possible  condition  with  the 
few  people  we  have.  Mr.  Hutchins  arrived  here  yesterday 
with  six  recruits.  We  have  twenty  boats  in  the  water  ;  I 
would  like  to  know  the  number  you  wish,  and  what  the  car- 
penters must  do.  As  I  was  finishing  my  letter  three  men 
arrived  from  Clapham's  with  the  bad  news  that  yesterday  at 
3  o'clock  P.M.,  the  Indians  had  killed  Clapham,  and  all  that 
were  in  the  house  were  robbed  and  massacred.  These  three 
men  were  at  work  and  escaped  through  the  woods.  I  sent 
them  immediately  with  arms  to  warn  our  men  at  Bushy  Run. 
The  Indians  told  Byerly  to  quit  the  place  or  they  would  all  be 
killed  in  four  days.  I  tremble  for  our  small  posts.  As  for 
this  one,  I  will  answer  for  it. 

If  any  person  should  come  here,  they  must  take  an  escort, 
for  the  affair  is  seriou.s. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  sir. 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECL'VER. 

[CoLONKi.  Bouquet.] 

If  you  do  not  receive  letters  often  from  me  it  will  be  a  proof 
that  communication  is  cut  off. 


I 


M 


f 


u 


!i 


126  iioryuET  rAi'KRs. 

[Hritisli  Museum.— M()U(|Uct  I'apers.] 

LKTTKR  FROM  CAITAIN   ICCUVKK. 

{ IJidorsccl.) 
[Received  June  5th.    Colonel  Hou(|uet.  J 

Fort  Pitt,  May  3,  1763,  9  o'clock  cm. 

.S'/>.- — Yesterday  eveninj;  the  Indians  ma.ssacred  the  two 
men  we  had  at  the  saw-mill,  they  scalped  them  and  have  left 
a  head  breaker  or  Tomahawk,  which  sijjnifies  I  believe  a 
declaration  of  war,  tlicy  at  the  same  time  stole  four  horses  of 
the  kinj;,  which  were  working  there.  One  Daniel  Collier, 
horscdriver,  who  has  just  arrived,  has  made  the  declaration  as 
follows,  that  being  at  Tuscarawa  with  forty-four  ladened 
horses,  King  Beaver  had  warned  Thomas  Colhoun  to  depart 
immediately  with  all  the  whites  that  he  could  take  and  that 
he  would  give  them  three  Indians  to  escort  them,  but  being 
at  lieaver  Creek  they  were  attacked,  and  only  he  himself  has 
arrived  here,  with  much  difficulty.  He  believed  all  the  party 
were  killed,  having  heard  seven  or  eight  death  cries.  He  said 
that  the  Indians  that  carried  the  belt  to  the  Delawares  have 
said  that  Sandusky  was  cut  off  and  the  officer  made  prisoner 
and  that  when  the  Indian  express  had  departed  from  Detroit 
the  party  was  attacked  by  them. 

I  fear  the  affair  is  general.  I  tremble  for  our  po.sts.  I  fear 
according  to  the  reports  that  I  am  surrounded  by  Indians.  I 
neglect  nothing  to  receive  them  well,  and  I  expect  to  be  at- 
tacked to-morrow  morning,  (iod  wills  it,  I  am  passably  ready. 
Every  one  works,  and  I  do  not  sleep ;  but  I  fear  that  my  ex- 
press will  be  stopped. 

I  have  formed  two  companies  of  militia,  which  amount  to 
80  or  90  men.  I  have  had  the  oxen  and  cows  brought  near  for 
service.  In  one  word  I  have  neglected  nothing  and  have 
spared  neither  care  nor  trouble. 


•  s 


S.    KCUVKK,   COMMANDANT    A  I    lOKI     I'ITT,    1 763.  I  J/ 

I  hope  to  be  capable  to  do  more  for  the  service  of  the  kinj{, 
v**")m  I  have  the  honor  to  serve.     Whatever  happens  I  will 
do  all  that  is  in  my  power.     Excuse  haste  as  they  say. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  very  sincerely,  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.   EclVKK. 

I'.  S. — You  will  have  the  poodness  to  translate  my  letters  for 
the  (leneral  as  you  like.  Joined  to  this  is  a  discourse  which 
we  sent  to  the  Indians  after  their  first  nv-rders;  no  reply,  it 
is  too  soon. 


[British  Museum. — Ho'i(|uet  I'apers.] 
I.KTTKR  FROM  CAPTAIN  KCUYKR. 

I  Received  the  loth,  and  the  Duplicates  sent  to  the  (leneral.) 

II'IKST    I.KITKK.) 

Fort  Pitt,  June  2,  1763,  9  o'clock  i'.m. 

Sir: — Here  is  the  third  express  I  have  sent  to  Philadelphia, 
the  first  the  30th  of  May,  the  second  on  the  31st. 

This  will  inform  you  of  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Calhoun  at  this 
post  with  a  harangue  from  the  Delaware.s.  I  am  going  to 
continue  my  last  letter.  On  the  31st  I  sent  two  inhabi- 
tants to  Venango,  but  they  could  not  pass ;  at  one  mile  and  a 
half  they  were  attacked  and  obliged  to  return  ;  one  of  the  two 
slightly  wounded  on  the  leg.  Two  young  men  arrived  yesterday 
from  Fort  Burd  and  returned  with  orders  to  the  Sergeant  to 
engage  all  the  inhabitants  to  join  me  here  with  loo  lbs.  of 
powder  and  1,000  lbs.  of  lead,  which  a  merchant  .sent  there  a 
few  days  since ;  they  should  come  either  by  water  or  by  the 
woods.  I  hope  to  reap  some  advantage  from  the  Indian's 
peltry.  He  told  me  that  he  will  come  with  a  party  as  soon  as 
he  has  sent  his  wife  and  his  cattle  to  Fort  Cumberland.  The 
two  men  from  Bushy  Run  have  retreated  to  Ligonier.  La.st 
night  three  inhabitants  also  departed  for  Venango.     I  do  not 


i 


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I) 


128 


HOUQUET   PAPERS. 


know  whether  they  can  pass.     To  return  to  that  which  con- 
cerns this  place. 

My  garrison  consists  in  all  of  250  men,  as  many  regulars  as 
militia,  all  very  determined  to  conquer  or  die ;  our  men  are 
high-spirited  and  I  am  glad  to  see  their  good  will  and  with 
what  celerity  they  work.  I  have  little  flour,  the  inhabitants 
receive  half  rations  of  bread  and  a  little  more  meat,  to  the 
poorer  women  and  children  a  little  Indian  corn  and  some 
meat.  I  manage  as  well  as  I  can.  I  have  collected  all  the 
animals  of  the  inhabitants  and  placed  them  under  our  eye.  We 
kill  to  spare  our  provisions,  for  the  last  resource  and  in  order 
that  the  savages  shall  not  profit  by  our  animals.  They  are 
around  us  at  the  distance  of  a  mile  ;  they  have  not  yet  dared 
to  appear,  perhaps  they  are  too  feeble;  it  is  not  my  business 
to  go  to  find  them.  I  have  distributed  tomahawks  to  the  in- 
habitants ;  I  have  also  gathered  up  all  their  beaver  traps  which 
are  arranged  along  the  rampart  that  is  not  finished.  The 
merchant  Trent  is  an  excellent  man,  he  has  been  of  great  help 
to  me.  He  is  always  ready  to  assist  me,  he  has  a  great  deal  of 
intelligence  and  is  very  worthy  of  recommendation.  1  will 
say  no  more  in  his  praise.  Burent  is  always  the  same,  inde- 
fatigable. I  pray  you  to  leave  nothing  undone  to  induce  his 
Excellency  to  procure  a  commission  for  him  ;  I  do  not  know 
any  man  that  merits  it  more. 

Here  is  an  abridgement  of  our  work;  I  have  demolished 
the  lower  town  and  brought  the  wood  into  the  fort.  I  have 
burnt  the  high  town ;  every  person  is  in  the  fort,  where  I  have 
constructed  two  ovens  and  a  forge.  I  have  surrounded  our 
bastion  with  barrels  full  of  earth,  made  good  even  places  and 
embrasures  for  our  cannon.  I  have  a  good  entrenchment  on 
the  mined  bastion  and  on  the  two  curtains  at  the  right  and 
left.  All  around  the  rampart  my  people  are  covered  by  strong 
planks  joined  with  stakes  and  an  opening  between  two  for  fir- 
ing the  guns,  without  being  exposed  in  any  manner.    If  there 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT   PITT,    1763.  I29 


were  any  open  places  I  would  place  across  them  bales  of  skins 
of  deer  which  belong  to  the  merchants.  I  have  in  the  same 
way  made  galleries  at  the  gorge  (breast)  of  the  bastion  which 
corresponds  with  that  of  the  barracks. 

I  have  placed  all  the  powder  of  the  merchants  in  the  king's 
magazine.  I  have  also  prepared  every  thing  in  case  of  fire. 
My  bastions  are  furnished  with  casks  full  of  water,  as  well  as 
the  interior  of  the  fort.  The  women  are  appointed  for  this 
service.     One  must  take  service  from  all  in  this  life. 

The  rascals  burned  the  houses  in  the  neighborhood.  They 
have  shot  balls  at  the  sawmill.  If  I  had  foreseen  it  I  could  have 
saved  all.  Burent,  my  right  arm,  does  not  let  me  forget  any- 
thing.    A  king  would  be  happy  to  have  100,000  such  subjects. 

I  have  made  Trent  Major-Commandant  of  the  militia,  but 
as  that  does  not  agree  with  my  fancy,  I  have  incorporated  the 
militia  in  our  companies,  having  given  the  best  to  the  grena- 
diers. Being  mixed  with  our  men  we  can  draw  from  them 
better  parties.  Three  companies  serve  twenty-four  hours.  At 
two  hours  after  midnight  all  the  garrison  is  at  its  post  or  place 
of  alarm,  so  that  I  believe  we  are  guarded  from  all  surprises.  I 
have  been  obliged  to  make  some  outlay,  but  I  hope  his  Excel- 
lency will  find  them  just,  reasonable  and  necessary.  My  pocket 
is  empty,  nothing  remains  there  but  ten  shillings.  I  would 
like  very  much  to  have  a  little  more  rum  to  give  from  time  to 
time  a  drop  to  my  brave  men,  they  know  my  will  and  say 
nothing.  I  will  be  well  recompensed  if  you  approve  of  the 
measures  which  I  have  taken.  I  have  done  all  for  the  best.  If 
I  have  erred  it  is  from  ignorance.  I  would  wish  to  be  a  good 
engineer  to  be  able  to  do  better,  in  short  I  have  neglected 
no  care,  no  trouble,  be  persuaded  of  that. 

I  am  very  respectfully,  Sir, 
•      Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECL'YER. 

[Col.  Bououet.] 


:l"^ 


u 


11 » 


11 


w 


i  : 


*»'<  h 


130 


BOUQUET   PAPEKS. 


P.  S. — The  three  men  who  left  here  yesterday  for  Venango 
have  been  obliged  to  retrace  the  road  nearly  twenty  miles 
this  way,  where  they  discovered  two  parties  of  Indians  coming 
from  this  side.     I  tremble  lest  the  posts  should  be  cut  oft. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  I'apers.] 
,      LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 
(Endorsed.     Received  tiie  23d.) 

Fort  Pitt,  June  16,  1763. 

Sir: — I  do  not  know  whether  this  will  reach  you  the  same 
as  my  three  preceding  ones.  According  to  all  reports,  it 
appears  to  me  that  the  Indians  march  to  the  neighborhood 
of  our  colonies.  I  believe  that  there  are  but  few  around  us ; 
however,  there  are  enough  to  interrupt  our  communication. 

A  man  has  arrived  here  who  has  assured  me  that  Fort 
Burd  is  abandoned ;  I  suppose  they  have  retreated  to  Fort 
Cumberland.  The  Indians  have  burned  Croghan's  house 
and  that  of  Thomson  ;  they  wish  to  decoy  me  and  make  me 
send  out  detachments,  but  they  do  not  give  me  the  chance.  I 
am  determined  to  guard  my  post,  spare  my  men  and  not 
expose  them  uselessly.  I  believe  that  is  what  you  expect  of 
me.  We  are  so  confined  in  the  fort  that  I  fear  sickness,  for 
notwithstanding  all  my  care  I  cannot  keep  the  place  as  clean 
as  I  wish,  thus  the  smallpox  is  among  us  on  this  account.  I 
have  had  constructed  a  hospital  under  the  bridge  above  the 
reach  of  rising  waters.  The  three  expresses  (of  which  I 
made  mention  in  my  last)  for  Venango  were  obliged  to  return 
the  next  day.  In  the  meantime,  on  the  morning  of  the 
7th,  a  boat  arrived  with  a  soldier  and  a  trader  and  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Christie.  He  informed  me  that  Lieutenant  Cuylor 
of  the  Queen's  Rangers  going  from  Niagara  to  Detroit  was 


S.    KCUVER,   COMMANDANT    AT    FORT    PITT,    I763.  I31 


0 


attacked  at  the  entrance  of  that  river  on  the  28th  of  May,  at 
1 1  o'clock  in  the  evening  His  detachment  was  of  97  men, 
some  R.  A.  some  rangers.  He  had  139  barrels  of  provisions. 
He  was  him.self  woupJed,  two  sergeants  killed  ;  Cope  was  one 
of  them  and  16  of  our  regiment.  Ferlinger  and  44  rangers, 
a  woman  and  some  others  wounded.  He  only  saved  two 
boats  with  which  they  retreated  to  Sandusky,  but  he  found 
no  one  there  and  all  was  burned.  From  there  he  went  to 
Presqu'  Isle  with  the  rest  of  the  people.  He  there  left  six 
men,  and  departed  for  Niagara. 

My  fort  is  formidable  at  present,  16  pieces  mounted  on 
good  platforms.  I  have  a  sufficiently  good  retrenchment 
joined  to  a  fraise,  which  is  not  set  out  over  all,  so  it  is  not 
altogether  as  regular  as  it  should  be.  But  without  engineers 
and  being  mu'-'.i  hurried  this  should  pass,  and  I  think  is  good 
enough  against  this  rabble,  so  that  I  begin  to  breathe.  We 
have  worked  during  eleven  days  in  an  incredible  manner,  our 
men  are  much  fatigued,  but  I  do  not  complain.  In  the  future 
they  will  have  rest.  I  have  divided  my  little  garrison  into 
two  divisions,  each  one  with  three  officers,  five  sergeants, 
one  drum,  and  from  68  to  70  men.  We  are  all  doubly  armed, 
so  that  I  have  5CX)  shots  to  give  them  as  they  are  in  the  moat 
{fossi).  These  are  the  measures  which  I  have  taken,  during 
our  work.  I  had  100  men  on  the  rampart  all  night,  and  at 
2  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  rest  of  the  garrison  were  under 
arms  until  5  o'clock,  when  they  went  to  work.  I  have  col- 
lected all  the  beaver  traps  which  could  be  found  with  our 
merchants  and  they  were  placed  in  the  evening  outside  the 
palisades.  I  would  be  pleased  to  send  you  one  with  the  leg 
of  a  savage,  but  they  have  not  given  me  this  satisfaction.  I 
have  had  made  a  quantity  of  crow-feet  traps  for  the  fosse, 
they  are  pointed  enough  for  their  moccasins. 

No  one  has  offered  to  help  me  but  Mr.  Trent,  to  whom  I  am 


' ,  I 


13: 


IIOUOUKT    PAPERS. 


u 


i.A 


M 


much  obliged,  as  well  as  to  Mr.  Hutchins,  who  has  taken  no  rest. 
He  oversaw  the  works  and  did  his  duty,  at  the  same  time,  that 
is  praiseworthy  and  he  merits  recompense.  I  wish  Detroit 
could  be  sustained,  but  provisions  and  ammunition  are  scarce 
there.  I  hope  to  see  you  soon  at  the  head  of  some  regiments, 
for  if  they  are  sent  as  formerly,  in  small  parties,  one  after 
the  other,  they  would  be  cut  off.  This  slovenly  kind  of  war 
costs  us  an  infinite  number  of  men,  that  is  the  reason  they 
should  be  driven  back  by  one  stroke  and  exterminated.  I 
sent  two  men  to  Venango,  but  I  have  no  news  of  them  or  from 
any  other  place. 

On  the  15th  a  party  went  out  to  cut  grass.  A  militiaman 
was  killed  on  the  top  of  the  mountain,  where  he  had  nothing 
to  do.  If  he  had  followed  my  orders  this  would  not  have  hap- 
pened to  him.  The  same  night  the  savages  crossed  the  gar- 
den, fired  on  the  fort  and  on  our  oxen  and  cows  which  are  in 
the  park  meadow  where  the  deer  were.  Your  letters  also 
arrived  on  the  night  of  the  15th  and  i6th  by  a  good  express 
from  Bedford,  who  killed  an  Indian  on  the  road.  Mr.  Blane 
was  attacked  on  the  second  of  June  without  results.  We 
have  often  little  alarms,  but  we  laugh  at  them.  I  am  assured 
that  they  are  in  very  small  numbers  about  us.  I  have  only 
seen  ten  at  a  time,  who  showed  themselves  at  the  house  of 
Hulings,  perhaps  to  make  us  go  out.  I  do  not  fear  them.  I 
wish  they  would  desire  to  give  me  an  assault,  were  they  5,000, 
for  the  more  there  were  the  more  we  would  kill.  No  one  more 
alert  could  be  seen  than  our  people.  At  the  least  sign  every- 
one is  at  his  post  of  alarm.  I  never  knew  the  number  of  boats 
you  wished  for  until  now  the  carpenters  told  me.  Mr.  Basset 
had  ordered  thirty  from  them.  I  have  19  in  the  water  and  three 
nearly  finished,  but  I  have  been  obliged  to  discontinue  from 
the  moment  the  savages  appeared  so  near  to  us.  I  can  not 
send  them  actually  until  an  escort  is  offered.   I  employ  tiiem 


•'^S 


■s 


v£i»i««3;^*as<::<*-(?^^r»fis£**>*>-»* 


S.    KCUYEK,    COMMANDANT    AT    FOKT    IMTT,    1 763.  1 33 


'  ■'4.::v^«Mw)t.4w  i 


in  the  fort  and  they  have  been  a  great  help  in  my  work. 
Captain  Ourry  sends  me  word  that  a  party  of  nearly  thirty 
men  from  his  garrison  will  be  here  soon.  As  soon  as  I  see 
them  I  will  have  a  party  ready  to  sustain  them.  If  I  knew  the 
day  and  if  I  could  give  them  a  position  I  would  be  certain  to 
catch  ten  or  twelve. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  very  respectfully,  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVEK. 

[Colonel  Bouquet.] 

P.  S. — Grandidier  remarked  to  me  that  Meyer  is  detested  in 
the  2d  Battalion  ;  I  do  not  doubt  it.  The  rascally  Shawnees 
have  come  from  the  other  side  of  the  Ohio ;  they  asked  to 
speak  to  Mr.  McKee.  You  will  see.  Sir,  what  they  have 
said.  They  had  a  Frenchman  with  them,  and  fierce  looks  ; 
they  have  not  wished  to  come  to  this  side ;  they  have  made 
demands  as  usual,  but  there  was  nothing  for  them  but  balls  at 
their  service.  They  said  they  had  many  Indians  around  us, 
but  I  believe  nothing  of  it.  S.  E. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  OV   CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 

(Private.    Received  the  29th  at  Carlisle.) 

Fort  Pitt,  June  i8,  1763. 
Sir: — I  received  your  letter  May  3d,  and  one  of  June  9th 
yesterday  at  midnight.  The  carpenters  being  discharged,  I 
will  certify  the  accounts  of  our  artisan  soldiers  and  nothing 
more.  Captain  Basset  wrote  to  Mr.  Baillie  to  put  him  on  the 
book  for  one  shilling  a  day.     I  will  never  certify  to  such  an 


if:! 


>. 


nOUgUET    I'Al'ERS. 

article ;  he  has  clone  nothing,  only  Burent.  Mr.  Basset  is 
angry  at  me ;  as  it  appears  in  his  letter,  he  has  very  bad 
manners.  I  iuve  clone  his  duty  here,  and  I  am  actually  still 
doing  it.  Mr.  Hudson  deserves  to  be  paid  more  than  others  ; 
moreover,  Burent  has  used  more  .shoes,  &c.,  which  these 
2£  6s.  cannot  pay  for.  I  do  not  know  why  any  one  would 
put  money  into  the  hands  of  people  who  do  not  do  what  they 
should  do.  I  will  say  no  more  about  it  until  I  have  the  honor 
to  see  you. 

I  am  respectfully,  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.    ECIVER. 

[Colonel  Boiouet.] 

r.  S. — Burent  has  just  given  me  the  warrant  which  he 
received  from  Mr.  Basset ;  he  does  not  want  pay  for  what  he 
has  done.  I  have  done  what  I  could  to  appease  him,  but  use- 
lessly. Really  I  can  not  blame  him  ;  he  is  not  paid  for  the 
tenth  of  his  services.  He  has  been  a  slave,  and  one  who  has 
done  nothing  has  all  the  profit.  I  will  never  certify  to  an  unjust 
thing  if  it  is  within  my  knowledge,  for  that  would  be  wronging 
the  king.  Moreover,  here  is  a  paragraph  of  an  order  from  the 
General-in-Chief,  which  I  have  received  from  you  :  "  Where 
any  work  is  carried  on  by  artisans  or  laborers,  the  accounts 
of  the  several  workmen  must  be  kept  by  the  commanding 
officer  and  the  person  who  directs  the  work,  from  which 
accounts  only  the  men  will  receive  their  wages."  Thus,  you 
will  see,  Sir,  if  it  is  just  that  Mr.  Baillie,  who  keeps  no  ac- 
count, can  adjust  them,  and  I  pass  and  sign.  S.  E. 

I  have  sent  to  Venango  25  barrels  of  flour  and  beef ;  I 
would  have  sent  it  at  any  rate  without  the  alarm.  Lieutenant 
Gordon  must  have  sent  a  great  deal  to  Le  Boeuf.  In  his  last 
letter  he  remarks  to  me  that  he  has  only  provision  for  si.\ 


IS 

id 

ill 


ie 


)r 


S.    KCUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FOKT    HITT,    I763.  I35 

weeks.  He  has  been  very  imprudent  in  sending  two  ex- 
presses by  land,  which  have  not  arrived  here,  and  one  by  boat 
without  necessity ;  this  is  how  they  strip  a  post  unreasonably. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully  and  without  reserve, 
Sir,  your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.    ECUVER. 

[Colonel  Bouquet.] 

P,  S. — Mr.  Croghan  departs  on  the  25th  for  Bedford  and 
Carlisle.  The  Dulcinia  has  given  the  itch  to  poor  Baillie  and 
others. 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  FROM   CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 
(Received  the  29th  at  Carlisle.) 

Fort  Pitt,  June  18,  1763. 
vSV;'.' — In  my  last,  dated  the  i6th,  I  sent  you  a  short  dis- 
course between  four  Shawnees  and  Mr.  McKee.  The  next 
morning  they  recalled  him  and  addressed  to  him  the  discourse 
here  added.  Mr.  McKee  gives  great  credit  to  it.  As  to  me, 
I  do  not  believe  such  vagabonds.  I  have  seen  but  few  Indians 
around  us  until  this  time.  However  it  may  be,  they  will  come 
when  they  wish.  The  post  is  in  a  good  state,  and  I  cannot 
imagine  that  they  will  dare  attempt  an  assault.  I  wish  they 
would  do  it ;  they  would  remember  it  for  more  than  four  days. 
I  have  no  news  from  any  post  but  from  Bedford  and  Ligo- 
nier.     All  is  well. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  EcUVER. 

[Colonel  Bouquet.] 


u^ 


MOUQUKT    PAPERS. 


'■  j|-    f 


M 


[Hritisli  Museum. — Houquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(Endorsed.) 
( Received  at  Carlisle,  July  3d.) 

FoKT  Pitt,  June  26,  1763,  at  11  o'clock  i'.m. 
Sir: — Since  my  last,  dated  the  i8th,  nothing  extraordinary 
has  happened,  excepting  some  slight  alarms  from  time  to 
time,  until  the  afternoon  of  the  22d,  when  the  savages  showed 
themselves  and  descended  into  the  plain,  driving  into  the 
woods  a  part  of  our  horses,  and  killing  some  cattle,  after 
which  they  attacked  the  fort  from  all  sides  excepting  from 
the  other  side  of  the  Monongehela,  but  at  a  great  distance. 
I  had,  however,  a  militia  killed  and  another  wounded,  I  dis- 
persed them  a  little  later  with  a  howitzer  and  two  cannon 
shots,  which  assuredly  were  not  without  effect.  We  fired  but 
three  guns  against  these  Indians,  of  whom  one  was  killed. 
They  came  to  take  a  horse  opposite  here,  where  Fleming's 
house  was.  On  the  night  of  the  23d  and  24th  they  prowled 
around  the  fort  to  reconnoitre,  and  after  midnight  the  Dela- 
wares  asked  to  speak  to  Mr.  McKee.  You  will  find  annexed 
our  different  conversations.  The  returns  of  the  month  :  the 
three  deaths  are  three  of  my  men  killed.  I  have  besides  that 
a  regular  wounded,  two  militia  killed  and  two  wounded.  The 
garrison  consists  of  330  men  all  counted,  104  women,  106 
children.  Total  540  mouths,  of  which  nearly  420  receive  the 
provisions  of  the  king.  Mr.  Price  arrived  this  morning  with 
seven  men  of  his  garrison,  and  as  he  has  the  honor  to  write 
to  you,  I  will  say  no  more  about  him,  having  had  little  time 
to  talk  to  him  since  his  arrival. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully.  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  EcUYER. 

[Colonel  Bouquet.] 


S.    FXUYKR,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    PUT,    I763.  I37 


The  26th,  five  hours  after  noon. 
Declaration  of  Benjamin  Gray,  soldier  of  the  company  of 
Cochran.  He  had  left  Presqu'  Isle  the  22d  :  Monday,  the 
igth,  in  the  morning,  250  Indians  attacked  the  place ;  they 
fought  all  the  day  and  the  next  day.  The  day  after  Mr. 
Christie  capitulated  they  should  have  given  him  an  escort  to 
here  with  provision  for  six  days,  but  after  having  pillaged, 
they  massacred  our  people.  He  and  two  others  fled  to  the 
woods.  He  assures  us  that  the  Indians  were  of  four  nations 
— Ottawas,  Chipawas,  Wyandotts  and  Senaccas.  He  had 
himself  seen  the  schooner  going  to  Detroit,  but  he  does  not 
know  if  it  was  loaded  with  provisions.  He  passed  by  Le 
Boeuf  and  Venango,  which  were  destroyed. 

S.  ECUVER. 


[liritish  Museum.— Houquet  Papers] 

LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

( Kndorsed.) 
(Received  the  6th  of  November,  1763.) 

Fort  Pitt,  August  2,  1763. 

Sin — I  have  at  this  moment  received  John  Hudson  with  one 
of  your  letters  only.  I  hastened  him  off  instantly.  He  was 
three  days  among  our  enemies.  He  will  tell  you  more  of  it 
than  I  can.  I  have  not  received  letters  in  reply  to  mine  of 
the  date  June  26th.  I  have  had  ten  days  of  council  with  the 
Indians ;  you  will  see  their  demands  and  my  reply  which 
Mr.  McKee  sent  to  Mr.  Croghan. 

On  the  28th,  of  the  afternoon,  they  came  to  attack  us  very 

briskly,  and  very  soon  all  the  bank  of  the  lower  town  was 

surrounded.     The  garden  of  Mr,  Rosgruge,  behind  our  brick 

barrier,  just  to  where  the  house  of  Captain  Basset  was,  there 

10 


;.f 


i 


I 


J,; 


!:1 


!l 


\  .1 


■'i 
I, 

! 


i|i« 


i;^ 


?■■. 


,  i 


i 


t|8 


nOUQUET    I'AI'KRS. 

Tilt')'   were   well   covered   and   ourselves   the 


was  a  mol). 

same.  • 

They  did  us  no  harm, — no  one  killed.  Seven  wounded — 
myself  lightly.  Their  attack  la.sted  5  days  and  5  nights. 
We  are  certain  of  having  killed  and  wounded  20  of  their  men, 
without  counting  tho.se  which  we  have  not  seen.  I  did  not 
permit  any  one  to  fire  until  they  .saw  the  object,  and  as  soon 
as  they  showed  their  noses  they  were  picked  off  like  flies,  for 
I  had  good  marksriien.  They  recrossed  the  Ohio  on  the 
arrival  of  your  express,  and  after  having  read  your  letters. 
I  will  tell  you  more  about  it  when  I  have  the  honor  to  see 
you.  I  have  at  present  four  legs  of  beef  and  no  flour.  Bring 
a  great  deal  of  it  or  the  jaws  will  rest  immovable.  Nothing 
to  wash  our  throats.  No  Indian  herb  for  the  morning,  and 
none  of  that  kind  of  cabbage  to  mi.x  with  it ;  however,  an 
old  soldier  can  dispense  with  all  that  as  well  as  with  other 
things,  and  in  the  meanwhile  I  have  the  honor  to  be  very 
perfectly,  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.    ECUVER. 

[To  Colonel  Bouquet.] 

[British  Museum. — Additional  Manuscript,  21,649.] 

LETTER  TO  S.  ECUYER. 

(Tiie  Bouquet  Papers,  Volume  VII.,  page  153.) 

(Endorsed.) 

(Captain  Ecuyer,  November  8,  1763.  Received  tlie  1311;  Addressed, 
on  His  Majesty's  Service,  to  Henry  Bouquet,  Esq.,  Colonel  of  the  First 
Batt.  R.  A.  R.,  etc.,  at  Fort  Pitt.) 

Bedford,  November  8,  1763. 

Sir: — We  arrived  here  the  4th  of  the  month  and  departed 

the  9th.     I  do  not  know  when  we  will  arrive  at  Ligonier,  for 


S.    KCrVEK,    COMMANDANT    AT    lOKT    I'ITT,    I763. 


139 


M 


tin 


the  roads  are  terrible  for  the  chariots.  Our  escort  is  very 
weak.  We  have  only  six  militia,  and  our  detachment 
diminishes  every  day.  We  have  two  invalids  and  eight 
deserters,  viz. :  Armstrong,  Childers,  Cope,  Arneld,  Negely, 
Tovvnhawer,  Grenadiers  Darks  and  Fill.  I  suppose  several 
will  depart  this  night.  I  have  done  all  that  it  was  in  my 
power  to  retain  them,  but  all  useless.  They  are  rascals  and 
mutineers  of  the  first  order,  above  all  the  Grenadiers.  I 
suppose  that  Cotton  and  the  scamp  de  Mains  will  go  also ; 
that  will  only  be  a  benefit,  for  these  two  wags  are  capable  of 
corrupting  a  whole  regiment.  I  never  had  a  detachment  so 
disagreeable  in  my  life,  occasioned  by  their  bad  conduct. 

I  have  written  to  Messrs.  Belneves  and  Dow  to  have  them 
put  in  prison  if  they  show  themselves  in  the  province.  I 
made  a  distribution  of  clothes  to-day.  The  eight  scamps  left 
with  their  old  people.  The  soldiers  which  are  here  and  at 
Ligonier  in  garrison  complain  bitterly  that  they  are  not 
provided  for,  and  I  have  no  money  to  give  them.  We  prepare 
to  suffer  rain,  snow  and  cold  without  counting  fatigue  before 
we  will  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you. 

Waiting  for  that  desired  time,  I  have  the  honor  to  be  very 

respectfully,  sir, 

Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

.     S.  ECUVER. 
[Colonel  Bouquet.] 


a| 


■V 


"tt 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 
LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

(On  the  back:   Nov.  14th,  1763,  11  o'clock  forenoon,  met 

an  express  from  Captain  Stewart  at  Bedford,  the  contents  of 

which  obliges  me  to  proceed  with  the  utmost  expedition  to 

Bedford.) 

Chas.  Forbes. 


140 


IIOUQUET   I'AI'EKS. 


i  ,' 


(A  mile  nearer  I.igonier  than  the  crossings  of  the  road. 
Kndorseil  Captain  Kciiyer,  Nov.  13th,  1763.  Answered  the 
i6th,  adtlressed,  on  His  Majesty's  Service,  To  Henry  Hou- 
quet,  Ksq.,  Commanding  his  Majesty's  Forces  to  the  West- 
wards, etc.,  at  Fort  Pitt. ) 

Bkdi'okd,  Nov.  13,  1763. 

Sir: — I  hope  you  have  received  the  express  which  Captain 
Stewart  .sent  you  with  a  letter  dated  from  camp  four  miles 
from  Bedford,  November  nth. 

We  marched  (m  that  day  to  the  foot  of  the  Allegheny  and 
when  our  carrier  guard  joined  us  they  reported  to  us,  that  four 
different  parties  of  Indians  had  been  di-scovered;  they  killed 
for  us  one  driver  and  one  horse,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Bedford  two  of  the  inhabitants  were  cruelly  massacred  and  a 
third  carried  off. 

Captain  Ourry  came  this  morning  to  the  camp  to  see  us, 
but  we  had  left,  and  he  came  near  being  among  the  victims, 
for  the  driver  was  killed  very  near  to  him.  Their  intention  was 
to  take  him  prisoner,  but  not  being  able  to  do  that,  they  mor- 
tally wounded  him.  Our  rear  guard  ran  up  and  they  took  to 
the  woods. 

After  all  this  intelligence  Captain  Stewart  sent  an  oflficer 
with  a  party  to  reconnoitre  the  top  of  the  mountain  and 
escort  two  expresses  to  carry  letters  to  you,  but  being  near  to 
the  breastworks,  they  discovered  and  saw  six  savages  coming 
to  reconnoitre  our  camp  ;  they  were  followed  as  they  believe 
by  several  others.  Warned  by  the  noise  of  the  stones  and  other 
things  they  retreated  and  arrived  at  the  camp  at  midnight; 
we  were  all  under  arms.  After  all  these  discoveries  Captain 
Stewart  called  together  all  the  officers  and  demanded  their 
opinion  which  was  unanimous,  to  return  to  Bedford,  to  save 
the  convoy  and  wait  for  a  sufficient  escort,  for  eighty  men  in 


t 
■•.V 


1    . 

V 

v.  ■ 


'Si' 


^ggaaaaaa^ 


S.    KCl'VKR,   COMMANDANT    A I    ictKI    IMTI,    1763.  I4I 


all  was  not  a  sufficient  escort  for  twenty-three  waj;oiis,  300 
horses,  160  cattle.  I  think  they  wishetl  to  attack  us  before 
we  should  arrive  at  Ligonier,  perhaps  hopinjj  to  be  more  for- 
tunate than  between  Ligonier  and  l''ort  Pitt.  It  is  desolation 
on  our  frontiers.  It  is  said  here  for  certain,  that  the  province 
of  Pennsylvania  is  going  to  raise  three  battalions  and  some 
rangers.  ' 

The  Cherokees  have  refused  the  presents  and  have  declared 
that  so  long  as  there  is  one  man  living  they  will  not  treat 
with  us.  It  is  said  also,  that  the  Senaccas  have  been  so  badly 
received  when  they  have  demanded  to  renew  the  chain  of 
friendship,  that  they  have  all  taken  the  hatchet  and  it  was 
they  who  made  the  attacks  (coup)  at  the  portage  of  Niagara. 
What  will  the  five  other  nations  do .'  We  have  several  men 
in  my  detachment  incapable  of  marching.  I  have  also  the 
great  scamps,  Maines  and  Coyle,  prisoners  for  desertion. 
Here  are  the  names  of  those  who  have  deserted  since  my  let- 
ter of  the  8th,  Hurst,  Miller,  Colton,  Green,  Hook,  Ward, 
Smith,  Grend.  Burgess,  Higgs  and  Anderson,  Grenadiers, 
total  eighteen  and  two  prisoners,  besides  those  who  de» 
parted  before  we  marched  here.  I  have  served  more  than 
twenty-two  years,  but  I  have  never  seen  the  like,  a  troop  of 
mutineers,  of  bandits,  of  cut-throats,  above  all  the  Grenadiers. 
I  have  been  obliged  after  all  imaginable  patience  to  have 
flogged  two  on  the  field  and  without  court-martial.  One 
wished  to  kill  the  Sergeant  and  the  other  wanted  to  kill  me. 
I  was  on  the  point  of  blowing  out  his  brains,  but  the  fear  of 
killing  or  wounding  some  one  of  those  who  were  around  us 
prevented  me.  What  a  disagreeable  thing.  In  the  name  of 
God  let  me  retire  to  my  country  seat.  It  is  in  your  power.  Sir, 
to  let  me  go,  and  I  will  be  eternally  grateful.  Do  not  refuse 
me  this  favor  I  pray  you,  otherwise  I  will  not  get  better  and 
I  do  not  know  if  I  will  be  in  a  state  to  mount  with  the  convoy. 


II 


f 


1 


142 


nOUQUET    PAPERS. 


Waiting  for  news  of  you,  I  pray  you  to  believe  me,  very  re- 
spectfully, Sir, 

Yourverv  I  imble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.  ECUVER. 

[Colonel  Bouquet.] 


U  il 


[British  Museum. — Bouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  ECUYER. 

( Endorsed.) 

(Received  the  29th.    Addressed— On  His  Majesty's  Service,  to  Henry 

Bouquet,  Esq.,  Colonel  Commanding  His  Majesty's 

Forces  to  the  Westward,  etc.,  at  Fort  Pitt.) 

Bedford,  November  20,  1763. 

Sir: — I  have  received  your  two  letters  by  Captain  Forbes, 
dated  the  13th  and  i6th  of  the  month.  We  have  not  had  any 
desertions  since  my  last  letter.  I  am  distressed  to  be  obliged 
to  remain  here,  my  health  does  not  permit  me  to  undertake 
the  journey  to  Fort  Pitt.  Doctor  Boyd  will  tell  you  the  same, 
that  I  am  not  capable  of  bearing  the  fatigue.  I  have  a  great 
cold  in  my  head  and  fever  every  night,  sick  .stomach  and  head- 
ache, accompanied  by  an  abscess  in  the  place  where  I  was 
wounded  at  Quebec,  which  causes  me  inexpressible  suffering. 
However,  I  hope  that  this  complication  of  ills  will  have  no 
evil  result  and  as  you  cannot  give  me  a  furlough,  I  will  join 
the  battalion  as  soon  as  possible ;  in  the  meanwhile  I  will 
remain  here  ready  to  receive  your  orders. 

I  have  desired  Mr.  Hutchins  to  arrange  all  my  accounts 
and  pay  the  balance  to  my  men  and  that  he  will  have  the 
goodness  to  send  me  some  linen,  for  I  am  naked  as  the  hand, 
having  only  brought  with  me  four  woven  shirts.  1  congratu- 
late you  on  the  journey  of  Sir  Jeffry,  he  is  much  regretted  by 
all  the  army. 


re- 


S.  ECUYER,  COMMANDANT  AT  FORT  I'lTT,  1 763.     I43 

General  Gage  will  command,  it  is  said,  until  the  arrival  of 
General  Moncton.  There  you  see  the  changes  more  prompt 
than  could  have  been  expected  from  them.  I  acknowledge 
that  the  American  army  is  agreeably  surprised.  The  great 
Babylon  has  fallen,  and  all  the  undermined  world  rests  on  its 
foundation.  What  cries  of  universal  joy,  and  what  bumpers  of 
Madeira  will  be  drunk  on  his  prompt  departure.  God  knows 
whether  he  will  deign  to  reply  to  our  last  letters ;  he  is  suf- 
ficiently pleased  to  leave  you  in  the  lurch.  I  know  that  you 
will  draw  good  from  it,  notwithstanding  his  jealousy.  I  pray 
very  humbly,  Sir,  to  you  to  take  the  trouble  to  speak  to  Cap- 
tain Barnsley  with  regard  to  my  subsistence.  I  wouLI  be 
charmed  if  things  could  be  arranged  pleasantly.  He  charges 
me  ten  shillings  .  .  .  more  than  it  cost.  There  is  the  way 
some  people  make  money  in  the  world.  It  seems  to  me  that 
after  having  spent  foolishly  my  money  during  i8  months  he 
might  as  well  give  me  the  change.  He  has  lost  nothing  by  me ; 
but  when  one  is  a  Jew  he  is  a  Jew,  and  remains  so,  besides 
that  there  is  due  me  two  sch.  sterling  a  day,  too  much  pay 
for  the  music,  from  the  25th  of  April,  1762,  until  October  24, 
1763.  Never  was  detachment  more  disagreeable  than  this 
one,  above  all  for  poor  Captain  Stewart  as  commandant.  He 
has  been  very  badly  served  and  obeyed  by  some  of  the  officers, 
so  that  after  all  the  patience  imaginable  he  sees  himself  in  the 
hard  necessity  to  send  to  you  Lieutenants  Guy  and  Watson, 
prisoners  for  faults  and  crimes  for  which  in  all  other  services 
the  last  would  have  had  his  head  broken,  I  am  not  surprised 
if  the  soldiers  mutiny  when  the  officers  conduct  themselves 
in  that  way.  I  will  say  no  more  about  it ;  you  will  see  in  the 
papers  more  than  you  wish  to.  Mr.  Guy  has  surely  neglected 
his  duty  ;  he  left  his  guard  the  day  of  the  mutiny,  took  lodg- 
ings in  town  without  permission,  while  I,  though  sick,  camped 
with  the  soldiers.    One  evering,  when  he  was  on  duty,  he  did 


j." 


I    tifl' 


\  '1'    ,'.; ' ! 


i       V. 


144 


BOUQUET    PAPERS. 


not  make  his  round.  I  spoke  of  it  to  him  the  next  day,  on 
which  he  replied  that  if  he  knew  the  reporter  he  would  kick 
him  on  the  back,  I  replied  that  it  was  me,  and  that  it  was  my 
duty,  and  it  seemed  to  me  that  every  one  should  do  his.  He 
retired,  some  days  after  he  was  put  under  arrest,  I  wrote  to 
him  and  advised  him  as  a  friend,  but  he  did  not  deign  to  reply, 
I  abandon  him  to  his  unhappy  fate  and  pity  him.  He  is  an 
idiot  who  lets  himself  be  led,  and  who  follows  a  bad  guide.  He 
is  uncourteous  to  be  obstinate  when  he  is  entirely  in  the  wrong. 
It  is  true  that  when  one  breakfasts  with  a  toddy  one  is  liable 
to  commit  great  faults  during  the  day  and  to  repent  in  the 
evening.     However  it  may  be,  he  comes  out  badly  from  it. 

I   continue  to   recommend   myself  to  the  honor  of  your 
remembrance  and  to  call  myself  very  respectfully,  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant, 

S.    KCUVER. 

[CoLoxEL  Bouquet.] 

P,  S. — I  must  not  neglect  to  recommend  to  you  Mr.  Hutch- 
ins  as  a  worthy  officer.  He  has  given  himself  all  imaginable 
trouble  and  has  been  of  great  use  to  Captain  Stewart  and  the 
detachment.  His  diligence  and  good  will  merits  more  than  I 
can  tell  you. 


[The  IJouquet  Papers.] 

LETTER  TO  MAJOR  GLADWIN. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  28,  1763. 
Dear  Sir: — I  had  last  night  the  very  great  pleasure  to  re- 
ceive your  letter  of  the  28th  of  July  by  your  express  Andrew, 
who  .says  he  was  detained  by  sickness  at  Sandusky.     Your 
letters  for  the  General  are  forwarded. 


!  '  \ 


,.['f  ■.'^' 


S.    ECUVEK,    COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    I'ITT,    1763.  I45 


A  Mohawk  having  reported  to  Sir  Wm.  Johnson  that  De 
Troit  was  taken,  I  could  not  help  being  uneasy,  tho'  long 
acquainted  with  Indian  lies.  It  was  a  great  satisfaction  to 
me  to  know  from  yourself  that  you  have  been  able  to  defend 
that  post,  with  so  few  men,  against  that  multitude.  What 
was  known  below  of  your  firm  and  prudent  conduct  from  the 
beginning  of  the  Insurrection  had  obtained  the  General's 
approbation,  and  does  you  the  greatest  honor. 

The  loss  of  all  our  detached  posts  is  no  more  than  could  be 
t  xpected  from  their  defenceless  state ;  but  Captain  Campbell's 
teath  affects  me  sensibly. 

I  pity  the  unfortunate  who  remain  yet  in  the  power  of  the 
barbarians,  as  every  step  we  take  to  rescue  them  may  and 
will  probably  hasten  their  death.  Your  express  says  that 
after  he  left  the  De  Troit  two  Wiandots  told  him  that  the 
detachment  of  300  men  from  Niagara  had  joined  you  with 
provisions.  This  will  give  you  some  ease  till  more  effectual 
reinforcements  can  be  sent. 

You  know  that  you  are  to  have  the  command  of  all  the 
troops  destined  for  De  Troit  and  to  retake  possession  of  the 
country  now  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  To  that 
effect  the  General  collects  all  the  troops  that  can  be  spared  at 
Niagara,  and  Presque  Isle.*  The  remains  of  the  42d  and 
77th  were  ordered  to  join  you  this  way,  when  we  had  intelli- 
gence that  Venango  had  been  surprised.  Lieutenant  Gordon 
and  all  his  unfortunate  garrison  massacred.  Le  Boeuff  aban- 
doned and  Presque  Isle  surrendered,  to  my  unspeakable  aston- 
ishment, as  I  knew  the  strength  of  that  block  house,  which 
would  have  been  relieved  from  Niagara. 

Fort  Pitt  was  attacked  and  invested  by  all  the  Delawares 
and  parts  of  the  Shawnese,  Wiandots  and  Mingoes,  to  the 

*  Erie. 

t  On  French  Creek. 


146 


HOUOUET   PAPERS. 


U1 


'I  \ 


^p  ']'i 


number  of  400,  by  their  account,  but  much  more  considerable, 
as  we  found  afterward,  besides  their  women  and  children, 
which  they  had  brought  here  to  carry  the  plunder  to  their 
towns,  not  doubting  to  take  the  place.  Fort  Burd,  on  the 
Monongehela,  Bushy  Run  and  Stoney  Creek  were  abandoned 
for  want  of  men, 

Ligonier,*  a  post  of  great  consequence  to  us,  was  defended 
with  a  handful  of  men  by  Lieut.  Blane,  and  Capt.  Ecuyer  baf- 
fled all  their  efforts  here,  though  the  fort  was  open  on  three 
sides ;  the  floods  having  undermined  the  sodwork,  the  ram- 
part had  tumbled  in  the  ditch.  He  pallissadoed  and  fraised 
the  whole,  raised  a  parapet  all  around,  and  in  a  short  time 
with  a  small  garrison  he  has  made  it  impregnable  for  savages. 
Besides  their  attack  on  the  forts,  they  kept  parties  on  the 
communication  and  interrupted  all  expresses,  while  others 
falling  upon  the  frontier  settlements  spread  terror  and  deso- 
lation through  the  whole  country.f 

Things  being  in  that  situation  I  received  orders  to  march 
with  the  above  troops,  the  only  force  the  General  could  col- 
lect at  that  time  for  the  relief  of  this  fort,  which  was  in  great 
want  of  provisions,  the  little  flour  they  had  being  damaged. 

In  that  pressing  danger  the  provinces  refused  to  give  us 
the  least  assistance.  Having  formed  a  convoy,  I  marched 
from  Carlisle  the  i8th  of  July  with  about  460  rank  and  file, 
being  the  remains  of  the  42d  and  77th  regiments,  many  of 
them  convalescents.  I  left  thirty  men  at  Bedford,  and  as 
many  at  Ligonier,  where  I  arrived  on  the  2d  instant.  Hav- 
ing no  intelligence  of  the  enemy,  I  determined  to  leave  the 
waggons  at  that  post  and  to  proceed  with  400  horses,  loaded 
with  flour,  to  be  less  incumbered  in  case  of  an  action. 

♦  Red  Stone,  old  fort,  one  mile  above  the  mouth  of  Red  Stone  Creek ; 
east  side  of  Loyalhanna  Creek. 
t  Battle  of  Bushy  Run. 


S.    ECUVER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    PITT,    1763.  I47 

I  left  Ligonieron  the  4th,  and  on  the  5th  instant,  at  i  o'clock 
P.M.,  after  marching  seventeen  miles,  we  were  suddenly  at- 
tacked by  all  the  savages  collected  about  Fort  Pitt.  I  shall 
not  enter  into  the  detail  of  that  obstinate  action,  which  lasted 
till  night,  and  beginning  early  the  6th  continued  till  i  o'clock, 
when  at  last  we  routed  them.  They  were  pursued  about  two 
miles  and  so  well  dispersed  that  we  have  not  seen  one  since  ; 
as  we  were  excessively  distressed  by  the  total  want  of  water, 
we  marched  immediately  to  the  nearest  spring  without 
inquiring  into  the  loss  of  the  enemy,  who  must  have  suffered 
greatly  by  their  repeated  and  bold  attacks  in  which  they  were 
constantly  repulsed.  Our  loss  is  very  considerable.  Of  the 
42d:  Captain-Lieutenant  Graham,  Lieutenant  Mcintosh,  Ran- 
gers Lieutenant  Randall  killed.  42d  :  Captain  John  Graham, 
Lieutenant  Dun  Campbell  wounded.  77th :  Lieutenant 
Donald  Campbell.  Volunteer  People :  killed,  50 ;  wounded, 
60 ;  in  all,  1 10. 

After  delivering  our  convoy  here,  part  of  the  troops  were 
embarked  and  s^nt  down  the  river  to  cut  off  the  Shawnees  ; 
the  rest  went  back  to  Ligonier,  and  brought  our  wagons  on 
the  22d.  The  great  fatigues  of  long  marches,  and  of  being 
always  under  arms  has  occasioned  great  sickness,  which,  with 
the  loss  in  the  action,  puts  it  out  of  my  power  to  send  you 
the  remains  of  the  two  regiments  ordered  to  join  you  by 
Presque  Isle,  till  I  receive  a  reinforcement.  This  gives  me 
great  uneasiness,  as  I  know  that  they  are  much  wanted. 

But  you  may  be  assured  that  we  shall  do  everything  in  the 
pov  .-r  of  man  to  assist  you.  I  am  to  remain  here  myself, 
ready  to  go  down  the  river  with  a  strong  body,  which  is  to  be 
ordered  for  that  service. 

As  I  have  no  means  to  procure  intelligence  from  Presque 
Isle,  I  am  obliged  to  send  your  e.xpress  that  way,  and  at  his 
return  I  will  dispatch  him  by  Sandusky,  with  what  news  I 


«■ 


I 


148 


HOLgUET    PAPERS. 


may  then  have  received  and  a  duplicate  of  this.  It  is  very 
agreeable  to  me  to  hear  that  our  officers  with  you  have  been 
so  happy  as  to  obtain  your  approbation  of  their  services,  and 
I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  the  honor  you  have  done  them. 
•  I  enclose  the  latest  papers  we  have.  Two  of  our  battalions 
are  reduced.  I  know  nothing  certain  of  the  numbers  of  corps 
remaining. 

I  am,  dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  humble  servant, 

H.  Bouquet,  Col. 


M 


\i  \ 


ORDERLY  BOOK. 

'  Fort  Pitt,  Saturday,  May  28,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Devon- 
shire. The  battalion  to  be  urder  arms  to-morrow  morning 
at  6  o'clock,  the  men's  arms  and  accoutrements  to  be  clean 
and  in  good  order  for  to-day,  to-morrow  Lieutenant  Carre. 

For  Guard  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  22  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  May  29,  1763.  Sunday,  G.  O.  parole,  George. 
The  officer  of  the  day  in  case  of  an  alarm  to  take  the  com- 
mand of  the  main  guard  and  wait  under  arms  for  further 
orders. 

R.  O.  for  the  day  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Guy. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  May  30,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Vesel. 
The  bridge  to  be  drawn  up  at  retreat  beating  till  further 
orders.  The  artillery  to  give  a  sentinel  to  the  flag  bastion. 
The  officer  of  the  day  to  visit  all  the  sentinels  in  the  forts 
once  every  night,  at  any  hour  he  pleases  after  11  o'clock 
and  order  paroles  from  the  main  guard  twice  in  the  night. 

R.  O.  for  the  day  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Baillie. 

G,  after  orders.  The  officer  of  the  day  to  take  the  com- 
mand of  a  picket  of  i  ,  r,  r',  20"  at  retreat  beating,  who  are 
to  lodge  on  the  grenadier  bastion  all  night,  to  keep  four  senti- 
nels which  the  adjutant  will  place.     All  the  men  off  duty  to 


-rr=:--?:-^»t'ii^r 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT    AT   FOKT    IMTT,    I763, 


149 


lay  on  their  arms  without  pcing  off  their  clothes,  and  no 
man  whatever  to  be  permitted  to  sleep  out  of  the  fort.  The 
whole  garrison  to  be  under  arms  every  morning  one  hour 
before  day  till  further  orders.  And  the  sergeants  and 
corporals  are  requested  to  see  their  men  turn  out  without  the 
least  noise  and  acquaint  their  officers  who  are  immediately  to 
join  them. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  May  31,  1763,  G.  O.  parole,  Plymouth  ; 
countersign,  Canterbury.  The  militia  to  march  into  the  fort 
this  evening  at  the  retreat  beating,  with  their  arms,  ammuni- 
tion and  accoutrements,  after  which  the  rolls  of  the 
companies  are  to  be  called  ;  no  man  whatever  to  be  permitted 
to  leave  the  fort  without  permission  from  the  commanding 
officer.  In  case  of  an  attack  the  women  to  provide  and  serve 
the  men  upon  duty  with  water  and  to  take  care  not  to  make 
the  least  noise  in  going  backwards  and  forwards  in  the  fort 
or  they  will  be  turned  out  of  it.  Quartermaster  Clark  to 
provide  all  the  tents  that  can  be  had  for  the  militia  to  pitch 
on  or  near  the  bastions. 

The  R.  A.  to  give  for  picket  to-night  V :  2.  12'"')  ^   ^  -a 
The  militia  to  give  V  :  i.  12'"  f"'  ^'    '* 

i.  O.  for  the  day  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Donalon. 

1  ort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  June  i,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Dublin ; 
countersign,  Cooke. 

The  whole  garrison  to  be  under  arms  this  evening  at  6 
o'clock  ;  the  musicians,  drummers  and  servants  to  fall  in  with 
their  company  with  arms  and  accoutrements.  The  Drum 
Major  to  act  as  orderly  drummer  till  further  orders. 

A  return  of  the  effective  strength  of  each  company, 
including  the  militia,  to  be  given  in  at  the  same  time  to  the 
commanding  officer. 

The  militia  to  draw  provisions  on  Saturday  next  with  the 
companies  they  are  incorporated  into.     Commanding  officers 


I' I 


n 
til 


I  fiii 


w 


^    I! 


ISO 


UOUQUET   PAPERS. 


t   l; 


■(■  u 


of  companies  are  to  see  that  their  militia  are  immediately 
provided  with  powder,  flints  and  such  balls  as  are  fit  and 
suitable  for  their   fire-locks  and  rifles. 

R.  O.  for  the  day  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Carre. 

Fort  Pitt,  Thursday,  June  2,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  London ; 
countersign,  Chatham.  Quatermaster  Clark  to  get  the 
provision  return  of  each  company,  including  the  militia, 
to-morrow  morning  at  8  o'clock,  and  inform  the  commissary 
what  fresh  provisions  there  will  be  occasion  to  kill.  Picket 
as  usual. 

R.  O.  for  the  day  to-morrow.  Lieutenant  Grey. 

Commanding  officers  of  companies  to  examine  their  militia 
this  evening  at  roll  calling,  if  they  are  all  provided  with  a  suf- 
ficiency of  ammunition  and  balls  fitted  to  their  pieces,  and  to 
see  those  provided  that  are  deficient. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  June  3,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  DeTroit. 
The  picket  and  guard  to  join  under  the  command  of  the 
officers  of  the  day,  and  to  be  relieved  every  evening  at 
retreat  beating ;  in  the  day,  the  whole  to  lodge  in  the  guard 
room,  and  in  the  night  upon  the  grenadier  bastion,  as  usual. 
The  adjutant  will  give  every  evening  to  the  officer  of  the  day 
the  signal,  that  the  patrols  of  the  outposts  will  give  to  the 
sentinels  when  challenged  by  them,  which  he  will  communi- 
cate to  his  sentinels.  All  the  men  to  receive  a  dram  this 
evening  for  their  good  behavior  and  another  to-morrow  to 
drink  his  Majesty's  health,  it  being  his  birthday.  The  com- 
manding officer  desires  his  thanks  to  be  given  to  the  garrison 
in  general  for  the  assiduity  in  carrying  on  this  work  with 
such  good  spirit  and  dispatch,  and  for  the  future  orders  that 
but  one  half  of  the  garrison  off  duty  be  ordered  for  work  in 
the  forenoon  and  to  be  relieved  by  the  other  half  in  the  after- 
noon. 

For  the  parade  to-night  3  sergs.,  3  corps.,  and  60  p's  for  the 
day.     To-morrow  Ensign  Ilutchins. 


S.    KCUYER,    COMMANOANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    I763.  151 


Fort   Pitt,  Saturday,  June  4,  1763,  G.  O.  parole,  the  King; 
countersign,  George,  which  is  to  be  given  by  all  rounds  and 
patrols  within  and  without  the  garrison  to  the  sentinels  when 
challenged  by  them,  upon  which  they  are  to  be  allowed  to 
pass.     As  it  is  necessary  (for  more  ease  to  the  men)  to  divide 
the  garrison  into  two  reliefs,  and  a  Captain  being  wanting, 
the  commanding  officer  is   pleased  to  appoint   Lieutenant 
Carre  to  do  duty  as  Captain   Lieutenant  for  the  time  being, 
and  he  is  to  be  obeyed  as  such.     Captain  Phillips'  division  for 
duty   to-night    to   consist   of    Lieutenant    Grey,    Donallon, 
McKee  and  Milligan.     6',  l%  2',  g6^  to  be  relieved  to-morrow 
morning  by  Captain    Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Baillie, 
Hutchins,    Fleming  and   Graber   5"  9'    gff^ .     The   Quarter 
Master  to  visit  the  barracks  every  other  day,  to  see  that  they 
are  kept  clean  and  void  of  all  nuisance  that  might  infect  the 
Garrison,  which   he  will   report  to  the  commanding  officer. 
He  is  also  to  deliver  this  evening  to  a  Sergeant  of  each  com- 
pany two  quarts  of  loose  powder,  which  they  are  to  distribute 
to  those  men    that    have    cartridges,  and    see  that    they 
strengthen  each  cartridge  by  adding  one-third  of  an  inch  in 
length  to  it.     The  commanding  officer  recommends  it  to  the 
men  (that  in  case  of  an  attack)  they  will  keep  themselves  cool 
and  not  rashly  throw  away  their  ammunition,  by  firing  with- 
out being  sure  of  seeing  the  enemy  before  them  and  by  such 
caution  and  conduct  they  may  assure  themselves  of  success, 
and  he  begs  that  all  the  officers  will  have  a  particular  atten- 
tion to  see  this  order  obeyed.     The  commanding  officer  of 
artillery  to  order  one-half  of  his  detachment  to  their  posts  at 
picket  mounting  in  the  evening,  to  remain  there  all  night. 
Work  to-morrow  as  usual,  and  when  the  drum  beats  for  the 
morning  working  party  to  leave  off  the  afternoon  party  to 
fall  on  for  work.     Each  man  to  have  one  pint  of  beer  issued 
to  him  to-morrow  at  nooi;  by  the  Sergeant-major.     All  orders 


II  ,f  ;i 


152 


HOUQUKT    I'AI'EKS. 


J    i 


concerning  the  men  to  be  read  to  them  by  an  oflficer  of  a 
company  at  roll  calling  in  the  evening. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  June  5,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Westmin- 
ster, countersign  York.  No  horses  to  be  suffered  to  go  loose 
about  the  fort.  The  Quartermaster  to  see  this  order  obeyed. 
He  is  also  to  take  a  list  of  the  number  of  the  women  and  the 
children  in  each  barrack  room,  which  is  to  be  given  in  to  the 
commanding  officer  at  2  o'clock,  in  order  to  have  a  proper 
number  put  together  and  prevent  the  men  from  being  crowded 
and  disturbed.  As  the  dogs  about  the  garrison  make  daily 
great  disturbance,  and  in  case  of  an  attack  might  make  great 
confusion  in  the  garrison  by  their  noise,  that  no  orders  could 
be  heard  or  executed.  It  is  therefore  the  commanding  officer's 
positive  order  that  all  the  dogs  without  exception  that  are  not 
tied  up  after  4  o'clock  this  afternoon  shall  be  killed  and 
that  a  party  be  ordered  immediately  to  put  this  order  in  exe- 
cution. It  is  likewise  the  commanding  officer's  orders  that 
the  wolf  and  bear  be  immediately  killed  or  put  out  of  the 
fort. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  June  6,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Philadel- 
phia; countersign,  Bath.  All  the  men's  arms  to  be  dis- 
charged or  drawn  this  day  between  the  hours  of  11  and 
I  o'clock,  on  the  Monongahela  curtain,  an  officer  of  each 
company  to  be  present  and  to  see  that  every  man,  after  hav- 
ing unloaded  his  piece,  wipes  her  clean  and  loads  her  again. 
Captain  Carre  to  order  those  men  on  duty  to  do  the  same, 
permitting  only  one-half  of  his  guard  to  unload  at  one  time. 
The  cattle  to  be  watered  once  every  day,  and  fed  with  spelts 
twice,  viz.,  at  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  and  4  in  the  after- 
noon, at  which  time  the  women  to  turn  out  to  cut  the  spelts, 
and  in  case  any  of  them  refuse  so  to  do,  they  are  to  be  con- 
fined in  the  guard-room.  A  covering  party  of  r,  r  20""  to 
be  sent  with  them  from  the  guard.    The  captain  and  the 


S.    ECUYEK,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    IMTT,    1763.  153 


j^uard  to  continue  a  corporal  and  8  privates  to  kill  or  drown 
the  dogs. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  June  7,  1763.  G.  ().  parole,  Jersey ; 
countersign.  Grant.  In  case  of  an  alarm,  the  guard  to  take 
the  post  they  occupy  at  night,  and  all  the  men  off  duty  to 
take  their  usual  post  of  alarm,  viz.,  the  grenadiers  upon  the 
Grenadier  bastion,  the  general  company  upon  the  Ohio  bas- 
tion. Captain  Ecuyer's  upon  the  Monongehela  bastion,  Cap- 
tain Gordon  upon  the  Flag  bastio.n.  Captain  Cochran  upon  the 
Music  bastion.  The  Lieutenant-colonels,  the  reserve,  under 
Major  Trent's  orders.  This  disposition  to  take  place  till  fur- 
ther orders ;  and  no  women  at  that  time  to  be  suffered  upon 
the  ramparts  or  to  appear  out  of  their  rooms,  except  such  as 
are  bringing  water  to  men.  Regular  sentinels  always  to  be 
posted  at  the  bridge  gate  and  sally-ports,  who  in  case  of  an 
alarm  are  to  permit  nobody  to  go  out  of  the  fort  without  leave 
from  the  Captain  of  the  guard. 

Fort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  June  8,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Har- 
wick ;  countersign,  Pearth.  Return  of  the  strength  of  each 
company  to  be  given  in  to  the  Sergeant-major  at  2  o'clock. 
A  covering  party  of  an  officer,  r,  V,  30'"  to  parade  at  half 
an  hour  past  2  o'clock,  and  to  march  to  the  spelt  field, 
turning  out  all  the  women  that  are  able  to  use  and  cut  with  a 
sickle,  also  5  or  6  men  to  mow  the  spelts.  It  is  then  to  be 
brought  into  the  charge  and  care  of  the  cattle  guard,  who  are 
to  dry  it  in  the  sun  and  stack  it,  and  the  Sergeant  of  that 
guard  to  be  answerable  that  a  proper  quantity  be  equally 
given  to  the  cattle  daily,  once  in  the  forenoon  and  once  in 
the  afternoon. 

Fort  Pitt,  Thursday,  June  9,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Cum- 
berland ;  countersign,  Cork.  As  the  commanding  officer 
thinks  it  necessary  for  the  benefit  of  the  garrison  to  have 
three  reliefs,  a  return  to  be  given  in  to-morrow  morning  of 


II 


\i 


H 


f. 


t  I 


m 


IIOUyUET    I'AI'KRS. 


'       11 

I        I 


1  I 
.  I        ! 


.'  t 


'■) 


each  company,  incliuliii};  for  duty  the  servants  (who  are  to 
mount  guard  with  their  masters),  4  drummers  and  all  the 
artificers  except  the  following,  viz.,  8  shipwrights,  2  bakers, 
I  gunsmith,  2  wagoners,  i  gardener — the  names  of  which 
the  Sergeant-major  will  acquaint  a  sergeant  of  each  company. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  June  10,  1763.  G.  O.,  Huckingham  ;  coun- 
tersign, How.  The  provision  store  to  be  surveyed  imme- 
diately;  for  that  duty.  Captain  Phillips,  Lieutenant  Donalon, 
Knsign  Hutchins.  Captairv  Phillips  will  report  to  the  com- 
manding officer  the  quantity  they  may  find  a  necessity  for 
condemning.  Ensign  Hutchins  and  Mr  McKee  are  ap- 
pointed to  iluty  with  the  artillery  till  further  orders.  For 
guard  to-night.  Captain  Phillips,  Lieutenant  Donalon  and 
Davenport  5*,  i'',69'"\  The  sergeant  of  each  company  that 
is  off  duty  to  give  in  to  the  adjutant  every  morning  a  return 
of  the  effective  strength  of  the  company  for  duty  that  day, 
mentioning  those  excused  and  unfit  for  duty  on  the  back. 

Fort  Pitt,  Saturday,  June  11,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Boston; 
countersign,  Wales.  For  guard  to-night.  Captain  Carre, 
Lieutenants  t'leming,  Milligan  and  Chri.sty  5',  i  ,  7i*''\  All 
the  chimneys  to  be  swept  this  afternoon,  but  none  of  them  to 
be  cleaned  by  setting  them  on  fire.  The  Quartermaster  to 
see  this  order  complied  with,  and  also  give  orders  to  all  the 
women  against  washing  in  the  barrack  rooms  and  governor's 
house. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  June  12,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Salsbury  ; 
countersign.  Watch.  For  guard  to-night.  Captain  Phillips, 
Lieutenants  Baillie  and  Greber  5  ,  i''  and  71  R.  &  F. 

The  women  to  wash  at  the  batteau-shed  in  the  lower  town 
twice  a  week,  viz.,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  at  which  time 
they  will  have  a  covering  party  from  the  guard  of  a  corporal 
and  six  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  June  13,  1763.     G.  O.  parole,  Kngland  ; 


-I: 

ft: 
f 


.S.    FXUVKK,   COMMANDANT    AT    l-'OUT    l"ITT,    1763.  i55 

countersign,    John,       I'or    guard   to-night,   Cai)ti'\in   (./■  ic, 
Lieutenants  Donalon  and  Davenport  5  ,  i'  ai.t    '/o  i<.  .i  V. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  June  14,  1763.  G.  ().  pai  ile.  r*  pn:.polt.-  ; 
countersign,  Job.  For  guard  to-night,  Ca|'ain  r!>ili»ps. 
Lieutenants  Fleming,  Milligan  and  Chrisly  5",r'  Jind  70  H  si  F, 

Fort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  June  15,  1763.  '1.  ().  pure  k,  Char- 
lotte ;  countersign,  M. 

The  commanding  officer  is  very  much  suiprined  ar''  Aii- 
pleased  at  the  exorbitant  pi  ice  (he  is  informed)  s  mio  ijer'i'-.na 
have  charged  the  poor  and  unfortunate  people  in  the  garrson 
for  Indian  corn,  and  it  is  his  orders  that  none  of  U  be  sokj 
above  the  rate  of  6s  per  bushel,  and  that  whoev-r  ha'-  :".olcl  it 
higher  since  their  coming  into  the  fort  to  return  lo  the  buyej" 
the  overplus.  Sergeants  of  company  to  iioe  .ill  thdr  'i>en 
provided  with  two  firelocks  and  all  the  militia  with  tomuhAwks 
when  under  arms  this  evening.  The  militia  always  to  parade 
with  their  tomahawks.  One  relief  to  march  at  ?  o'clock  this 
day  with  single  firelocks,  to  destroy  the  fences  and  ch'iii  oy* 
of  the  upper  town ;  for  this  duty  Lieuten;u'ts  Donalon  and 
Davenport,  4.  40  R.  and  F.,  with  arms,  30  lani;  a.ul  nlo,  Avith 
falling  axes,  pickaxes  and  spades.  A  I!  tho  women  to  carry 
water,  to  fill  the  empty  casks  upon  tne  ramprirts,  at  4  o'clock 
this  afternoon,  the  casks  ;>>  oe  equahy  distributed  and 
properly  placed  upon  ttu,  bastions  and  curtains.  For  guard 
to-right,  Capt.'.ln  Carre,  Lieutenants  Baillie  and  Graber, 
5  ,  r',  69  R.  and  F.     No  work  this  afternoon. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  16,  1763.     G.  O.  parole,  Amherst, 

Headquarters,  New  York,  May  4,  1763. 

Orders. — His  Excellency,  the  Commander-in-Chief,  makes 
known  to  the  army  that  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  between 
His  Majesty  and  the  most  Christian  and  Catholic  kings  is 
signed,  to  which  order  observance  will  be  had.  Signed, 
Jeoffry  Amherst. 


f 


■;>;■ 


^n 


I    I 


;:MI^ 


•'  ■   I 


156 


BOUQUET   PAPERS. 


General  orders. — Whenever  a  covering  party  is  ordered  out, 
whoever  may  command  the  party  is  not  upon  any  account  to 
allow  any  man  to  pass  his  .sentinels  without  a  written  order 
from  the  commanding  officer  of  the  garrison,  and  none  of  the 
men  to  run  upon  any  occasion  before  their  officer,  but  keep 
themselves  cool  and  wait  for  orders  and  directions ;  then 
they  may  always  assure  themselves  of  success  ;  but  by  running 
without  directions  they  will  fall  in  disorder  and  be  out  of 
breath  when  they  come  up  to  engage  the  enemy,  which  would 
be  of  the  greatest  disadvantage  to  them  and  bad  consequence. 
An  officer  of  each  company  to  see  the  men's  arms  drawn  imme- 
diately, and  the  spare  balls  to  be  delivered  by  the  sergeant  to 
the  Quartermaster  ;  none  of  the  arms  to  be  fired  off  except  the 
rifles.  The  commanding  officer  is  pleased  to  appoint  John 
Robertson,  of  the  grenadier  company.  Sergeant  of  militia,  in 
his  own  company,  in  the  room  of  Sergeant  Miller,  dead,  and 
he  is  to  be  obeyed  as  such.  For  guard  to-night.  Captain 
Phillips,  I.,ieutenants  Donalon  and  Davenport,  5  ,  l  and  70 
R.  and  F. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  ^17,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  America.  As  a 
party  is  expected  daily  from  Bedford,  the  command- 
ing officer  makes  known  to  the  garrison  that  that  party  will 
have  white  garters  tied  round  their  heads,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  enemy,  tho'  their  dress  will  be  something  like  the 
Indian  manner.  And  as  expresses  may  be  expected  daily  or 
nightly,  sentinels  are  to  challenge  i,  2  or  3  persons  that 
may  appear  in  the  night  two  or  three  times  before  they  fire. 
For  guard  to-night.  Captain- Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants 
Fleming,  Christy  and  Milligan,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  70 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  the  i8th,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Bedford.  The 
sentinels  not  to  allow  any  person  to  cut  grass  upon  any 
part  of  the  rampart  or  parapet  without  leave  in  writing  from 


S.    KCUVER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    PITT,    I763.  1 57 

the  commanding  officer,  nor  to  suffer  anybody  but  the  work- 
men to  go  near  the  fascines,  as  machines  are  fixed,  these  not 
showing  where  they  are  placed,  might  be  wounded  or  hurt. 
For  guard  to-night.  Captain  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Baillie  and 
Graber,  i  sergeant,  i  drummer  and  70  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  19,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Granby.  The  gar- 
rison to  be  under  arms  to-morrow  morning  at  2  o'clock,  each 
company  at  their  alarm  posts. 

For  guard  to-night.  Captain  Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieute- 
nants Donelon  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and 

68  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  20,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  D.irby.  As  those 
people  who  have  Indian  corn  for  sale  think  6s  a  bushel  too 
little,  refusing  to  sell  it  at  so  reasonable  a  price,  by  which  the 
poor  and  necessitous  in  the  garrison  are  much  distressed, 
the  commanding  officer  thinks  proper  to  allow  them  to  sell 
it  at  one  dollar  per  bushel,  and  that  whoever  shall  presume  to 
ask  a  higher  price  or  refuse  to  sell  it  at  that  rate  shall  be 
punished  for  disobedience  of  this  order.  The  garrison  to  be 
under  arms  at  2  o'clock  to-morrow  morning. 

For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieuten- 
ants Grey,  Milligan  and  Christy,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and 

69  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  21,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Sunderland.  As 
the  people  who  have  cattle  are  desirous  of  repairing  the 
fences  near  where  Colonel  Burd's  house  stood,  thev  are  to 
be  under  arms  at  2  o'clock  this  afternoon,  and  to  march  there 
together ;  they  are  desired  to  be  very  cautious  and  hurry  their 
work  ;  two  pieces  of  cannon  will  cover  their  retreat. 

For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants 
Baillie,  Fleming  and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  69  rank 
and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  22,  1763.     G.  O.  parole,  Aberdeen    As  the 


M 


•  ♦  -^*^ ♦♦».:-*"'  *^«.i*^   ^«  ■   <*  4 


Ir- .  K. 


U.'. 


:i:'-"'"'-'--<^.tA«tri--: 


158 


IIOUQUET    I'Al'ERS. 


small  quantity  of  wood  within  the  fort  may  be  wanted  for 
the  works,  and  is  not  sufficient  to  serve  for  the  common 
uses  of  the  garrison,  the  commanding  officer  desires  the 
several  officers'  messes  to  be  very  saving  of  it,  and  orders 
the  private  men  and  women  to  gather  their  fire-wood  in  the 
lower  town,  that  the  wood  within  the  fort  may  be  used  at  the 
last  extremity.  The  dogs  being  still  noisy  at  night,  and  hinder- 
ing people  of  their  rest,  whoever  keeps  dogs  are  desired  to 
have  them  tied  up  at  night.  Pat  roles  will  go  round  the  fort 
for  the  future  to  kill  them,  and  for  every  dog  they  kill  they 
will  get  a  half  crown  reward.  For  guard  to-night,  Captain- 
Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Donellon  and  Da\  nport,  5 
sergeants,  i  drummer,  and  67  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  23,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Dublin.  The 
monthly  returns  to  be  given  to-morrow  at  orderly  time.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Grey, 
Milligan  and  Christy,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  69  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  24,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Westminster. 
For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Baillie,  Fleming  and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  and  69 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  25,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Chatham.  The 
townspeople  who  have  cattle,  to  go  together  at  3  o'clock  this 
afternoon,  to  make  a  fence  across  the  spelt  field,*  beginning  so 
far  down  as  the  spelts  are  cut,  in  which  part  the  cattle  may 
feed.  For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieu- 
tenants Donellon  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and 
68  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  26,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Edinburgh.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Milligan  and  Christy,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  71  rank  and 
file. 


(ierman  wheat. 


^  '•■ 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    PITT,    I763.  1 59 

Fort  Pitt,  June  27,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Scarborough.  A 
court-martial  to  sit  immediately,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre 
President,  Lieutenant  Baillie  (members)  Lieutenant  Guy. 
The  men  that  came  in  from  Le  Bceuf  and  Presque  Isle 
yesterday  to  be  armed  and  accoutred  and  provided  with  the 
necessaries  they  want  immediately.  For  guard  to-night,  Cap- 
tain-Lieutenant Carre,  Lieutenants  Baillie,  Fleming  and 
Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  69  rank  and  file.  The  Cap- 
tain of  the  guard  to  send  the  keys  of  all  the  gates  of  the 
garrison  to  tue  commanding  officer,  to  whom  they  are  always 
to  be  applied  for  (when  wanted)  by  a  sergeant  and  six  men. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  28,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Woolwich.  No 
fires  to  be  kept  in  the  barracks  after  tattoo  beats.  The  rooms 
will  be  visited  and  any  person  found  with  fires  in  their  rooms 
after  that  time  will  be  punished  for  disobedience  of  orders. 
For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Donellon  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  ([rummer  and  67 
rank  and  file. 

Sergeant  Robinson  of  Captain  Gordon's  company  being 
appointed  to  remain  orderly  over  the  commanding  officers. 
The  commanding  officer  is  pleased  to  appoint  William  Camp- 
bell (additional  to  the  artillery)  to  do  duty  as  sergeant  in 
Captain  Gordon's  company  and  the  artillery  to  take  another 
man  (in)  his  room. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  29,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Chelsea.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Milligan  and  Christy,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  69  rank 
and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  June  30,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Norwich.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Bail- 
lie,  Fleming  and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  and  68 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  i,  1763.      G.  O.  parole,   Edinburgh.     For 


IV' 


f 


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Jl 


i6o 


BOUOUKT    HAI'ERS. 


guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Don- 
ellon.  Price  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  70 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  2,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Yarmouth.  If  any 
woman,  drawing  provisions,  refuse  to  carry  water  when  ordered 
they  shall  be  struck  off  the  provision  return  and  turned  out 
of  the  garrison  as  soon  as  the  communication  is  clear.  There- 
fore, all  the  women  to  turn  out  this  afternoon  at  4  o'clock  to 
fill  all  the  casks  round  the  ramparts,  and  the  commanding 
officer  hopes  they  will  do  it  without  grumbling,  it  being  for 
the  good  of  the  service.  Whoever  keeps  horses  or  cows  in 
the  fort  is  ordered  to  clean  the  place  where  they  stand  every 
day,  or  the  cattle  will  be  turned  out  into  the  field,  this  being 
to  prevent  sickness  in  the  garrison.  For  guard  to-night,  Cap- 
tain-Lieutenant Phillips,  Lieutenants  Milligan  and  Christy,  5 
sergeants,  i  drummer,  68  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  3,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Dover.  For  guard  to- 
night, Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Fleming  and 
Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  71  rank  and  file.  The  men 
to  lie  upon  their  arms  every  night  till  further  orders,  without 
taking  off  their  clothes. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  4,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Chester.  No  body 
allowed  to  smoke  upon  sentry  or  upon  guard.  Command- 
ing officer  of  post  to  be  answerable  for  it.  The  back  win- 
dow shutters  of  all  barrack  rooms  to  be  shut  as  soon  as  it 
is  dusk.  For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips, 
Lieutenants  Donellon,  Price  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i 
drummer,  74  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  5,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Frankfort.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Milligan  and  Christie,  $  sergeants,  i  drummer,  73  rank  and 
file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  6,  1763.     Parole,  (ireenwich.     For  guard 


11 


11 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT   FOKT    I'lTT,    1 763.  161 

to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Baillie, 
Fleming  and  Greber,  5  Serjeants,  i  drummer  and  70  rank 
and  file.  After  orders :  As  the  traders  have  lost  many  of 
their  deerskins  out  of  the  bundles  that  are  piled  up  in  the 
fort,  whoever  shall  be  found  with  any  of  them  in  their  custody 
shall  be  most  severely  punished,  as  well  as  pay  for  the  skins ; 
and  whoever  will  discover  such  persons  will  be  rewarded 
for  it. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  7,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Glasgow.  As 
troops  are  daily  expected  from  our  colonies,  the  relief  that 
is  last  off  guard  to  hold  themselves  always  in  readiness  to  turn 
out  on  the  first  notice  to  support  them.  They  are  to  parade 
in  their  waistcoats,  and  with  one  firelock  only.  A  proper 
disposition  will  be  made  before  they  march  out.  For  guard 
to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Donellon, 
Ensign  Price,  Lieutenant  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  l  drummer 
and  71  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  8,  1763.  Parole,  Falmouth.  For  guard 
to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Guy,  Mil- 
ligan  and  Christie,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  73  rank  and 
file.  A  working  party  of  a  sergeant  and  12  privates,  and  a 
covering  party  of  12  p'^vates  to  parade,  all  with  their  arms, 
to-morrow  morning  at  7  o'clock  to  work  in  the  King's 
garden. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  9,  1763.  G.  O.  parole.  New  Castle.  A 
working  party  for  the  King's  garden  to  parade  to-morrow 
morning  at  7  o'clock,  as  usual,  A  court-martial  to  sit  at  3 
o'clock  this  afternoon,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  President ; 
Ensign  Hutchins  (members),  Ensign  Price. 

For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants 
Baillie,  Fleming  and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  71 
rank  and  file. 

Fort    Pitt,  July    10,    1763.     G.  ().   parole,  Brunswick.     A 


' ' 


1- 


1  h 


1 62 


HOUQUET    I'AI'ERS. 


working  and  covering  party  for  the  King's  garden  to  parade 
to-morrow  morning  at  7  o'clock,  to  consist  of  12  men  of  the 
regulars  for  work,  and  a  sergeant  and  12  ditto  to  cover  them, 
the  whole  to  parade  with  arms.  All  the  men  off  duty  to  parade 
at  the  same  hour  to  collect  wood.  The  artillery  to  collect  for 
themselves.  They  are  to  work  from  7  o'clock  to  1 1,  and  from 
I  to  5  in  the  afternoon.  For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieu- 
tenant Phillips,  Lieutenants  Donellon,  Price  and  Davenport, 
5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  73  rank  and  file.  The  clapboards 
and  shingles  to  be  burned  by  the  baker  only,  none  of  them 
to  be  used  in  the  barrack  rooms,  nor  any  of  the  long  timber 
to  be  cut  by  any  body  for  fire-wood,  as  it  may  be  wanted  for 
the  works  about  the  garrison. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  11,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Carlisle.  All  the 
old  iron  and  nails  that  is  found  in  the  ashes  of  the  wood 
used  for  fire  to  be  brought  to  the  serjeant-major's  room. 
For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenant 
Guy,  Christie  and  Milligan,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  72 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  12,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Brussels.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Baillie,  Fleming  and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  70  rank 
and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  13,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Sumersett.  For 
guard  to-night — Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Don- 
ellon, Price  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  71  rank 
and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  14,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  America.  Cap- 
tain Ecuyer  gives  his  thanks  to  the  militia  for  their  diligence 
hitherto  at  work,  and  for  the  future  he  exempts  them  from 
all  kinds  of  fatigue,  except  such  as  the  service  may  absolutely 
require,  and  assures  them  that  he  will  acquaint  the  General- 
in-Chief  of  their  services  and  good  behavior,  and  shall  always 


,«  ..^.  ■<     •.! 


S.    ECUVEK,    COMMANDANT   AT    I'ORT    I'ITT,    1763. 


163 


acknowledge  they  have  done  their  duty  with  spirit,  like  true 
British  men.  At  the  same  time  desires  the  inhabitants  who 
have  cows  to  sell  them  to  Mr.  Murray,  the  commissary,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  garrison,  as  he  is  determined  not  to  allow  a 
man  to  go  out  any  more  with  them,  having  lost  already  three 
men  by  them,  whose  lives  were  too  valuable  at  this  post  to 
be  lost  on  such  occasions.  In  case  of  an  alarm  everybody 
to  be  at  their  alarm  po.sts,  as  per  order  of  June  the  7th,  and 
not  to  run  to  such  parts  as  where  they  may  hear  firing,  but 
remain  at  their  own  posts,  and  whoever  will  be  found  from  it 
will  be  punished  for  disobedience  of  orders.  The  command- 
ing officer  recommends  to  the  officers  commanding  at  the 
several  posts  not  to  suffer  the  men  so  easily  to  throw  away 
their  ammunition  without  paying  a  proper  attention  to  the 
orders  they  receive  from  their  officers  as  to  their  firing,  and 
desires  they  will  confine  such  of  them  as  do  not  pay  a  due 
observance  to  their  orders  on  that  head.  For  guard  to-night, 
Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Guy,  Milligan  and 
Christie,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  73  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  15,  1763.  G.  O.  Burlington.  For  guard  to- 
night, Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Baillie,  Flem- 
ing and  Greber,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  73  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  16,  1763.  The  garrison  to  be  under  arms 
to-morrow  at  1 1  o'clock,  the  company  to  form  before  their 
barracks,  and  march  to  their  alarm  posts.  The  guard  to  re- 
main at  their  posts  and  as  soon  as  the  whole  are  upon  the 
ramparts  the  officers  are  to  make  their  disposition  and  wait 
for  further  orders.  Garrison  weekly  returns  to  be  given  to- 
morrow at  9  o'clock.  All  the  sickles  in  the  garrison  to  be  put 
in  good  order  to-day.  Mr.  McCallister  and  Sergeant  Campbell 
are  desired  to  have  them  repaired.  A  court-martial  to  sit  at 
1 1  o'clock,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  President ;  Lieu- 
tenant  Uonelon   (members).  Ensign   Price.     For  guard   to- 


! 


'9    I 

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HOUQUET    J'APERS. 


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night  Captain-Lieutenant  I'liillips,  Lieutenants  Donelon, 
Price  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  73  rank  and 
file.  After  orders  Mr.  Clarke ;  the  Quartermaster  to  see  the 
flour  belonging  to  the  king  most  exactly  wiMghed  and  also  the 
bacon,  pork,  salt  beef,  hung  beef,  rice  and  salt.  The  commis- 
sary to  give  a  true  and  just  return  the  22d  inst.  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  all  the  several  articles  under  his  care.  The 
troops  being  served  up  to  that  day  inclusive,  at  the  same  time 
he  is  to  give  in  also  a  return  of  the  provisions  belonging  to 
the  townspeople.         '  ^ 

Fort  Pitt,  July  17,  1763.  G.  O.  parole  Deal.  The  spelts  to 
be  cut  to-morrow  morning ;  a  covering  party  of  regulars  to  be 
under  arms  to-morrow  morning  at  5  o'clock,  to  consist  of  one 
captain,  4  subalterns  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  and  80  rank 
and  file,  to  be  distributed  as  follows  ;  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant 
and  20  rank  and  file  men,  near  the  coopers'  shop,  along  the 
ridge  of  Hulins  field,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant  and  20  rank 
and  file  along  the  Allegheny  River,  and  the  captain  with  2 
subalterns  3  sergeants  and  40  rank  and  file  in  the  centre ; 
besides  there  will  be  a  party  of  i  subaltern  and  30  volunteers 
which  will  take  post  upon  Grant's  Hill.  The  whole  to  be 
under  the  command  of  the  captain. 

For  the  above  duty  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieuten- 
ant Guy,  Baillie,  Price,  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer 
and  80  regulars. 

To  take  post  upon  Grant's  Hill,  Lieutenant  Fleming  and  30 
volunteers.  Major  Trent  will  be  pleased  to  find  30  men 
among  the  militia  to  cut  and  tie  the  corn.  The  whole  will 
be  covered  with  cannon  and  howitzers.  The  commanding 
officer  of  the  artillery  will  give  proper  directions  for  that 
purpose.  The  whole  will  take  a  little  bread  and  cold  meat 
with  them,  sufficient  for  a  day. 

For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants 


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S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    I'ITT,    I763.  I65 

Milligan,  Christy  and  Greber,  $  sergeants,  i  drummer,  76  ranic 
and  file. 

.  Fort  Pitt,  July  18,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Brussels.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Baillie  and  Fleming,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  73  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  19,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Bergenupzoom. 
The  people  who  had  cattle  taken  by  the  commanding  officer's 
orders,  are  desired  to  settle  with  Mr.  Murray,  who  will  pay 
them  at  the  rate  of  4^d  per  pound. 

F"or  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants 
Donelon,  Price  and  Davenport,  5  sergeants,  i  drummer,  74 
rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  20,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Peterborrow,  The 
commanding  officer  is  very  much  surprised  to  find  most 
of  the  guards  at  3  o'clock  in  the  morning  fast  asleep  in- 
stead of  being  under  arms  from  2  o'clock  till  broad  day, 
that  being  a  general  lule,  as  well  in  time  of  peace  as  in  time 
of  war,  to  guard  against  a  surprise ;  and  as  a  large  number  of 
Indians  appear  about  us,  the  garrison  to  form  two  relieves 
till  further  orders. 

F'or  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieuten- 
ants Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Milligan  and  Christie,  7  sergeants,  i 


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Lieut. 

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Monongehela  Bastion 
Music  Bastion 
Flag  Bastion 

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Half  of  the  men  of  each  bastion  to  be  on  sentry  at  night, 
sentinels  in  the  day  as  usual.  The  artillery  to  keep  two 
gunners  on  each  bastion  all  clay.  Mr.  Price  not  to  mount 
to-night,  he  being  on  guard. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  21,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Tinmouth.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Donalon,  Davenport,  Fleming  and  Greber,  7  sergeants,  i 
drummer,  and  1 10  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  22,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Lincoln.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Milligan  and  Christy,  7  sergeants,  1  drum- 
mer, and  1 12  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  23,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Hanslow.  P'or 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Donalon,  Fleming,  Davenport  and  Greber,  7  sergeants, 
I  drummer,  1 1 1  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Middlesex.  A  court- 
martial  to  sit  immediately.  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips, 
President ;  Lieutenant  Baillie  (members).  Ensign  Hutchins. 
For  guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Milligan  and  Christie,  seven  sergeants, 
I  drummer  and  112  rank  and  file.  The  monthly  and  garrison 
returns  to  be  given  this  evening. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  25,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Colebrook.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  Guy, 
Donalon,  Davenport,  Fleming  and  Greber,  7  sergeants,  i 
drummer,  1 1 2  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  26,  1763.  G.  O.  parole.  Maidenhead.  For 
guard  to-night,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants 
Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Milligan  and  Christie,  7  sergeants, 
I  drummer,  112  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  27,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Hambleton.  A 
working  party  of  one  sergeant  and  eight  privates  to  parade 


5i; 


,  1 


S.    ECUVER,   COMMANDANT    AT    I'OKT    IMT  I,    1763,  167 

every  morning  at  5  o'clock  to  thresh  the  "spelt,"*  when  the 
weather  will  permit,  till  it  is  all  done.  For  guard  to-night, 
Captain-Lieutenant  Carre,  Lieutenants  (iuy,  Donalon,  Daven- 
port, Fleming  and  Greber,  7  sergeants,  i  drummer,  112  rank 
and  file. 

Fort  I'itt,  July  28,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Oakham.  As 
several  firelocks  have  gone  off  at  half-cock,  an  officer  of 
each  company  to  e.xamine  all  the  arms  carefully  this  evening 
at  roll-calling,  and  have  such  of  them  repaired  immediately, 
to  prevent  further  accidents.  For  guard  to-night,  Captain- 
Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenants  Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Christie 
and  Milligan,  7  sergeants,  i  drummer,  112  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  29,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  George.  N.  B,— 
Being  attacked. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  30,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Buckingham.  A 
redoubt  to  be  built  in  Croghan's  Point  of  18  feet  in  square, 
with  high  and  strong  pickets  and  embrasures  to  it ;  for  that 
purpose  a  party  of  a  sergeant  and  twelve  men  to  parade  to 
help  the  carpenters,  who  are  to  be  kept  off  duty  till  further 
orders. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  31,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Aberdeen.  The 
relief  of  guard  to  march  to  their  several  bastions  at  sun- 
set. The  officers  to  take  their  posts  of  alarm  as  yester- 
night ;  the  whole  to  remain  upon  the  ramparts  all  night ;  the 
men  to  be  divided  into  four  reliefs  for  sentries,  and  if  nothing 
extraordinary  happens  in  the  morning,  the  relief  upon  guard 
at  present  to  march  to  their  post  at  6  o'clock.  The  officers 
commanding  at  bastions  are  desired  not  to  allow  on  any 
account  the  men  to  raise  fixed  shades  against  the  parapet  in 
the  night  time,  as  it  would  not  only  very  much  prevent  the 
men  from  doing  their  duty  in  case  of  attack,  but  also  stop  the 
passage  from  sending  orders  back  and   forwards  when  re- 

*  (German  wheat. 


I 

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168 


HOl'yUET   I'AI'KRS. 


■  If 


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■ 


(|uirc(l.  In  the  daytime  the  men  may  be  allowed  loose  shades, 
made  with  their  blankets  only,  which  arc  to  be  taken  off  at 
nij^ht.  The  ship-carpenters  to  compose  part  of  the  reserve, 
and  also  the  musicians  till  further  orders.  • 

Fort  Pitt,  August  i,  1763.  I'arole,  Stonchave.  As  the 
wood  begins  to  be  very  scarce,  and  wanted  to  carry  on  the 
works,  the  commanding  officer  desires  the  garrison  once 
more  to  be  very  saving  of  it,  especially  the  women,  who 
destroy  such  a  quantity  in  washing  and  ironing.  They  are, 
therefore,  for  the  future,  to  wash  the  linen  only,  without  iron- 
ing It  at  all,  till  we  can  get  more  wood.  The  whole  garrison 
to  be  acquainted  with  this  order.  The  relief  of  guard  to 
march  to  their  bastions  at  sunset  as  usual. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  2,  1763.  G.  ().  parole,  Bouquet.  The 
commanding  officer  has  the  pleasure  to  inform  the  garrison 
than  an  army  arrived  at  Bedford  the  25th  of  July  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Bouquet  and  may  be  expected  very 
shortly  at  this  post,  to  our  relief ;  also  that  another  army  is 
on  their  march  by  the  Lakes  into  the  heart  of  the  enemy's 
country.  If  any  Indians  should  appear  before  the  fort  with 
green  boughs  in  the  muzzles  of  their  guns,  they  are  not  to 
be  fired  upon,  but  looked  upon  as  friends,  and  to  be  reported 
to  the  commanding  officer  immediately  on  their  appearance. 
The  garrison  to  take  post  to-night  as  usual. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  3,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Glasgow.  The  gar- 
rison to  be  divided  into  two  relieves.  For  guard  to-night. 
Lieutenants  T'otts,  Baillie,  Price,  Fleming  and  Milligan, 
7  sergeants,  1  drummer,  1 16  rank  and  file,  the  eldest  subaltern 
to  command  ;  the  whole  to  take  post  at  the  grenadier  bastion 
and  to  report  all  extraordinaries  to  that  commanding  officer. 
One-half  of  the  men  at  each  bastion  to  be  sentry  at  a  time. 

Fort  Pitt,  ;\.ugust  4,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Dublin.  A  court- 
martial  to  set  at  1 1  o'clock  ;  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Presi- 


S.    ECUVEK,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORI    PITT,    I763.  169 

(k'lU  ;  Lieutenant  Uonclon  (members),  Knsi^n  Hutchins.  For 
guard  to-night.  Lieutenants  Guy,  iJonelon,  Davenport,  Chris- 
tie and  (Ireber,  6  sergeants,  i  drummer,  106  rank  and  file. 

Fort  I'itt,  August  5,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Porchester.  For 
guard  to-night.  Lieutenants  I'otts,  Baillie,  Price,  Fleming 
and  Milligan,  6  sergeants,  i  drummer,  106  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  6,  1763.  (J.  ().  parole,  Norwich.  F*or 
guard  to-night,  Lieutenants  Guy,  Donelon,  Davenport, 
Greber  and  Christie,  6  sergeants,  i  drummer,  106  rank  and 
file. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  7,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Deptford.  l<or 
guard  to-night.  Lieutenants  Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Fleming 
and  Milligan,  6  .sergeants,  i  drummer,  106  rank  and  file. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  8,  1763.  G.  ().  parole,  Southampton.  For 
guard  to-night.  Lieutenants  Guy,  Donnelon,  Davenport, 
Greber  and  Christie,  6  .sergeants,  i  drummer,  106  rank  and 
file. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  9,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Petersfield.  For 
guard  to-night.  Lieutenants  Potts,  Baillie,  Price,  Flemming 
and  Milligan,  6  sergeants,  I  drummer,  106  rank  and  file. 

F"ort  Pitt,  August  10,  1763.  G.  ().  parole,  King  George. 
P'or  guard  to-night,  Lieutenants  Baillie  and  Milligan.  Garri- 
son orders  :  The  sergeants  and  corporals  on  guard  to  stand 
fast  till  to-morrow  morning,  the  guards  of  the  several  bastions 
to  join  immediately  the  guard  at  the  grenadier  bastion,  leav- 
ing their  sentries  posted  as  usual,  and  from  that  bastion  the 
sentries  will  be  relieved  till  further  orders. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  11,  1763.  G.  O.  parole.  Countersign. 
Garrison  orders  :  Thf  guard  to  be  relieved  at  lO  o'clock. 
For  guard,  Fnsign  P;  »ce,  2  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  36  rank 
and  file. 

Colonel  Bouquet  orders  his  thanks  to  be  given  to  the 
officers,  soldiers   and  inhabitants  who  have  so   bravely   de- 


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nOUQUET    PAPERS. 

fended  the  post  against  the  repeated  attacks  of  barbarians 
and  malicious  enemies.  Captain  Ecuyer  by  his  firm  and 
prudent  conduct  has  obtained  the  General's  entire  approbation 
and  it  is  with  the  greatest  satisfaction  that  the  Colonel  in- 
forms him  of  it.  The  Colonel  takes  a  particular  pleasure  in 
e.xpressing  to  Major  Trent  how  agreeable  his  services  and 
those  performed  by  the  brave  militia  under  his  command  are 
to  him,  and  returns  him  his  sincere  thanks  for  the  ready  as- 
sistance he  has  constantly  given  to  the  commanding  officer, 
desiring  he  will  inform  his  officers  and  men  of  thegrateful  sense 
the  Colonel  has  of  their  behavior.  Nothing  can  be  more 
agreeable  to  the  Colonel  than  to  have  to  represent  to  the  Gen- 
eral the  merit  of  the  officers  and  men  who  have  contributed  to 
the  preservation  of  this  important  post,  which  particularly 
curbs  the  insolence  and  pride  of  the  faithless  savages  and  con- 
tinues an  immovable  barrier  against  the  impotence  of  their  rage 
•  and  perfidy.  All  the  double  arms  employed  in  defence  of  this 
post  to  be  drawn  and  delivered  with  the  ammunition  to  the 
officer  of  the  artillery  who  will  have  them  put  in  order.  All 
the  women  and  children  and  useless  people  to  hold  themselves 
in  readiness  to-morrow  night  to  go  to  the  settlement.  A 
party  to  be  ready  to  reap  to-morrow  morning,  who  will  be 
covered  by  a  company  of  light  infantry.  The  effects  of  a  de- 
ceased officer  of  the  42d  Regiment  to  be  sold  at  vendue  to- 
morrow morning  in  camp  at  lo  o'clock. 

For  guard  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Donelon,  i  sergeant,  2 
corporals,  i  drummer,  36  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  12,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Middlesex; 
countersign,  Allegheny.  Two  days  provision?  to  be  issued 
to  the  detachment  immediately,  viz. :  to  the  13th,  inclusive. 
The  regular  troops  off  duty  to  parade  at  the  front  of  the 
camp  at  5  o'clock  this  afternoon.  All  the  militia  to  line  the 
bastions  at  the  same  hour.     The  60th  Regiment  to  furnish 


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S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT   FORT   PITT,    I763.  I/I 


a  captain,  2  subalterns,  2  sergeants,  and  60  rank  and  file,  to 
encamp  to-morrow  in  the  line  and  march  with  the  escort  to 
Ligonier.  The  same  number  of  the  troops  of  the  line  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Stewart,  of  the  42d,  are  to  join  the 
garrison  of  this  fort ;  the  men  most  unfit  to  march  are  to  form 
this  detachment.  The  rations  are  reduced  till  further  orders 
to  seven  pounds  of  bread  and  seven  pounds  of  beef  per  week. 

N.  B. — Four  pounds  of  pork  is  equal  to  seven  pounds  of 
beef.  The  detachment  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  and  the  officers 
and  men  of  the  garrison  who  have  done  duty  with  them,  have 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  attack  of  this  fort,  and  Colonel 
Bouquet  desires  that  his  thanks  be  particularly  given  to  that 
corps  for  their  important  services  on  that  occasion. 

Royal  order  by  Colonel  Bouquet :  The  detachment  of 
Royal  Americans  that  is  to  march  to  be  completed  to  thirty 
rounds  per  man  and  three  flints  each.  They  are  to  march 
without  their  coats,  or  any  baggage  except  their  blankets. 
For  that  duty  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  Lieutenant  Baillie 
and  Ensign  Price,  2  sergeants,  i  drummer,  and  60  rank  and 
file.  • 

Fort  Pitt,  August  13,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Bristol;  coun- 
tersign St.  Andrew.  The  troops  under  the  command  of 
Major  Campbell,  consisting  of  the  remains  of  the  42d  and 
77th  Regiments  and  a  detachment  of  the  Royal  Artillery 
Regiment,  are  to  march  this  evening  for  Ligonier,  with  Cap- 
tain Barret's  Rangers,  and  take  under  their  escort  the  women, 
children  and  useless  people  of  this  garrison,  and  all  the  pack- 
horses,  with  200  empty  bags.  Major  of  brigade  will  furnish  a 
li.st.  Corrmis.sary  Herren  and  his  assistant  to  march  and 
return  with  this  detachment.  Mr.  Clinton,  mate  of  the  hos- 
pital, and  Mr.  Murdoch,  mate  of  the  42d  Regiment,  are  to 
return  with  this  detachment  and  take  with  them  a  medicine 
chest.      Mr.  Lister  to  take  charge  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of 


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BOUQUET    I'AJ'ERS. 


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the  42cl  Regiment  left  here,  and  Dr.  McLean  of  the  77th.  and 
of  all  the  wounded  rangers,  pack-horse  men  or  other  people 
not  belonging  to  lii?  regiment.  The  troops  above-mentioned, 
the  women  and  children,  pack-horse,  bullock  and  sheep- 
drivers  discharged,  are  to  draw  bread  or  flour  to  the  i6th 
instant,  and  pork  to  the  20th,  inclusive. 

N.  B. — The  children  to  have  half  a  ration  only.  Commis- 
sary Herren  will  take  sheep  to  march  with  that  detachment. 
A  return  to  be  given  to  the  Major  of  brigade  of  the  horses 
wanted  for  the  officers,  which  Mr.  Preter  is  to  furnish.  He  is 
likewise  to  lend  horses  to  the  women,  but  not  to  load  any  of 
them  with  above  160  pounds  weight  of  baggage.  Axes  to  be 
taken  to  clear  the  roads. 

After  orders  :  All  letters  are  to  be  sent  this  day  to  Captain 
Bassett,  who  goes  express.  It  is  the  commanding  officer's 
order,  no  person  of  any  condition  whatsoever  sends  any  letters 
by  anybody  else,  as  they  will  be  destroyed  if  found,  and  the 
carrier  punished  for  disobedience  of  orders. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  14,  1763.  G.  O  parole,  Windsor.  For 
guard  to-morrow  two  subalterns,  three  sergeants,  four  cor- 
porals, seventy  privates.  For  picket  to-night,  one  captain, 
one  subaltern,  three  sergeants,  four  corporals,  seventy  pri- 
vates. Officers  for  guard.  Lieutenant  Allen  Grant,  Lieu- 
tenant Greber.  The  officers  of  the  picket  once  every 
night  to  go  the  rounds.  The  picket  to  parade  at  retreat 
beating,  for  that  duty  this  night  Captain  Stewart  and  Lieu- 
tenant Davenport.  Any  person  knowing  of  any  women  and 
children  being  hid  in  the  fort  who  are  ordered  away,  are  to 
discover  them  immediately  to  the  Major  of  brigade,  and  who- 
ever dares  to  screen  an)'  of  them  must  be  t^-eated  with  the 
utmost  severity.  Royal  o:der  for  guard  to-morrow  :  two  ser- 
geants, two  corporals,  twenty-four  privates.  For  picket  to- 
night, one  sergeant,  one  corporal,  twenty-four  privates. 


S.    KCUYKR,   COMMANDANT    AT    FOKT    I'ITT,    I763.  173 

Fort  Pitt,  August  15,  1763.  G.  O.  {xirole,  Harwick.  For 
guard 

Fort  Pitt,  August  16,1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Cork.  For  guard, 
2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  61  privates.  For  picket, 
I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corj)oral,  30  privates.  The  brigade 
Major  and  Major  of  militia  will  take  an  inventory  of  all  the 
provisions  in  the  fort,  including  cattle  and  grain,  and  all  in- 
habitants who  have  cattle,  dried  meat,  corn,  or  any  other 
kind  of  provisions  are  to  inform  the  Major  of  brigade  of  it, 
who  will  order  it  to  be  received  into  the  King's  store  and  give 
certificates  for  the  payment  to  the  owners.  A  gill  of  salt  per 
man  to  be  issued  to  the  troops.  Royal  order:  for  picket  to- 
nighc,  I  subaltern,  '  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates.  For 
picket,  Ensign  Hutchins.     For  guard  to-morrow  :  i  subaltern, 

1  sergeant,  3  corporals,  22  privates.  For  guard.  Lieutenant 
Donelon. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  17,  1763.   G.  O.  parole.  Darby.   For  guard 

2  sergeants,  3  subalterns,  4  corporals,  60  privates  ;  for  picket, 
I  subaltern,  r  sergeant,  4  corporals,  30  privates.  A  return 
of  the  sick  and  wounded  to  be  given  to  the  brigade  Major  by 
the  surgeons,  distinguishing  those  who  are  to  be  on  full  and 
those  on  half  allowance  of  provision.  The  bridge  to  be  drawn 
and  the  gates  to  be  shut  at  retreat  beating.  R.  O.  For 
guard,  Ensign  Hutchins,  2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  22  privates  ; 
for  picket,  1 1  privates.  The  men's  accounts  to  be  balanced 
and  the  men  settled  with  to  the  22d  July  inclusive,  being  26 
weeks  from  the  time  they  were  last  settled  with. 

New  York,  April  9,  1763.  Orders. — The  Secretary  at  War 
having  transmitted  in  a  letter  to  the  Commander-in-Chief 
copies  of  a  letter  from  the  Speaker  of  the  Honorable  House 
pf  Commons  with  resolution  of  that  House,  the  Commander- 
in-Chief  takes  the  earliest  opportunity  of  communicating  the 
same  to  the  officers  under  his  command,  with  a  copy  of  the 


■ 


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174 


nOUOUET    I'APERS. 


Secretary  at  War's  letter.  The  Commander-in-Chief  with  the 
warmest  gratitude  must  express  to  the  officers  and  soldiers 
he  has  the  honor  to  command  the  pleasure  and  satisfaction 
he  has  in  communicating  to  them  this  honorable  testimony  of 
their  services  ;  and  he  cannot  omit  on  this  occasion  to  signify 
to  them  that  their  constant  steady  good  conduct,  and  unwearied 
exertion  of  their  abilities  in  carrying  on  the  extensive  and 
successful  war  in  this  country,  not  only  entitles  them  to  the 
most  sincere  acknowledgments,  but  has  imprinted  in  him  such 
strong  marks  of  affection  and  esteem  for  them,  that  their  hap- 
piness and  glory  must  always  be  inseparable  from  his. 

Signed,  William  Amherst, 
Dj'.  Adjt.  Gen. 
[Copy.] 

Sir: — The  Speaker  of  the  Honorable  House  of  Commons 
having  transmitted  in  a  letter  to  my  office  a  resolution  of  that 
House  to  give  their  thanks  to  the  officers  of  the  navy  and 
army,  for  the  meritorious  and  eminent  services  they  have  done 
to  their  King  and  Country  during  the  course  rrf  the  present 
war,  I  send  you  herewith  copies  of  the  said  letter  and  reso- 
lution which  you  will  communicate  to  the  officers  of  the  a^uiy 
in  North  America.  The  good  conduct,  courage  and  zeal  of 
the  officers  and  soldiers  of  his  majesty's  army,  so  uniformly 
exerted  for  the  glory  and  honor  of  this  nation,  oblige  me  at 
the  same  time  to  express  the  great  .'atisfaction  I  feel  in  com- 
municating this  public  mark  of  honor  conferred  upon  them, 
which  I  beg  you  will  be  pleased  to  signify  to  the  officers  and 
soldiers  under  your  command. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be.  Sir,  &c. 

William  Ellis. 

[Major-General  Sir  Geoffkv  AxMher.st,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.] 


a  . 


i  ! 


S.    ECUVEK,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    I'lTT,    I763.  175 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  the  Right  Honorable  Sir  John  Lust, 
Bart.,  Speaker  of  the  Honorable  House  of  Commons,  to  His 
Majesty's  Secretary  at  War.  Dated  the  9th  of  December, 
1762. 

Sir: — In  obedience  to  an  order  of  the  House  (of)  Com- 
mons, I  have  the  honor  ot  transmitting  to  you  a  resolution 
to  which  they  have  this  day  unanimously  agreed.  It  is  a 
singular  satisfaction  to  me  to  receive  the  commands  of  the 
House  on  this  occasion  and  to  convey  through  you,  sir,  to  the 
officers  of  the  army,  so  honorable  a  testimony  of  the 
meritorious  and  eminent  services  p'irformed  by  them  for  His 
Majesty  and  this  Nation. 

Jo  VIS,  9th  Die  Decembris,  1762. 
Resolved,  Nemine  Contradecentie — ^That  the  thanks  of  this 
House  be  given  to  the  officers  of  the  navy  and  army  for  the 
meritorious  and  eminent  services  which  they  have  done  to 
their  king  and  country  during  the  course  of  the  present  war, 
and  that  Mr.  Speaker  do  signify  the  same  by  letter  to  the 
commissioners  for  executing  the  office  of  Lord  High  Admiral 
of  Great  Brit  '.in,  and  to  His  Majesty's  Secretary  at  War. 
[A  true  copy.]  H.  Bouquet,  Col. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  18,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Norfolk.  For 
guard,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  60  privates. 
Picket,  I  captain,  i  subaltern,  sergeant,  i  corporal,  30  privates. 
Mr.  Jossa.  Davenport  is  appointed  captain  and  Mr.  Calhune, 
lieutenant  of  the  militia,  who  are  to  do  duty  and  be  obeyed 
as  such.  R.  O.  F'or  guard,  o  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  2 
corporals,  22  privates.  Picket,  1  sergeant,  i  corporal,  11 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  19,  1763.  G.  O.,  parole,  Athlone. 
For  guard,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  60  privates. 
Picket,  I   captain,  2  subalterns,  2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  48 


I 


i 


fi 


1^: 


176 


llOUgUKI'    I'AI'ERS. 


1i! 


'   'i 
i    I 


privates.  Provision  returns  to  be  given  to  the  brigade 
Major  signed  by  the  commanding  officer  of  each  corps  in 
which  are  to  be  included  all  the  people  drawing  provisions, 
and  underneath  to  be  deducted  the  rations  for  the  sick  and 
wounded,  etc.,  to  be  drawn  by  the  hospital.  The  picket  consist- 
ing of  I  captain,  2  subalterns,  2  sergeants,  i  drummer  and  50 
rank  and  file  to  parade  to-morrow  morning  at  the  first  signal 
of  the  drum  to  go  over  the  Monongehela  with  a  working 
party  of  men  to  bring  coals  and  lime.  The  floating  battery 
to  be  equipped  with  patteraroes  and  two  artillery  men  to  go 
in  her.  The  necessary  flats  and  batteaus,  bags  and  tools  to 
be  kept  ready.  The  men  ordered  on  this  service  to  take 
provisions  with  them,  as  they  are  not  to  return  till  the 
evening.  One  gun  will  be  fired  from  the  fort  as  a  signal  for 
their  retreat.  The  captain  of  the  picket  is  to  receive  his 
instructions  from  the  colonel.  R.  O.  For  guard  2  sergeants, 
2  corporals,  22  privates.  Picket,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  18 
privates.  Some  soldiers  of -the  first  battalion  having  very  in- 
discreetly applied  this  day  to  the  Colonel  for  their  discharge, 
he  orders  it  to  be  said  to  those  who  may  have  a  right  to  it, 
that  they  must  be  sensible  of  the  impossibility  of  discharg- 
ing them  at  this  critical  juncture,  when  the  inhabitants  thenv 
selves  must  be  detained  for  the  defence  of  this  important 
post.  But  they  may  be  assured  that  they  will  not  be  kept  a 
moment  longer  than  the  service  will  absolutely  require.  And 
as  two  of  the  battalions  are  to  be  reduced  this  will  be  easily 
completed  without  detaining  the  soldiers  who  have  served 
out  their  time.  If,  after  this,  any  man  should  be  so  base  as 
to  mention  again  hi.s  discharge  during  this  time  of  danger, 
he  must  expect  to  be  treated  with  the  just  indignation  ai  :1 
contempt  he  would  incur  by  a  behavior  so  unbecoming  the 
character  of  a  Briton  and  a  Soldier,  and  so  contrary  to  the 
•lUty  we  all  owe  our  King  and  Country. 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT    AT   FORT    IMTT,    1763.  \'J^ 

Fort  Pitt,  August  20,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Rochford.  For 
guard,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  i 
drummer,  60  privates.  Picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  o  drummer,  30  privates.  R.  O.  For 
guard.  Lieutenant  Guy,  l  sergeant,  2  corporals,  i  drum- 
mer, 22  privates ;  picket,  I  captain,  i  sergeant,  o  drummer, 
II  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  21,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Coventry. 
For  guard,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals, 
I  drummer,  60  privates  ;  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  i  drummer,  30  privates.  Weekly  returns  to 
be  given  to  the  M  ijor  of  Brigade  every  Sunday,  of  the  garri- 
son, by  the  corps,  including  all  the  persons  who  draw  pro- 
visions ;  another  of  all  kinds  of  provisions  in  the  fort,  in- 
cluding grain  and  cattle  ;  another  of  the  batteaus  and  flats, 
etc.  All  officers,  servants  and,  in  general,  every  person  able 
to  bear  arms,  to  mount  the  guards  and  picket  in  their  turn. 
R.  O. :  For  guard,  Lieutenant  Donelon,  2  sergeants,  2  cor- 
porals, I  drummer,  22  privates ;  picket,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal, 
O  drummer,  1 1  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  22,  1763  G.  O.  parole,  Suffolk.  A 
company  of  grenadiers  and  a  company  of  light  infantry  to 
parade  to-morrow  morning  at  6  o'clock,  to  take  possession 
of  Grant's  Hill  and  of  the  hil'  on  the  Monongahela  to  cover 
the  wood-cutters.  Eighty  mer  of  the  Royal  Americans  and 
Militia,  with  axes  and  their  p.rms,  under  the  command  of  two 
subalterns,  to  cut  wood  for  the  winter.  Those  who  have  no 
axes,  to  load.  The  two  wagon-masters  to  have  their  wagons 
fitted  to  haul  the  logs  on  the  glacis.  The  ship-carpenters 
to  go  out  with  the  wood-cutters,  with  their  axes.  The  camp 
to  furnish  the  grass  guard.  These  troops  to  return  in  the 
evening  when  a  gun  is  fired  from  the  fort.  Provisions  for  the 
two  companies  of  the  line  to  be  carried  to  them.     For  guard, 


|.  f 


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178 


HOUgUET   I'AI'KRS. 


I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals  and  36  privates.  R.  O. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  21  privates  ; 
for  fatigue,  Lieutenant  Guy,  4  sergeants,  4  corporals  and 
46  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  23,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Charlestovvn. 
A  company  of  grenadiers  and  a  company  of  light  infantry  to 
cover  the  working  party  to-morrow,  to  parade  at  6  o'clock. 
The  same  number  of  Royal  Americans  and  Militia  to  parade 
to-morrow  morning  at  6  o'clock,  as  was  to-day,  for  the  work- 
ing party.  A  man  of  the  mess  to  be  left  to  receive  and  cook 
the  provisions.  No  soldier  to  go  into  the  gardens  on  any 
account,  nor  any  of  the  rails  to  be  burnt.  R.  O.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  Ensign  Hutchins,  o  seigeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 21  privates  ;  fatigue.  Lieutenant  Baillie,  4  sergeants, 
4  corporals,  46  privates.  The  monthly  returns  to  be  given  in 
to-morrow. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  24,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Birmingham. 
R.  O.  A  court-martial  to  sit  at  4  o'clock  this  afternoon  to 
examine  the  accounts  and  vouchers  which  Lieutenant  Phillips 
will  lay  before  them  concerning  the  effects  of  the  late  Cap- 
tain Mather,  deceased,  and  to  certify  the  sime  at  the  bottom 
of  the  general  account,  to  be  transmitted  to  his  heirs. 

For  the  above  duty  Captain  Ecuyer,  President ;  Lieutenant 
Bailey  (members).  Ensign  Price. 

When  the  men's  accounts  are  balanced,  the  men  to  be  com- 
pleted with  necessaries  and  the  balance  paid  them  to  July 
22d,  inclusive,  which  when  done  the  commanding  oflRcers  of 
companies  to  report  the  same  to  the  commanding  officer. 
G.  O.  For  guard :  i  sergeant,  i  subaltern,  2  corporals,  i  drum- 
mer, 36  privates  the  working  party  of  this  day.  The  wagons 
to  make  four  trips  in  the  forenoon  and  two  in  the  afternoon. 
Only  one  light  infantry  company  to  cover  them  with  12  men 
from  the  force.     Captain  Grant's  Light  Infantry  company  to 


S.    ECUYKK,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    PITT,    I763.  I79 


be  ready  for  duty  to-morrow  morning  at  9  o'clock.  All  the 
women  ordered  down,  to  be  ready  to  go  the  26th  in  the 
morning  with  their  children.  The  commanding  officer  orders 
all  the  dogs  to  be  sent  dowa  with  the  escort,  as  those  seen 
here  afterwards  will  be  killed.  The  officers,  if  they  choose  it, 
may  keep  one  each.  R.  O.  For  guard :  i  sergeant,  2  corporals, 
21  privates.  For  fatigue,  Lieutenant  Guy,  4  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  46  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  25,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Nottingham. 
For  guard,  i  sergeant,  i  subaltern,  2  corporals,  i  drummer, 
36  privates,  the  wood  cutting  party  as  this  day.  The  wagons 
to  make  four  trips  and  then  leave  off.  One  light  infantry 
company  to  cover  with  12  men  from  the  grass  guard.  R.  O. 
For  guard,  o  sergeant,  i  subaltern,  i  corporal,  21  privates; 
for  fatigue.  Ensign  Price:  o  sergeant,  4  subalterns,  4  cor- 
porals, 46  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  26,  1763.  G.  O.,  Blenheim:  A  detach- 
ment of  Royal  Americans  of  2  subalterns,  2  sergeants,  i 
drummer  and  50  rank  and  file  to  encamp  this  afternoon  in 
the  line  and  march  with  the  troops  to-morrow ;  they  will  be 
replaced  by  i  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants  and  50  rank 
and  file  of  the  42d  and  77th  Regiments.  A  detachment  of  2 
lieutenants,  i  sergeant  and  25  men  of  the  militia  to  march  to 
Bedford  and  return  with  the  first  convoy.  All  the  wounded, 
sick  or  invalids  of  any  of  the  corps  here,  which  the  surgeon 
will  judge  able  to  go  down,  to  be  inside  with  the  wagons. 
The  surgeons  or  mates  of  the  regiments  to  march  with  their 
different  corps.  All  the  sick  and  wounded  here  to  be  left 
under  the  care  of  mates  of  the  hospital.  The  remains  of  the 
42d  and  77th  Regiments  with  the  detachment  of  the  60th  and 
of  the  militia  to  march  to-morrow  morning  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major  Campbell,  taking  under  their  escort  all  the 
wagons  and  pack-horses.     Mr.   Clark,  Quartermaster  of  the 


i&^SS&ia»i^j^ 


'rtl  .,'1 


1 80 


nOUyUKT    HAI'KRS. 


'/r      I 


1 


11  ^M I 


60th,  will  give  this  afternoon  to  the  women  and  children, 
ordered  down,  the  number  of  the  wagons  allotted  to  them  and 
do  the  same  for  the  sick  and  wounded  not  able  to  walk.  The 
baggage  of  the  troops  to  go  in  the  wagons  and  no  pack  horses 
to  be  loaded  in  going  down.  The  troops  and  other  persons 
going  down  to  be  served  with  bread  to  the  29th  inst.,  and 
meat  to  the  2d  of  September,  inclusive,  in  which  will  be  in- 
cluded some  live  cattle  for  the  officers,  the  sick  and  wounded. 
The  .salt  meat  to  be  served  this  afternoon  and  the  bread  to- 
morrow morning.  A  return  to  be  given  in  immediately  for 
what  ammunition  is  wanting  to  be  completed — 36  rounds  per 
man.  R.  O.  For  the  above  detailment :  Lieutenant  Carre 
and  Donelon,  2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  I  drummer  and  48 
privates.  The  men  who  are  going  on  detachment  to-morrow 
morning  that  are  not  yet  settled  with,  to  have  their  ac- 
counts balanced  immediately  and  the  balance  paid  them,  also 
eight  weeks  subsistence  to  be  given  to  Lieutenant  Carre  for 
(each)  man  going  on  detachment. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  27,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Lisbon.  R.  O. 
For  guard.  Lieutenant  Baillie,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drum- 
mer, 20  privates.     For  picket,  1 2  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  28,  1763.  Parole,  Brunswick.  For 
guard,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  i  drum- 
mer, 15  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  1  ser- 
geant, I  corpora),  o  drummer,  24  privates.  No  soldier  to  go 
out  of  the  fort  without  leave  from  the  commanding  officer  of 
his  company  or  detachment,  who  will  not  grant  it  without  a 
sufficient  reason.  The  sentries  are  not  to  suffer  anyone  to 
pass  the  gates  or  sally-ports  without  a  verbal  order  from  an 
officer,  as  it  is  probable  the  savages  will  soon  be  skulking 
again  about  the  fort.  The  officer  of  the  grass  guard  will  keep 
his  guard  and  sentries  very  alert,  that  on  the  first  appearance 
of  an  enemy  the  cattle  may  be  brought  near  unto  the  fort. 


■  f* 


•.•srsCTiacsojwai 


jn^:r';r;:jr*jt::EjB.ggg.giiir  i>M*f».* 


ul 
lie 

,'.S 
IS 

Id 


S.    ECL'YER,    COMMANnWT    AT    l-ORT    I'lTI,    I763.  I81 

That  officer  is  not  to  suffer  any  person  to  straggle  for  plums, 
as  they  will  be  in  evident  danger  of  being  scalped.  The  gates 
of  the  fort  are  not  to  be  opened  without  an  order  from  the  com- 
manding officer,  the  sally-port  toward  the  Monongahela  will  be 
opened  every  day  in  the  following  manner:  The  captain,  with 
a  sergeant,  a  corporal  and  8  men  of  his  picket  will  every  morn- 
ing at  7  o'clock,  if  the  weather  is  clear  (if  not,  after  the  fog 
is  gone),  open  that  sally-port  and  shut  it  again,  then  open  the 
barrier  toward  the  point  of  the  two  rivers,  send  out  a  corporal 
and  four  privates  to  reconnoitre  the  banks  all  round  and  going 
through  come  back  along  the  Monongahela  to  the  other  bar- 
rier, which,  upon  their  report,  will  then  be  opened  for  the 
cattle  to  go  out;  the  first  barrier  to  the  west  is  to  be  locked 
again  as  soon  as  the  corporal  and  4  men  are  out.  All  horses 
and  cows  to  be  kept  out  of  the  fort  with  the  King's  cattle  and 
sent  along  with  the  grass  guard,  to  prevent  their  going  into 
the  corn-fields. 

R.  O.  For  guard  to-night,  Ensign  Price,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, I  drummer,  14  privates.  For  picket  to-night,  Captain- 
Lieutenant  Phillipi,  Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal, 
I  drummer,  1 1  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow,  Ensign 
Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  o  drummer,  24  privates. 
For  picket  to-morrow,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  o  drummer,  1 1 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  29,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Portland.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  0  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  cor- 
porals, I  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket,  to-night,  i  captain, 
I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  privates. 
R.  O.  For  the  garrison  guard  to-morrow  evening,  o  captain, 
o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  o  drummer,  1 5  privates. 
For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  o  captain,  o  sub- 
altern, o  sergeant,  2  corporals,  o  drummer,  9  privates.  For 
picket  to-morrow  night,  Captain  Ecuyer,  Eieutenant  Baillie, 


i 


i 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


UilM    |2.S 

150    "^^      ■! 

"""  III 


Hf  I2ii    112.2 
US.    ill  2.0 


'.- 

1 L25  1  1.4      1.6 

^ 

6"    

► 

HiotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)872-4303 


\ 


5. 


o^ 


I82 


BOUQUET    PAPERS. 


|ii 


o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  o  drummer,  1 1 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  30,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Lisbon.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  cor- 
porals, I  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  privates.  The 
commanding  officer  desires  that  nobody  goes  near  any  person 
that  has  smallpox,  except  the  doctor  and  the  people  attending 
them,  who  are  themselves  to  be  very  careful  not  to  go  near  any 
person  that  has  not  had  them.  R.  O.  For  bullock  guard  to- 
morrow morning.  Lieutenant  Baillie,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  8 
privates.  For  the  garrison  guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  ser- 
geant, 2  corporals,  15  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow  even- 
ing, I  sergeant,  o  corporal,  10  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  August  31,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Pensacola.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  3  cor- 
porals, I  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  and  24 
privates.  In  case  of  any  alarm  the  troops  are  immediately  to 
repair  to  the  following  posts,  viz, :  Bastions,  Ohio,  the  42d 
Regiment. 

Grenadier:  The  grenadier  company,  Captain  Cochran's 
company.  Captain  Ecuyer's  company,  of  the  60th  Regiment. 

Music  :  Colonel  Provost's  company.  Colonel  Bouquet's  com- 
pany. Captain  Gordon's  company,  of  the  60th  Regiment.  Flag, 
the  77th  Regiment.  Monongahela  the  militia.  The  reserve 
to  be  in  the  area  of  the  fort,  which  is  to  consist  of  the  store- 
keeper, contractor,  artificers,  butcher,  baker,  bullock  and  sheep 
drivers.  The  King's  and  contractor's  clerks,  etc.,  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Trent.  A  list  to  be  given  in  by  corps 
of  the  names  of  such  persons  who  have  not  had  the  smallpox. 
The  garrison  to  be  under  arms  to-morrow  at  7  o'clock.  The 
guard  to  join,  leaving  the  sentries  at  their  posts.     N.  B. — The 


S.    ECUYER,    COMMANDANT   AT    FORT   IMTT,    1 763.  1 83 


II 


redoubt  guard  and  the  corporal  and  six,  with  the  cattle  to 
standfast,  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morn- 
ing, Ensign  Price,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal  and  8  privates. 
Guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  corporal,  15  privates.  Evening, 
Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  1  corporal,  10  privates.  After 
orders :  A  court  of  inquiry  to  be  held  to-morrow  morning  at 
10  o'clock.  Captain  Stewart,  President ;  Captain  Hay  and 
Captain  Ecuyer,  members.  The  President  to  wait  on  the 
commanding  officer  for  his  instructions. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  i,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Colchester. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates.  Picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  pri- 
vates. The  men  to  turn  out  to  work  at  the  beating  of  the 
long  roll,  and  to  leave  off  on  the  beating  of  the  three  ruffs. 
R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow  morning,  Ensign  Hutchins,  i 
sergeant,  2  corporals,  9  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow  even- 
ing, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  15  privates.  For  picket  to-mor- 
row evening,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  i  corporal,  11  pri- 
vates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  2,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  Kingston. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  3  subalterns,  2  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  R.  O's.  For  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  i 
sergeant,  l  corporal,  9  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow  even- 
ing. Lieutenant  Baillie,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  15  privates. 
For  picket  to-morrow  evening,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  3,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Louisburgh. 
For  guard,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  i  drum- 
mer, 50  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  privates.  A  court  of  in- 
quiry to  be  held  immediately  to  inquire  into  the  effects  left 


1 84 


BOUQUET    PAPERS. 


U 


^*M-i 


,■  ? 


EM    . 
*'    r'. 


by  the  late  Captain  Clapham,  and  to  settle  his  affairs  as  far 
as  it  can  be  done  here.  Captain  Barnsley,  President ;  Cap- 
tain Trent  and  Captain  Davenport,  members.  The  garrison 
to  be  under  arms  to-morrow  morning  at  9  o'clock.  R.  O. 
For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 9  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow  evening,  Ensign  Price, 
I  corporal,  15  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow  evening,  Cap- 
tain Ecuyer,  Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  u  pri- 
vates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  4,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Kingston. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corpo- 
rals, I  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  R.  O.  For  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  i 
sergeant,  2  corporals,  9  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow  even- 
ing. Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  15  privates. 
For  picket  to-morrow  evening,  1 1  privates.  All  the  men  off 
duty  to  parade  to-morrow  morning  at  7  o'clock,  with  their 
arms,  in  order  to  cut  fascines.  No  washing  to  be  allowed  at 
either  of  the  pumps  or  wells.  The  sentry  in  the  area  of  the 
fort  to  observe  that  this  order  is  strictly  obeyed. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  5,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Tunbridge. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  i 
drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  privates.  The 
captain  of  the  picket  to  visit  the  hospital  every  morning,  the 
subalterns  every  afternoon,  who  are  to  take  notice  if  the  rooms 
are  kept  clean  and  the  sick  and  wounded  are  properly  attended. 
The  adjutants  to  visit  the  barrack  rooms  once  every  day  to 
see  that  they  are  kept  clean  and  in  good  order,  the  two  adju- 
tants to  take  this  duty  week  about.  One  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, 2  sergeants,  2  corporals  and  50  men  to  parade  to- 
morrow morning,  with  their  arms,  in  order  to  cut  fascines. 


5ii 


rT!^:::rg'j:r:rj-iri«'*»  ■■•■' 


S.    ECUYEK,   COMMANOANT   AT   FORT   PITT,    I763.  I85 

R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  tomorrow,  2  sergeants,  i  cor- 
poral, 9  privates.  For  guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  corpcra', 
15  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow  evening,  Ensign  Price,  i 
sergeant,  1  corporal,  11  privates. 

Port  Pitt,  September  6,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  Worches- 
ter.  For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corpo- 
rals, I  drummer,  50  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain, 
I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  l  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  privates. 
Any  person  that  can  give  information  concerning  the  effects, 
accounts  of  debtor,  credits  or  any  other  thing  relating  to  the 
late  Mr.  Wm.  Clapham,  are  desired  to  communicate  them  to 
the  court  of  inquiry  to-morrow  morning  at  10  o'clock,  at  Cap- 
tain Barnsley's  room.  For  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning, 
Lieutenant  Baillie,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  9  privates.  For 
guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  corporal,  15  privates.  For  picket 
to-morrow  evening,  1 1  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  7,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  New 
Castle.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3 
sergeants,  4  corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket 
to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i 
drummer,  24  privates.  All  the  men  off  duty  to  parade  to- 
morrow morning  in  order  to  repair  the  ramparts  and  clean 
the  fort,  etc.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow 
morning,  Ensign  Price,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  9  privates  ;  for 
guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 5  privates ; 
for  picket  to-morrow  evening.  Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  11  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  8,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  Carlisle. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morn- 
ing. Ensign  Hutchins,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  9  privates  ;  for 

«3 


1 


1 86 


HOUQUET    PAPERS. 


m 


h  ii  -'P 


I  h.i 


1^1 


guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  15  privates  ; 
for  picket  to-morrow  evening,  Captain  Ecuyer,  o  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  11  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  9,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  Gravesend. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer, 
24  privates.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow 
morning,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  9  privates ;  for  guard  to- 
morrow evening.  Lieutenant  BailHe,  I  corporal,  15  privates; 
for  picket  to-morrow  evening,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  10,  1763.  G.  O.  Parole,  Killdare. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  The  garrison  to  be  under  arms  to-morrow  at  9 
o'clock.  A  pint  of  Indian  corn  to  be  served  out  to  each  man. 
R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  i  sergeant, 
2  corporals,  9  privates  ;  for  guard  to-morrow  evening.  Ensign 
Price,  I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 5  privates ;  for  picket  to- 
morrow evening,  Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  1 1 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  11,  1763.  Parole,  Orkney.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  cor- 
porals, I  drummer,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  For  Court  of  Inquiry  to  be  held  to-morrow  morn- 
ing at  10  o'clock.  Captain  Stewart,  President ;  Captain  Hay 
(members),  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips. 

To  inquire  into  the  reasons  of  the  loss  of  Presque  Isle  and 
Le  Bceuf.  Ensign  Price  and  all  evidences  to  attend  the 
court. 

His  Excellency,  Sir  Geoff ry  Amherst,  has  been  pleased  to. 


S.    ECUVER,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT    I'lTT,    I763.  1 87 

appoint  Lieutenant  Belnearis,  of  the  Royal  Highlanders,  Cap- 
tain-Lieutenant and  Mr.  Robt.  Peples,  gentleman,  to  be  en- 
sign in  the  said  regiment,  who  are  to  be  obeyed  as  such. 

New  York,  July  19,  1763. — Orders. — His  Excellency,  the 
Commander-in-Chief,  having  received  from  His  Majesty's 
Secretary  of  State,  a  copy  of  the  Proclamation  of  Peace, 
thinks  proper  to  make  the  same  known,  that  it  may  be  duly 
observed. 

Whereas,  a  definitive  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship 
between  us,  the  most  Christian  King,  and  the  King  of 
Spain,  to  which  the  King  of  Portugal  hath  acceded,  hath 
been  concluded  at  Paris  on  the  loth  day  of  February  last, 
and  the  ratification  thereof  have  been  exchanged  on  the  lOth 
day  of  this  inst.  (March).  In  conformity  thereunto  we  have 
thought  fit  hereby  to  command  that  the  same  be  published 
throughout  all  our  Dominion.s,  and  we  do  declare  to  all  our 
loving  subjects  our  will  and  pleasure,  that  the  said  treaty  of 
peace  and  friendship  be  observed  inviolable  as  well  by  sea  as 
land,  and  in  all  places  whatsoever.  Strictly  charging  and  com- 
manding all  our  loving  subjects  to  take  notice  hereof  and 
conform  themselves  thereunto  accordingly. 

The  King's  pleasure  is  that  the  clothing  for  all  regiments 
in  America  shall  be  delivered  out  every  year  on  the  22d  day 
of  September,  being  the  day  of  His  Majesty's  coronation. 

(Signed)  Wm.  Amherst, 

Adjutant-General. 


R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  9  privates  ;  for  guard  to-morrow  evening. 
Ensign  Hutchins,  o  sergeant,  2  corporals,  15  privates;  for 
picket  to-morrow  evening,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  i 
sergeant,  11  privates. 

Fort   Pitt,   September   12,  1763.     G.  O.  parole,  Jamaica. 


1 88 


noUgUKT    PAPERS. 


il 


'f 


For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  ser- 
geants, 4  corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to- 
morrow, I  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i 
drummer,  24  privates.  None  of  the  wood  now  in  the  fort  to 
be  used  for  fire — that  is,  to  be  cut  upon  the  glacis.  No 
other  sick  to  be  returned  and  exempted  of  doing  duty,  but 
such  as  the  surgeons  shall  return  as  unfit.  The  reports  of  the 
guards,  etc.,  are  to  be  given  every  morning  to  the  colonel  at 
10  o'clock.  When  anything  new  occurs  he  is  to  be  imme- 
diately informed.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow 
morning,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  9  privates  ;  for  guard  to- 
morrow evening,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  15  privates;  for 
picket  to-morrow  evening.  Lieutenant  Baillie,  o  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  11  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  13,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Tobago. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
fwivates.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morn- 
ing. Lieutenant  Baillie,  0  sergeant,  2  corporals,  9  privates  ; 
for  guard  to-morrow  evening,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  15  pri- 
vates ;  for  picket  to-morrow  evening.  Captain  Ecuyer,  o  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  11  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  14,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Halifax. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24  pri- 
vates. R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning, 
Ensign  Price,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  9  privates  ;  for  guard 
to-morrow  evening,  o  sergeant,  2  corporals,  1 5  privates ;  for 
picket,  Ensign  Hutchins,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i :  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  15,  1763.  G.  O.  parole.  Crown  Print 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants. 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT    AT   FORT    t'l TT,    I763.  I89 


4  corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow, 
o  captain,  0  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  At  any  time  that  a  cannon  is  fired  from  the  fort  all 
parties  out  are  to  come  in.  The  grass  guard  and  other  parties 
going  out  of  the  fort  are  either  to  march  in  file  or  in  a  rank 
entire,  and  the  soldiers  must  keep  from  three  to  five  paces 
distance  between  one  another.  The  King's  Commissary  to 
be  present  when  beeves  or  sheep  are  killed,  and,  if  the  meat 
does  not  appear  to  him  fit  to  be  issued,  he  is  to  report  it  to  the 
Major  of  brigade  to  have  it  inspected  and  regularly  con- 
demned. R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning, 
Ensign  Hutchins,  I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  12  privates ;  for 
guard  to-morrow  evening,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  12  privates  ; 
for  picket  to-morrow  evening,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  11 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  16,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Leeds. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  i  drummer,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  1 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  i  drummer,  24 
privates.  R.  O.  For  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow  morning, 
2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  12  privates ;  for  guard  to-morrow 
evening,  Lieutenant  Baillic,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  12  privates ; 
for  picket,  Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  i  sergeant,  o  cor- 
poral, II  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  17,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Guernsey. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  50  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  The  captains  or 
officers  who  pay  companies  are  from  this  day,  inclusive,  to 
keep  into  their  hands  four  shillings,  New  York  currency,  per 
week  from  the  pay  of  every  sergeant,  corporal,  drummer  and 
soldier,  and  will  account  for  the  same  to  their  men  when  they 
receive  orders  for  that  purpose  ;  and  they  are  in  the  mean- 


iB«ff> 


t^m  ■■ 


190 


BOUQUET  PAPERS. 


'i  f '  !• 


time  to  pay  them  only  the  remaining  part  of  their  subsistence, 
in  money  or  in  such  necessaries  as  they  may  want ;  this 
order  to  be  observed  by  the  detachment  of  Royal  Artillery 
and  all  the  regular  troops  in  this  department.  The  garrison 
to  be  under  arms  to-morrow  morning  at  lo  o'clock.  The 
Artificers  and  men  attending  them  are  not  to  parade. 
R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  o  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  o  drummer,  1 1  privates  ;  for  picket  to- 
morrow, I  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  o 
drummer,  6  privates  ;  for  bullock  guard.  Lieutenant  Calhoun, 

0  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  O  drummer,  6  privates  ; 
Captain  Trent  for  picket. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  September  i8,  1763.  Parole,  Quebec 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  ser 
geants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap 
tain,  I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  All  the 
men  off  duty  to  go  out  to  cut  the  tops  and  leaves  of  corn  as 
soon  as  the  fog  hath  cleared  up.  The  picket  to  cover  them 
R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  ser 
geant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow.  Lieu 
tenant  Fleming,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal 
6  privates ;  for  bullock  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern 

1  sergeant,  i  corporal,  6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  September  19,  1763.  Parole,  Ber 
mudas.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  ser 
geants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  1  cap 
tain,  I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  R.  O 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o  cor 
poral,  1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  Captain  Davenport, 
o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates;  for  bullock 
guard  to-morrow  morning.  Lieutenant  Fleming,  i  sergeant,  o 
corporal,  6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  September  20,  1763.      G.  O.  parole, 


<,'. 


;  ^ 


(,' 


S.    ECUVER,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT   l-ITT,    I763.  IQl 

Williamsburgh.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns, 
3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  The 
men  off  duty  to  parade  to-morrow  morning  for  work  to  finish 
the  drains  and  to  level  the  barrack  yard.  R.  O.  For  guard 
to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1 
privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  o  captain,  0  subaltern,  o  ser- 
geant, o  corporal,  6  privates  ;  for  the  bullock  guard  to-morrow. 
Lieutenant  Calhoun,  o  captain,  0  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  21,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Goree. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  R.  O.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal, 
1 1  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow.  Captain  Trent,  o  subaltern, 
o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates ;  for  bullock  guard,  o  captain, 
o  subaltern,  0  sergeant,  i  corporal,  6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  22,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Oswego. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  R.  O.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal, 
1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow.  Lieutenant  Calhoun,  i 
subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  6  privates ;  for  bullock 
guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  0  cor- 
poral, 6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  September  23,  1763.  G.  O.  parole, 
Charlestown.  For  guard  to-morrow,  0  captain,  2  subalterns, 
3  sergeants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  R. 
O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  0  subaltern,  o  sergeant, 
I  corporal,  1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  o  captain,  0  sub- 


'i 


^  /»  V  »,  Ji*»-»^  .m^    . 


►.»*ll.#i«^>»<^i   ■> 


192 


noUQUKT    I'Al'KKS. 


altcrn,  r  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates ;  for  bullock  guard 
to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  6 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Saturday,  September  34,  1763.  G.  O.  parole. 
Piedmont.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3 
sergeants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  No 
parade  to-morrow  morning.  One  pint  of  Indian  corn  to  be 
given  to  each  man  to-morrow.  The  monthly  return  to  be 
given  to-morrow  at  orderly  time.  R.  O.  For  guard  to- 
morrow, o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  11 
privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  ser- 
geant, o  corporal,  6  privates ;  for  bullock  guard.  Lieutenant 
Calhoun,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  September  25,  1763.  G.  O.  parole, 
Louisburgh.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  2  subalterns,  3 
sergeants,  4  corporals,  50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  .sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  For 
work  to-morrow  morning  at  half  after  seven,  i  officer,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  30  men  of  the  garrison,  who  are  to  work 
four  hours  and  to  be  relieved  in  the  afternoon  by  the  same 
number,  who  are  to  work  from  half-past  one  to  half-past  five. 
The  subaltern  of  the  picket  takes  the  command  of  the  working 
party.  The  grass  guard  are  to  take  their  dinners  with  them, 
and  no  man  to  be  allowed  to  carry  them  provision.  R.  O. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o 
corporal,  11  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates.  Captain  Trent  and 
Lieutenant  Fleming  for  picket. 

F"ort  Pitt,  September  26,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Montreal. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals, 
50  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  subaltern, 
I   sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.     R.  O.     For  guard  to- 


t^,^^-K^^f^jf''^ — *-• 


..X.A^J    4.1.„  — ' 


^>**>*^t^ 


S.    ECUVER,   COMMANDANT    AT    TORT    l'!TT,    1 763.  I93 

morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates ;  for 
picket  to-morrow,  Lieutenant  Fleming,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant, 
I  corporal,  6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  September  27,  1763.  (i.  O.  parole,  Norwich. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4  corporals, 
50  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  1  subaltern,  1  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  24  privates.     For  work,  30  privates. 

A  court  of  enquiry,  of  Captain  Stewart,  Captain  Hay  and 
Captain-Lieutenant  Phillips,  is  to  sit  to-morrow  morning  at 
10  o'clock,  to  examine  into  the  cause  of  the  deficiency  of  16,308 
lbs.  of  Hour,  discovered  in  the  King's  store  at  this  post  in  July 
last ;  the  commissary  to  attend,  and  such  persons  who  can  give 
any  information  to  the  court. 

R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  .sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 1 1  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  6  privates.  Hullock 
guard,  I  corporal,  6  privates.  Working  party,  7  privates.  For 
guard  to-morrow.  Lieutenant  Calhoun  and  Captain  Davenport. 

P'ort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  September  28,  1763.  G.  O.  parole, 
Poole.  For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  50  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i 
sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  R.  O.  P'or  guard,  1 1  privates. 
Bullock  guard,  6  privates.  For  picket,  i  sergeant,  6  privates. 
Working  party,  7  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Thursday,  September  29,  1763.  C  O.  parole, 
Minden.  For  guard  to-morrow,  2  subalterns,  3  sergeants,  4 
corporals,  50  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i 
sergeant,  i  corporal,  24  privates.  The  commanding  officer 
orders  that  the  sergeants,  drummers,  corporals  and  soldiers 
receive  their  subsistence  as  it  was  usual  before  his  orders  of 
the  17th  inst.,  and  the  four  shillings  New  York  currency 
stopped  from  their  pay  in  consequence  of  the  said  order  be 
made  good  to  them.  An  express  will  be  dispatched  to-mor- 
row for  Detroit,  the  ist  of  October  another  for  Philadelphia. 


-•*^'».  jA.«  •.- 


R4* 


194 


BOUQUET   PAPERS. 


■  !,    ,l( 


m 


fi  }■ 


»■  ■(: 


\m' 


ii't 


The  letters  to  be  sent  to  the  Major  of  Brigade.  R.  O.  For 
guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  ii  pri- 
vates. Bullock  guard,  6  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  6 
privates.  Working  party,  7  privates.  Lieutenant  Fleming 
for  guard.  Lieutenant  Calhoun  for  picket. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  September  30,  1763.  Parole,  Torbay. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3 
corporals,  44  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i 
subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  21  privates.  R.  O.  For 
guard  to-morrow :  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, II  privates;  bullock  guard,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o 
sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  6  privates;  working  party,  o 
captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  7  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  October  i,  1763.  Parole,  New  Castle.  G.  O. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3 
corporals,  44  privates;  for  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i 
sergeant,  21  privates.  The  men  to  be  served  with  a  pint  of 
corn  each  to-morrow.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain, 
I  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to- 
morrow, I  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  pri- 
vates ;  for  bullock  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o 
sergeant,  o  corporal,  5  privates.  Lieutenant  Calhune  for 
guard.  Captain  Davenport  for.  picket. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  October  2,  1763.  G.  O.  parole,  Eaton. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  I  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3 
corporals,  44  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i 
subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  21  privates.  R.  O.  For 
guard,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  1 1  pri- 
vates ;  bullock  guard,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  5  privates ;  for 
picket,  I  subaltern,  o  corporal,  6  privates ;  working  party,  o 
sergeant,  o  corporal,  7  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  October  3,  1763.     G.  O.  parole,  Car- 


(•  1 


"•l^l**. 


:    i'^^^K*-,.^  -■    ■<•' 


S.   ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT   PITT,    1 763. 


I9S 


digan.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  ser- 
geants, 3  corporals,  44  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  21  privates.  R. 
O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  11  privates;  bullock  guard,  o  captain,  o  subaltern, 

0  sergeant,  i  corporal,  5  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  o 
captain,  i  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  0  corporal,  6  privates ;  work- 
ing party,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  7 
privates.  Lieutenant  McKee  with  a  sergeant,  a  corporal  and 
30  men,  to  go  to  Mr.  Croghan's  plantation  to-morrow  morning 
at  8  o'clock,  who  are  to  take  a  batteau  with  them  in  order  to 
bring  down  staves  for  casks,  etc.  Any  person  having  claims 
against  the  Crown  to  deliver  their  accounts  forthwith  to  the 
Major  of  brigade,  with  the  vouchers,  that  they  may  be  settled 
and  transmitted  to  the  General.  The  grass  guard  to  report 
to  the  officer  of  the  main  guard,  who  is  (to)  include  it  in  his 
report  to  the  commanding  officers.  R.  O.  For  guard,  o  cap- 
tain, o  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  10  privates ;  body 
guard,  I  sergeant,  I  corporal,  4  privates;  for  picket,  o  cap- 
tain, I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  o  corporal,  5  privates ;  working 
party,  0  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates.  Lieutenant  Cai- 
hune  for  picket  to-morrow. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  October  4,  1763.  Parole,  Embden. 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  21  privates.     R.  O.     For  guard, 

1  sergeant,  i  corporal,  11  privates;  for  picket,  i  captain,  i 
corporal,  5  privates  ;  bullock  guard  4,  working  party,  7  pri- 
vates.    Captain  Trent  for  picket  to-morrow. 

Fort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  October  5,  1763.  Parole,  St. 
Domingo.  G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  ser- 
geants, 3  corporals,  40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow, 
I   captain,   i   subaltern,  i   sergeant,   i   corporal,  20  privates. 


i 


i 


•-tv.<-».V^->'I*»^ 


196 


BOUQUET   PAPERS. 


m 


R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  corporal,  11 
privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sergeant,  5 
privates ;  bullock  guard,  4  privates ;  working  party,  7  privates. 
Captain  Davenport  for  picket  to-morrow  and  Lieutenant 
Calhune  for  guard. 

Fort  Pitt,  Thursday,  October  6,  1763.  Parole,  China. 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3 
corporals,  40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain, 
I  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates.  The  chim- 
neys of  the  garrison  to  be  swept  very  clean  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. The  rooms  of  the  garrison  to  be  completed  to  twenty 
men  per  room.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  sergeant, 
I  corporal,  11  privates;  bullock  guard,  i  sergeant,  4  pri- 
vates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  5  privates ;  working  party,  7 
privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  October  7,  1763.  Parole,  Epsom. 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3  cor- 
porals, 40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates.  One  of  the  bales 
of  skins  lying  on  the  rampart  hath  been  cut  open,  and  several 
stolen.  Whosoever  shall  be  found  guilty  of  that  crime  will 
be  punished  with  the  greatest  rigor.  The  corporal  of  the 
redoubt  guard  is  not  to  suffer,  at  his  peril,  any  man  of 
his  post,  or  any  other  (person),  except  the  Grenadier 
Frazier,  to  take  any  turnips.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow, 
I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates  ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
sergeant,  5  privates  ;  bullock  guard  to-morrow,  i  corporal, 
4  privates  ;  working  party  to-morrow,  7  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Saturday,  October  8, 1763.  Parole,  Rumney.  G.  O. 
For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3  corporals, 
40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i 
sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow, 
I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  1 1  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow, 
I  captain,  i   sergeant,  i  corporal,  5  privates  ;  bullock  guard, 


■^Ti  ■*?r';^^«»«"T*i>*:J•«•.'  :***¥**  *^«*-m»-"*j-.'^ 


'..-».-»lVJ",  )»*-*.■' 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT   FORT    PITT,    1 763.  I97 

4  privates  ;  working  party,  7  privates ;   Captain  Trent  for 
picket  to-morrow. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday,  October  9,  1763.  Parole,  Saltash.  G. 
O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3  corporals, 
40  privates.  For  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i 
sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates. 

The  people  that  live  in  the  huts  are  not  to  allow  any  fire 
to  be  made  in  them  and  they  are  to  be  cleaned  all  round  and 
the  dirt  wheeled  away  into  the  large  ditch  on  the  outside  of  the 
fort.  No  ashes  or  dirt  to  be  thrown  into  the  area  of  the  fort, 
but  to  be  carried  to  fill  up  the  holes  on  the  Grenadier  bastion. 
R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  i  corporal,  10  privates. 
Bullock  guard,  4  privates.     For  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain, 

5  privates.     Working  party,  6  privates.     Captain  Davenport 
for  picket  and  Lieutenant  Calhoun  for  guard. 

Fort  Pitt,  Monday,  October  10,  1763.  Parole,  Rochester. 
G.  Os.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  3  sergeants,  4  cor- 
porals, 40  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  ser- 
geant, I  corporal,  20  privates.  R.  O,  For  guard  to-morrow, 
I  sergeant,  10  privates.  Bullock  guard,  i  sergeant,  4  privates. 
For  picket,  i  subaltern,  i  corporal,  5  privates.    Working  party, 

6  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Tuesday,  October  11,  1763.  Parole,  Funday.  G. 
O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3  corporals, 
40  privates.  For  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant, 
I  corporal,  20  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Wednesday,  October  12, 1763.  Parole,  Cornwell. 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  ser- 
geants, 3  corporals,  40  privates;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates. 
R.  O.  For  guard,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal, 
10  privates ;  bullock  guard,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  i  sergeant, 
o  corporal,  4  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  o 
subaltern,  o  sergeant,  5  privates ;  working  party,  o  captain. 


198 


BOUQUET   I'Al'ERS. 


0  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  6  privates.  Captain  Trent 
for  picket,  Lieutenant  Fleming  for  guard. 

Fort  Pitt,  Thursday,  October  13,  1763.  Parole,  Torbay. 
G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  ser- 
geants, 3  corporals,  40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i 
captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates ;  for 
work  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal, 
26  privates.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  o  sub- 
altern, I  sergeant,  o  corporal,  10  privates;  bullock  guard,  o 
sergeant,  o  corporal,  4  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  cap- 
tain, I  sergeant,  5  privates  ;  working  party,  o  sergeant,  o  cor- 
poral, 6  privates.     Captain  Davenport  for  picket. 

Fort  Pitt,  Friday,  October  14,  1763.  Parole,  Andover.  G. 
O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants, 
3  corporals,  40  privates ;  for  picket  to-morrow,  i  captain,  i 
subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates.  R.  O.  For  guard 
to-morrow :  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  2  corporals,  10 
privates ;  bullock  guard,  o  sergeant,  o  corporal,  4  privates ; 
for  picket  to-morrow,  o  captain,  i  subaltern,  o  sergeant,  o 
corporal,  5  privates ;  working  party,  o  sergeant,  0  corporal, 
6  privates.  Lieutenant  Calhune  for  guard,  and  Lieutenant 
Fleming  for  picket. 

Fort  Pitt,  Saturday,  October  15,  1763.     Parole  .     G. 

O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants,  3  cor- 
porals, 40  privates ;  for  picket,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  i  cor- 
poral, 20  privates.  The  guards  to  be  relieved  every  morning 
at  long  roll  beating.  The  garrison  to  be  under  arms  to-mor- 
row forenoon,  if  the  weather  permit,  in  order  to  fire  three 
rounds  per  man  at  a  mark.  Each  corps  to  provide  them- 
selves a  target.  R.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  sergeant,  i 
corporal,  10  privates ;  for  bullock  guard,  4  privates ;  for 
picket,  S  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  Sunday  October  16,  17&3.  Parole,  Bridge- 
water.     G.  O.  For  guard  to-morrow,  i  subaltern,  2  sergeants, 


S.    ECUYER,   COMMANDANT   AT    FORT   PITT,    I763.  I99 


3  corporals,  40  privates ;  for  picket,  I  captain,  i  subaltern, 
I  sergeant,  i  corporal,  20  privates ;  for  work,  i  captain,  1 
subaltern,  2  sergeants,  60  privates,  R.  F. 

The  batteaus  and  flats  necessary  to  bring  coals  and  the 
bags  with  strings  to  be  ready  to-day;  the  floating  battery 
likewise.  A  party  of  i  captain,  i  lieutenant,  3  sergeants 
and  60  rank  and  file  to  go  to-morrow  at  9  o'clock,  over  the 
Monongahela  for  coals.  For  that  party  Captain  Trent  and 
the  subaltern  of  the  picket.  The  detachment  of  Royal  Artil- 
lery are  to  furnish  their  proportion  to  lay  in  fuel  for  the  winter. 
Nobody  is  to  go  out  of  the  fort  while  the  above  party  and  the 
grass  guard  are  out.  Captain  Hay  will  give  -^  -ders  to  the 
gunsmith  of  the  Royal  Artillery  to  repair  the  arms  of  the  gar- 
rison and  to  begin  to-morrow.  R.  O.  For  guard,  10  privates ; 
for  picket,  i  captain,  i  subaltern,  i  sergeant,  5  privates. 

Fort  Pitt,  October  17,  1763.  Parole, .  The  detach- 
ment under  the  command  of  Captain  Stewart  to  march  as 
soon  as  possible  after  the  following  mannei  :  Major  Field 
and  his  rangers  to  march  where  the  service  most  requires. 
Captain  Stewart  and  two  subalterns  to  march  in  the  front  with 
the  first  division  of  regulars ;  Major  Trent,  with  the  garrison 
of  militia,  to  march  in  the  rear  of  the  first  division.  The  pack 
and  baggage  horses  next  to  them ;  Captain  Ecuyer  and  two 
subalterns  with  the  second  division  of  regulars  to  march  in 
the  rear.  Ensign  Hutchins  is  to  do  adjutant's  duty,  and  all 
orders  received  from  him  are  to  be  obeyed.  A  return  of 
the  number  of  wounded  men  to  be  given  in  immediately  to 
the  adjutant  by  Doctor  Boyd,  that  a  sufficient  number  of 
horses  may  be  applied  for  to  Captain  Ourry,  to  carry  them  on. 
The  detachment  to  march  to-morrow  at  daybreak. 

The  men  to  be  completed  with  ammunition  and  provisions 
this  afternoon.  The  horses  for  the  sick  to  be  received  to- 
morrow morning,  immediately  before  the  detachment  marches. 
Mr.  Prather  will  deliver  a  driver  with  every  six  horses. 


ilf' 


SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  GENERAL  O'HARA.* 


t  i' 


Thk  O'Haras  are  an  ancient  Milesian  family,  settled  in 
County  Mayo,  in  the  West  of  Ireland.  The  first  mention  of 
the  family  was  in  1348.  Bishop  Murcherd  MacMael  Moi. 
1396,  a  Bishop  of  the  same  diocese.  1409,  Bishop  Bryan 
O'Hara.  1485,  Archbishop  O'Hara.  General  Sir  Charles 
O'Hara  in  1706  was  created  a  baron  and  took  his  title  from 
the  castle  and  demesne  of  Tyrawley,  in  County  Mayo.  His  son, 
General  Sir  James  O'Hara,  whose  first  title  was  conferred 
during  the  life  of  his  father  for  military  services  during  Queen 
Anne's  reign,  was  also  from  the  demesne  of  Kilmaine  in  that 
part  of  Ireland.  This  district  is  still  wild  and  savage,  the  roads 
are  few  and  almost  impassable  for  ordinary  carriages.  The 
O'Haras  spread  from  thence  to  other  parts  of  Ireland,  viz., 
Tyrone,  Donegal,  Antrim,  etc.  James  O'Hara  had  always 
hanging  in  the  hall  of  his  house  the  coat-of-arms  of  the  barony 
of  Tyrawley,  in  recognition  of  his  descent  from  the  ancestors 
of  the  barons  of  the  O'Hara  family  of  County  Mayo — vert 
on  a  pale  radiant  or,  a  lion  rampant  sable.  James  O'Hara, 
afterward  General  O'Hara,  emigrated  to  America  about  1772, 
landed  in  Philadelphia,  and  after  a  short  residence  there  wan- 
dered to  Western  Virginia,  where  he  was  engaged  as  Indian 
trader  by  a  Philadelphia  firm.  From  December,  1773,  to 
March,  1774,  he  was  in  the  service  of  Devereux  Smith  and 

*  Compiled  from  books  and  documents  collected  by  William  M.  Dar- 
lington, and  letters  now  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  McKnight  and  Miss 
Matilda  W.  Denny.  M.  C.  Darlington. 

(200) 


',    ;        i^f 


WPS      WARY    O  H*R*. 


R.i- 


SKhTCH  OI-THi;  IIKFOI-  GHNKRAL  OHAkA.* 


'!,' 


Tjik  O'Ifaras  art-  an  ancient  Milesian  family,  settled  in 
County  Mayo,  in  tlu-  West  ui  Ireland.  The  first  mention  of 
the  family  was  in  f348.  I^ishop  Murcheid  MacMael  Moi. 
1396.  a  Hisliop  of  tlie  same  diocese.  1409,  liislio])  Hryan 
D'llara.  1485,  Archbishop  O'llara.  General  Sir  Charles 
O'Haiain  1706  was  created  a  baron  and  look  his  title  from 
the  castle  and  demesne  of  Tyrawley,  in  County  Mayo.  His  son, 
General  Sir  James  ( )'liara,  whose  first  title  was  conferred 
during  the  life  ot  his  father  for  military  services  during  Queen 
Anne's  reign,  was  also  from  the  demesne  of  Kilmaine  in  that 
j)art  of  Ireland.  This  district  is  still  wild  and  .savage,  the  roads 
are  fovv  antl  almost  impassable  lor  ordinary  carriages.  I'he 
•>' Haras  H[jread  from  tlience  to  other  parts  of  Ireland,  viz., 
Tyr««Mr,  Donegal,  Antrim,  etc.  James  O'Hara  had  always 
hanging  in  the  hall  of  his  hou.se  the  cont  .,;  .11  ms  of  the  barony 
•:    '  '      w.uifri.itiw*  of  hi*  tJtfsccrit  from  the  ancestors 

ot  the  bajx»iis  ><'  >  Ji;ira  family  of  County  Mayo — vert 

»in  a  pale  radiant  or,  a  lion  rampant  sable.  James  O'Hara, 
afterward  (Jenera!  C*Ml,' m  emigrated  to  America  about  1772, 
landed  in  i*hiia;i«lph(a,  and  after  a  short  residence  there  wan- 
dered U:  '^V'  siern  Virginia,  where  he  was  engaged  as  Indian 
tradt  •  ,.  .)  I'hiiadelphia  firm.  From  December,  1773,  to 
Manh,  i;74,  he  was  in  the  service  of  Devcreux  Smith  and 


*  Compttt^  from  hooks  and  documents  collected  bv  William  M.  Dar- 
lington, and  lt-it<rrs  now  in  the  .possession  of  .Mrs.  McKiiiH;lit  and  Mi.ss 
Matilda  \V.  Demiy.  M.  C.  Daki.incton. 

(JOO) 


MRS.  MARY  O'HARA. 


SKKTCII    OK   THK    I.II-K   OF   OENKKAL   O  IIARA. 


201 


Ephraim  Douglas,  of  Pittsburgh,  as  Indian  trader  at  Kus- 
kusky,  an  Indian  town,  near  the  junction  of  the  Mahoning  and 
Shenango  rivers,  in  what  is  now  Lawrence  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The  accounts  of  the  trades  with  the  Indians  are  kept  in 
bucks',  does'  and  fawns'  skins.  Here  is  a  sample  of  some  of 
the  entries : 

"Captain  Pipe's  account,  Pea-meet-chease,  lives  over  the 
creek  ;  Captain  Pipe  promises  to  pay  this  account  if  the  other 
would  not.  Deer  skins  received  of  his  wife,  I  oj;  i  buckskin, 
paid  Joseph  is.  Deer  skins  got  of  Mamalteas,  6s  id.  Re- 
mainder of  raccoon  and  foxes  got  at  his  camp.  Account 
with  the  white  woman  who  lives  in  the  smith's  shop,  D""'  Cap- 
tain Pipe's  brother-in-law.  D'-  The  little  Muncy  man  who 
bo'  the  gun  at  the  Muncy  town,  i  pint  powder." 

After  March,  1774,  James  O'Hara  was  government  agent 
among  the  Indians  until  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution. 
Having  been  three  years  ensign  in  the  British  army,  in  the 
Coldstream  Guards,  he  was  thought  capable  of  commanding  a 
company.  He  raised  and  equipped  a  company  of  volunteers. 
The  equipment  of  soldiers  at  that  time  was  their  usual  dress, 
hunting  shirt,  buckskin  breeches  and  the  rifle  which  always 
hung  on  the  wall  ready  for  use.  The  equipment  supplied  them 
would  be  little  more  than  ammunition ;  but  in  this  case  boats 
were  supplied,  which  carried  besides  the  company  of  volunteers 
such  articles  as  were  of  use  in  trading  with  the  Indians.  The 
fort  at  Canhawa,  now  Kanawha,  to  which  they  were  sent,  was 
erected  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  and  was  protected  and  pro- 
visioned by  the  efforts  of  Captain  O'Hara's  company  until 
1779.  It  had  escaped  the  perspicacity  of  the  Virginia  states- 
men that  the  sources  of  the  Indian  devastations  were  Detroit, 
Vincennes  and  Kaskaskia,  then  in  possession  of  the  British, 
Major  George  Rogers  Clark  represented  that  if  these  posts 

14 


\\ 


SKETCH  OF  THE  I. IKK  OK  (iENERAI,  O  MARA. 


'I.  '' 


were  reduced,  a  counter-influence  would  be  established  over 
the  Indians. 

In  December,  1777,  Major  Clark  submitted  to  the  executive 
of  Virginia  a  plan  for  the  reduction  of  these  posts.  January  2, 
1778,  he  received  orders  from  Patrick  Henry,  to  raise  seven 
companies  of  soldiers,  to  consist  of  fifty  men,  officered  in  the 
usual  manner  and  armed  properly,  and  with  this  force  to 
attack  the  Kritish  posts  at  Kaskaskia.  He  set  out  as  soon  as 
possible  on  the  enterprise.  On  arriving  at  the  Kanawha  River, 
he  was  joined  by  Captain  O'llara's  company,  then  on  its  way 
to  the  Ozark.  General  Clark  was  successful  and  took  posses- 
sion of  the  town  of  Kaskaskia,  which  was  situated  on  the 
river  of  that  name,  seven  miles  from  its  junction  with  the 
Mississippi.  Also  Vincennes  on  the  Wabash  River.  This 
fort  was  called  by  the  English  l^'ort  Sackville.  The  name 
Vincennes  was  derived  from  P'ran^ois  Morgan  de  Vincennes, 
who  was  commandant  at  the  post  in  1735.  The  march  to 
Vincennes  was  long,  the  .season  inclement,  the  road  passed 
through  an  untrodden  wilderness.  He  could  only  muster  one 
hundred  and  thirty  men;  but  in.spiring  this  handful  with  his 
own  heroic  spirit,  he  resolved  to  strike  the  enemy  in  the  cita- 
del of  his  strength.  For  days  his  route  lay  through  the 
drowned  lands  of  Illinois.  One  plain,  called  Horse-shoe  Plain, 
about  four  miles  long,  was  covered  with  water  breast-high. 
The  men,  holding  their  rifles  above  their  heads,  plunged  in 
among  the  floating  ice  and  reached  the  high  land  beyond 
safely.  In  a  few  days  after  the  surrender  an  amazing  number 
of  savages  flocked  into  the  towns  to  treat  for  peace,  and  soon 
the  enlisted  companies  returned  to  their  former  stations.  The 
inhabitants  were  mostly  French.  Speaking  French  with  flu- 
ency and  understanding  some  of  the  Indian  dialects.  Captain 
O'Hara  must  have  been  of  great  service  to  General  Clark. 
Letters  from  General  Clark  show  the  strong  friendship  be- 


I 


f. 


SKKTCH  or  THK  l.ll'K  OK  OKNKRAI,  O  MARA. 


203 


twccn  them  for  many  years  after.     In  1779,  Captain  O'Hara's 
company,  having  had  the  greater  part  of  the  soldicns  killed  by 
the  Indians  while  hunting  about  Canhawa  and  other  parts  of 
the  country,  was  reduced  to  twenty-nine,  which  was  too  small 
a  garrison  to  answer  any  purpose,  or  protect  the  inhabitants 
living  in  the  vicinity  of  that  post.    The  fort  was  evacuated 
and  the  garrison,  cattle  and  horses  removed  to  Pittsburgh. 
The  few  men  surviving  were  anne.xed  to  the  Ninth  Virginia 
Regiment,  by  (leneral  Hrodhcad,  December  13,  1779.    Captain 
O'Hara  was  sent  to  headquarters  with  letters  from  General 
Hrodhead  to  General  Washington,  and  to  James  Wilkinson, 
asking  for  a  supply  of  clothing  for  the  soldiers.     Captain 
O'Hara  was  then  made  commissary  for  the  General  Hospital, 
and  stationed  at  Carlisle.     The  following  letter  was  written 
by  Captain  O'Hara  to  Devereux  Smith,  Esq. : 

PiTTSuuRGH,  April  8,  1777. 
Dear  Sir: — I  arrived  here  yesterday  from  the  Indian  country 
and  must  say  that  I  have  great  reason  to  suspect  that  num- 
bers of  the  savages  are  determined  to  annoy  our  frontier  as 
much  as  they  dare.  On  the  2d  day  of  this  month,  as  I  was 
preparing  to  start  with  my  horses  from  the  Moravian  town, 
there  were  three  runners  arrived  from  Tuscarawas,  about  thir- 
teen short  miles  off,  with  intelligence  that  there  were  a  party 
of  eighteen,  consisting  of  fifteen  Mingoes,  two  Shawnees  and 
one  Wiandot  at  that  place,  on  their  way  to  war,  and  that  they 
intended  to  come  for  the  ministers  and  other  white  people 
who  live  with  the  Moravians,  upon  which  all  the  white  people 
of  the  upper  town  fled  that  night  to  the  principal  Delaware 
town ;  however  I  stayed  till  ne.\t  morning  and  got  two  of  the 
Moravian  Indians  to  go  meet  the  warriors  and  find  out,  if  pos- 
sible, what  they  intended  to  do.  We  got  for  answer  that  they 
looked  on  themselves  as  free  men,  that  they  had  no  kine  nor 


]n 


204 


SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE   OF    GENERAL   O  HARA. 


,  '  {. 


chief,  therefore  would  do  as  they  pleased,  and  that  in  the  first 
place  they  would  visit  the  neighborhood  of  P'ort  Pitt ;  they 
then  set  off  from  Tuscarawas,  and  as  I  knew  that  I  certainly 
must  have  fallen  in  with  them,  if  following  my  course.  I 
thought  best  to  send  my  horses  by  the  Delawares  and  came 
home,  myself  and  man,  by  way  of  the  Mingoes'  town  on  the 
Ohio.  I  was  informed  by  good  authority,  that  a  party  of 
sixty-four,  who  had  gone  some  time  ago  to  the  Kentucky, 
have  returned  to  Pluggin's  town,  they  have  brought  only  one 
prisoner,  and  have  lost  a  Shawnee  man ;  they  have  again  held 
a  council  of  war,  and  seventy  have  turned  out  to  visit  the  Big 
River.  The  Muncies  have  in  general  turned  off  from  the 
Delawares,  and  are  much  inclined  to  listen  to  the  Mingoes. 
The  Shawnees  are  divided,  about  one  half  of  them  have  joined 
the  Mingoes,  the  Wiandots  seem  more  inclined  for  peace. 

I  have  nothing  further  material  to  communicate  at  present 
but  that  I  have  lost  one  of  your  buckles.  Please  make  my 
best  compliments  to  Mrs.  Smith,  and  Miss  Polly,  and  the  rest 
of  your  family. 

I  am,  sir,  your  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara. 


y,'  •     ! 


The  following  account  was  written  by  John  Heckwelder, 
the  Moravian  :  On  seeing  the  death  of  General  O'Hara  an- 
nounced in  the  public  papers,  the  following  occurrence, 
respecting  him,  was  brought  to  my  recollection  : 

Some  time  after  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary 
war,  when  the  northern  Indians  were  beginning  to  make  in- 
roads on  the  people  living  on  the  east  side  of  the  Ohio  River, 
this  gentleman,  having  come  out  the  upper  Moravian  town 
on  the  Muskingum,  on  business,  and  there  taken  lodgings 
with  a  respectable  and  decent  family  of  Indians  in  the  village, 
I  had  one  evening  scarcely  laid  down  to  sleep,  when  I  was 


SKETCH   OK   THE   LIFE   OF   GENERAL   O  HARA. 


205 


suddenly  roused  from  my  bed  by  an  Indian  runner  (or  mes- 
senger), who  in  the  night  had  been  sent  to  me  nine  miles, 
with  the  following  verbal  message : 

"My  friend  :  See  that  our  friend  O'Hara,  now  at  your  town, 
be  immediately  taken  off  to  the  settlement  of  the  white  people, 
avoiding  all  paths  leading  to  that  river.  Fail  not  in  taking  my 
advice,  for  there  is  no  time  to  lose,  and  hear  my  son  further 
on  the  subject." 

The  fact  was,  that  eleven  warriors  from  Sandusky  were  far 
advanced  on  their  way  to  take  or  murder  O'Hara,  who  at 
break  of  day  would  be  at  this  place  for  the  purpose.  I  im- 
mediately sent  for  this  gentleman  and  told  him  that  I  would 
furnish  him  with  a  conductor,  on  whom  he  might  depend,  and 
having  sent  for  Anthony  (otherwise  called  Luke  Holland), 
informed  him  of  the  circumstances,  and  requested  his  services. 
He  (the  Indian)  first  wished  to  know,  whether  my  friend  placed 
confidence  in  him  and  trusted  to  his  fidelity,  which  question 
being  answered  by  O'Hara  himself,  and  to  his  full  satisfac- 
tion, he  replied  :  "  Well,  our  lives  cannot  be  separated !  We 
must  stand  or  fall  together !  But  take  courage,  for  no  enemy 
shall  discover  us!"  The  Indian  then  took  Mr.  O'Hara 
through  the  woods,  and  arriving  within  a  short  distance  of 
the  Ohio  River,  pointed  out  to  him  a  hiding  place,  until  he,  by 
strolling  up  and  down  the  river,  should  discover  white  people 
on  the  opposite  shore ;  when  finally  observing  a  house,  where 
two  white  men  were  cleaning  out  a  canoe  for  use,  he  hurried 
back  to  bring  on  his  friend,  who,  when  near  the  spot,  advised 
his  Indian  conductor  to  hide  himself,  knowing  those  people  to 
be  bad  men,  he  feared  they  might  kill  him  for  his  services. 
The  Indian  finally  seeing  his  friend  safe  across  the  river, 
returned  and  made  report  thereof. 

The  young  Indian,  who  had  been  the  bearer  of  the  message 
from  his  father  to  me,  had  immediately  returned  on  seeing 


IJ 


•  !:; 


i  ! 


i 

> 

\  ■ 

s  ■  -■ 

|i/ 

206 


SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  GENERAL  O  HARA. 


O'Hara  off,  in  order  to  play  a  further  deception  on  the  war 
party,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  them  even  from  going  to 
our  town,  fearing,  that  if  there,  and  not  finding  their  object, 
they  might  probably  hunt  up  his  track,  and  finding  this,  pur- 
sue him.  He  indeed  effected  his  purpose  so  completely,  that 
while  they  were  looking  for  him  in  one  direction,  his  conduc- 
tor was  taking  him  off  in  another.  The  father  of  the  young 
lad,  who  was  the  principal  cause  that  O'Hara's  life  had  been 
saved,  had  long  been  admired  by  all  who  knew  him  for  his 
philanthropy,  on  account  of  which  the  traders  had  given  him 
the  name  of  "The  Gentleman."  Otherwise  this  Indian  was 
not  in  connection  with  the  Christian  Indian  Society,  though 
a  friend  to  them.  He  lived  with  his  family  retired  and  in  a 
decent  manner.  While  I  feel  a  delif:ht  in  offering  to  the 
relatives  and  friends  of  the  deceased  this  true  and  faithful 
picture  of  Indian  fidelity,  I  regret  that  on  necessarily  having 
had  to  recur  to  the  names  "Anthony  "  and  "  Luke  Holland," 
I  am  drawn  from  scenes  of  pleasure  to  crimes  of  the  blackest 
hue.  The  very  Indian  just  named,  who  at  that  time  joyfully 
reported  to  me  his  having  conducted  his  friend  out  of  danger 
to  a  place  of  safety,  some  years  after  approached  me  with  the 
doleful  news  that  every  one  of  his  children  (all  minors)  to- 
gether with  his  hoary-headed  parents,  had  been  murdered  by 
the  white  people  at  Gnadenhutten  on  the  Muskingum. 

John  Hecuv.xlder. 

1780,  Captain  O'Hara  was  appointed  Commissary  of  the 
General  Hospital  and  was  stationed  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

1 78 1,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Assistant  Quarter- 
master. 

The  winter  of  1779  and  '80  set  in  with  unusual  severity. 
Supplies  for  the  troops  could  not  be  supplied  in  sufficient 
quantities,  all  the  channels  of  transportation  were  closed. 
But  the  most  serious  cause  of  distress  was  the  derangement 


1 


SKETCH   OF   THE   LIFE   OF   OENERAL   O  HARA. 


207 


lUC- 


of  the  currency,  which  left  Congress  almost  without  power  to 
assist  the  commissary  department.  The  distress  consequent 
thereto  caused  the  revolt  of  the  Pennsylvania  line  in  1781. 
After  that  trouble  was  ended,  General  Greene  was  put  in 
command  in  the  Southern  army  and  Wayne  was  ordered  to 
join  it. 

Captain  O'Hara,  Assistant  Quartermaster,  used  every  means 
to  provide  for  the  campaign.  Warehouses  were  rented  in 
Carlisle  and  Philadelphia  for  the  storing  of  provisions  and 
means  of  transportation  procured.  Of  the  history  of  his 
efforts  for  this  purpose  there  remains  now  in  the  possession 
of  his  descendants  but  one  small  memorandum  book ;  in  that 
can  be  traced  his  journey  with  the  army,  and  a  record  ol  pro- 
visions procured  by  himself  and  his  assistant,  Mr.  Elliot. 
Names  of  places  are  given  which  correspond  with  the  most 
noted  places  of  the  Southern  campaign.  Charleston  and  al- 
most all  of  South  Carolina  had  been  conquered  by  Lord  Corn- 
wallis.  The  British  army  was  preparing  for  an  invasion  of 
North  Carolina.  An  engagement  between  Tarleton  and 
Morgan  took  place  at  the  Cowpens,  January  17,  1781.  The- 
British  were  defeated.  Tarleton  marched  through  North 
Carolina  to  the  banks  of  the  l3an,  where  there  was  another 
engagement.  P'rom  there  the  British  army  pursued  Morgan 
and  crossed  the  Yadkin.  General  Greene  made  his  escape 
from  North  Carolina.  Cornwallis  returned  to  Hillsborough; 
General  Greene  receiving  intelligence  of  this  again  crossed 
the  Dan  and  returned  to  North  Carolina.  From  want  of  pro- 
visions the  British  retired.  Greene  advanced,  crossed  the 
Haw,  and  posted  himself  between  Troublesome  creek  and 
Reedy  P"ork. 

On  the  1 5th  of  March  began  the  battle  of  Guilford  Court 
House.  It  was  one  of  the  severest  of  the  war.  Although 
the  Americans  were  repulsed  and  the  British  remained  mas- 
ters of  the  field,  they  were  too  much  shattered  to  follow  up 


.jas^:^-:^''*^^. 


208 


SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE   OF   GENERAL   O  HARA. 


l^i;': 


:! 


the  victory.  General  Greene  retreated  to  Reedy  Fork  creek. 
After  this  General  Greene  re-entered  South  Carolina  and 
attacked  Lord  Rawdon  at  Camden ;  he  was  defeated,  and 
retreating  crossed  the  Wateree  and  took  a  strong  position  for 
offensive  and  defensive  operations.  At  Eutaw  Springs  was  the 
next  battle.  Both  sides  claimed  the  victory.  It  was  the  last 
battle  of  any  note  which  took  place  in  South  Carolina. 

These  and  other  j^laces  are  mentioned  in  this  memorandum 
book,  showing  that  active  personal  attention  was  given  to  his 
duties  in  his  department.  He  continued  with  the  army  until 
July,  1783,  when  having  seen  the  last  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops 
embarked  on  board  the  transport,  he  travelled  himself  to 
Philadelphia  with  General  Wayne.  After  settling  the  affairs 
of  his  office  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh,  accompanied  by  his 
newly-wedded  wife  in  a  wagon,  the  only  means  of  transport. 
She  was  Mary,  the  daughter  of  a  Scottish  gentleman,  William 
Carson  ;  although  the  house  that  received  her  was  only  built 
of  logs,  she  took  with  her  all  the  luxuries  that  could  be  transi 
ported.  The  carpets  astonished  the  western  country  people. 
They  expressed  their  astonishment  that  Mrs.  O'Hara  should 
spread  coverlets  on  the  floor,  and  hesitated  to  walk  on  them. 
The  house  stood  near  the  Allegheny  River,  above  Fort  Pitt, 
in  what  was  called  the  officers'  orchard. 

By  the  Act  of  Congress,  passed  April  13,  1782,  "All  officers 
in  the  late  General  Hospitals,  who  were  inhabitants  of  or 
belonged  to  this  State  at  the  time  of  entering  into  service, 
and  who  became  supernumerary  by  the  arrangement  of  Octo- 
ber, 1780,  or  resigned  before  loth  April,  1780,  and  were  not 
otherwise  provided  for  by  law,  are  entitled  to  the  depreciation 
of  their  pay.  I  am,  therefore,  of  opinion,  that  Mr.  O'Hara  is 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Act,  and  that  the  account  is 
properly  passed." 

Wm.  Bradford,  Jun. 

Philadelphia,  Sept.  10,  1786. 


il 


^:^^I 


SKETCH   OF   THE   LIFE   OF   GENERAL   O  HARA. 


209 


When  peace  was  concluded  with  Great  Britain,  a  portion  of 
their  Indian  auxiliaries  refused  to  bury  the  hatchet,  but  con- 
tinued their  depredations  upon  the  settlements  bordering  on 
the  Ohio.  From  1783  to  1790,  it  was  estimated  that  fifteen 
hundred  men,  women  and  children  had  been  slain  or  taken 
captive  by  the  Indians. 

Captain  O'Hara  took  the  contract  for  furnishing  provisions 
for  the  Western  army,  then  under  the  command  of  General 
Harmar. 


Philadelphia,  August  28,  1784. 
Captain  James  O'Hara. 

Sir: — Your  having  assisted  the  Continental  Commissioners 
in  procuring  the  Indian  goods  so  much  to  their  satisfaction, 
has  induced  the  Indian  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  this  ' 
State  to  request  your  assistance  in  obtaining  clnd  safe-packing 
the  goods  to  be  provided  by  them.  Enclosed  you  have  a  list 
of  such  as  are  wanted,  and  must  beg  you  will  lose  no  time  in 
furnishing  the  several  articles  therein  specified,  in  order  that 
they  may  be  sent,  if  possible,  with  the  goods  of  the  continent. 
The  list  should  have  been  furnished  sooner  had  we  been  sooner 
authorized.  The  Treaty  at  Fort  Stanwix  will  be  held  the 
20th  of  September  next,  so  that  it  will  require  your  utmost 
exertions,  as  many  of  the  articles  must  be  made  here.  A 
second  treaty  will  be  held  at  Cuyahoga,  on  the  bank  of  Lake 
Erie  on  the  20th  of  November  next,  so  that  the  articles  in  the 
list  No.  I  will  be  equally  divided,  theone-half  only  immedi- 
ately for  the  first  treaty,  by  which  means  you  will  have  sufficient 
time  to  make  up  such  articles  as  shall  be  required  for  the 
second.  As  the  State  means  to  convince  the  natives  that 
she  can  and  will  furnish  the  best  assortrnent  of  goods,  we 
must  beg  you  will  be  careful  to  answer  her  good  intentions  in 
these  particulars.    Sundry  little  articles,  agreeable  to  list  No.  2, 


i4 


i 


=*a— »« 


-a^ 


.>■,■»«">* 


1  f 

4|S  ti;    I'l  1 

210 


SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE   OF   (iENERAL   O  HARA. 


will  be  wanted  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Commissioners, 
who  beg  you  will  give  yourself  the  additional  trouble  of  furn- 
ishing the  same,  and  having  them  carefully  put  up,  marked, 
and  sent  on  with  the  goods.  When  they  are  ready  to  be 
shipped  you  will  be  pleased  to  call  upon  Captain  Joseph  Stiles, 
the  keeper  of  the  magazine,  who  will  deliver  you  ten  quarter 
casks  of  powder  for  the  first  treaty,  ten  other  quarter  casks 
will  be  ready  for  the  second,  and  likewise  delivered  you. 
We  are,  sir,  your  humble  servants, 

Samuel  Atlee, 
Francls  Johnston. 

P.  S. — Captain  Stiles  will  also  furnish  you  with  three  horse- 
man's and  one  soldier's  tent. 

Another  letter  of  the  same  purport  was  written  to  Captain 
James  O'Hara,  by  Francis  Johnston,  Commissioner,  and  Colo- 
nel Josiah  Harmar. 

Fort  McIntosh,*  February  1$,  1785. 
Sir:— On  the  21st  of  December  I  proceeded  from  Fort  Pitt 
with  five  men  for  this  post  in  a  large  boat,  heavy  laden  with 
flour,  rum,  soap,  candles,  plank,  etc.,  for  the  use  of  the  troops 
under  your  command,  and  that  night  was  driven  on  a  fish 
dam  by  the  ice,  where  we  stuck  fast  until  the  night  of  the 
22d,  when,  after  our  broadside  was  beat  in,  and  no  prospect 
of  relief,  two  of  the  men  nearly  frozen  to  death,  we  were 
obliged  to  cast  over-board  twelve  thousand  weight  of  flour, 
five  hundred  weight  of  bread  and  biscuit,  with  a  considerable 
quantity  of  other  vegetables  were  lost,  yet  we  did  not  get  to 
shore  till  the  23d,  and  then  in  that  distressed  condition  which 
the  melancholy  situation  of  Corporal  Shaw  (now  present) 
evince ;. 


*  Beaver. 


r{ 


>- 


.■JT,... 


>**, 


"3-^---*-** 


SKETCH   OF   THE   LIFE  OF   (iENERAL   O  HARA. 


211 


As  these  losses  of  provision  may  probably  be  considered 
under  the  fifth  article  of  my  contract  with  the  Secretary  in 
the  War  Oflfice,  and  you  being  acquainted  with  the  circum- 
stances, I  shall  esteem  it  a  particular  favor  if  you  will  please 
to  furnish  me  with  the  necessary  certificate  thereof,  and  oblige. 
Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara. 

I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  above  statement  of  facts  rela- 
tive to  the  loss  of  the  contractor's  boat  and  cargo  is  just  and 
true,  agreeable  to  the  best  information  that  can  be  collected. 
Given  under  my  hand  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  Feb.  i6,  1785. 

JosiAH  Harmar, 

Lt.-Col.  Com.  \st  Am.  Reg. 


The  contract  made  by  Captain  O'Hara  included  provision- 
ing and  clothing  the  armies  then  in  the  field,  and  supplying 
the  forts,  Oswego,  Niagara,  Presqu'isle,  Fort  le  Boeuf,  Green- 
ville, Washington,  Fort  Wayne,  Fort  Mcintosh,  Defiance, 
Detroit,  Michillimacknac,  Franklin,  Miamis,  Massac,  Chicka- 
saw Bluffs,  Knox,  Rapids  of  Ohio,  Hamilton,  Kaskaskias, 
Natchez,  etc.  To  understand  the  difficulty  of  this  under- 
taking, it  must  be  rem.cmbered  that  this  war  was  against  the 
Indians,  the  most  ruthless  of  enemies,  assisted  by  the  lately- 
conquered  British  army  and  American  Tories,  and  that  during 
this  time  occurred  the  disastrous  defeats  of  Generals  Harmar 
and  St.  Clair.  General  O'Hara  was  not  only  contractor  for 
furnishing  all  necessaries  for  these  armies,  but  he  was  also 
appointed  to  act  as  Quartermaster  and  Treasurer  for  payments 
to  the  soldiers  pro  tcm.  His  accounts  were  kept  with  the 
utmost  exactness,  as  will  be  proven  by  the  following  certificate : 


,_^JL. 


X 


ff'    J 


212 


SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE   OF   (lENERAL   O  HARA. 


I: 


t    I 


ii  y^  I 


Treasury  Department, 
Register's  Office,  March  6,  1792. 
These  are  to  certify  that  James  O'Hara,  Esq.,  late  Con- 
tractor for  supplying  the  army  with  Provisions,  and  who  occa- 
sionally acted  as  Quartermaster  of  the  troops  and  agent  for 
the  supply  of  Indian  goods,  is  not  charged  with  any  moneys  on 
the  treasury  books.    That  he  has  from  time  to  time  settled 
his  accounts  in  a  regular  manner  at  the  Treasury,  and  has 
given  general  satisfaction  to  the  Treasury  officers  with  whom 
he  settled  said  account. 
(Signed)  Joseph  Nourse, 

Register. 


War  Department,  May  21,  1792. 
Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  you,  enclosed,  your 
commission  as  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army  of   the 
United  States. 

The  Secretary  of  War  requests  that  you  will  please  to  pur- 
chase a  bat-horse*  for  Brigadier-General  Putnam,  who  is 
about  setting  out  for  Fort  Washingtonf  on  special  business. 
The  horse  will  be  left  at  Pittsburgh,  under  car"  of  Major  Craig, 
subject  to  your  order ;  a  saddle  and  bridle  will  also  be  wanted. 
I  am  with  great  respect,  your  humble  servant, 

Jo.  Stagg,  Jr., 
C/iief  Clerk  of  the  War  Departvient. 
To  James  O'Hara,  Esq.,  Quartermaster-General. 

The  defeat  of  General  Harmar,  in  1790,  carried  dismay 
throughout  all  our  western  settlements,  and  inspired  the 
Indians  with  courage.    A  new  army  was  raised  and  placed 


*  Pack-horse. 
t  Cincinnati. 


.^r 


:->7'rr-'j;^'- 


"S''^*^- 


..-r-- 


SKETCH   OF   THE   LIFE   OF   (lENERAL   O  HARA. 


213 


on- 
:ca- 
or 
on 
ed 
as 
om 


under  the  command  of  Major-General  St.  Clair.  On  the  4th 
of  November,  1791,  he  suffered  a  total  defeat  near  the  Miami 
villages  by  the  Indians  and  their  confederates,  the  English. 
The  whole  country  was  thrown  into  consternation.  Petitions 
were  sent  from  posts  on  the  frontier  to  the  officers  of  the 
government  for  protection.  One  was  sent  from  Pittsburgh, 
December,  1791,  representing  the  defenceless  situation  of  the 
town,  should  it  be  attacked  by  the  Indians.  This  petition 
was  signed  and  addressed  to  Governor  Mifflin  by  James 
O'Hara,  John  Irwin,  John  Wilkins,  Jr.,  A.  Tannehill,  John 
McMasters,  William  Turnbull. 

December  26,  179 1,  orders  were  sent  through  Governor 
Mifflin  by  H.  Knox,  Secretary  of  War,  to  Major  Craig,  to 
construct  immediately  a  block-house  at  Fort  Pitt,  and  to  sur- 
round it  with  palisades,  so  as  to  contain  about  100  men.  Two 
companies,  with  the  necessary  officers,  were  ordered  to  the 
fort,  and  the  lieutenants  of  Westmoreland,  Allegheny  and 
Washington  were  authorized  to  employ  scouts  or  patrols  at 
the  expense  of  the  general  government.  The  scouts  were  to 
be  the  best  of  hunters  and  woodsmen.  In  1792  General 
Wayne  received  the  appointment  of  Commander-in-Chief, 
and  the  western  army  was  reorganized.  It  was  called  the 
Legion  of  the  United  States.  Anxious  to  conciliate  the 
Indians,  he  called  a  council  twenty-two  miles  below  Pittsburgh, 
which  he  called  Legionville.  The  Indians  insisted  that  they 
should  be  the  undisturbed  possessors  of  all  the  land  north  and 
west  of  the  Ohio  River.  In  1793,  when  the  United  States 
Commissioners  proposed  another  council,  General  Wayne 
playfully  expressed  a  wish  to  be  present  with  2,500  of  his 
commissioners  in  company,  with  not  a  single  Quaker  among 
them. 

On  the  loth  of  October,  1794,  General  Wayne  wrote  from 
the  Miami  villages,  that  owing  to  the  unfortunate  death  of 


'  ^A . 


2M 


SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE   OF   GENERAL  O'HARA. 


Mr.  Robert  Elliot,  the  acting  contractor,  who  was  killed  by 
the  savages,  the  affairs  of  that  department  were  deranged  and 
famine  threatened,  and  General  O'Hara  must  at  once  proceed 
to  Fort  Washington,  visiting  all  the  forts  on  the  way,  taking 
an  invoice  of  the  stores  belonging  to  the  contractors  at  each 
place,  and  of  the  means  of  transport,  forwarding  to  the  Miami 
village  as  great  a  supply  of  flour,  salt  and  cattle  as  every 
means  of  transport  in  his  own  department  as  well  as  that  of 
the  contractors  will  permit.  For  which  purpose  the  General- 
in-chief  ordered  a  detachment  of  dragoons  and  riflemen,  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Gibson,  as  far  as  Greenville  to  escort 
the  convoy.  General  O'Hara  also  received  orders  that  'f 
there  should  be  any  deficiency  in  the  contractors'  stores,  h<: 
should  supply  the  deficiency. 

July  26,  1794,  headquarters*  Greenville,  General  O'Hara 
wrote  to  Major  Craig  that  a  Potawatomie,  who  was  in  the 
action  of  the  30th  of  June,  at  Grand  Glaize,  was  captured  and 
being  examined  says,  that  by  every  account  of  the  Delawares 
from  Roche  de  Bout,  the  British  have  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
pieces  of  cannon  at  that  place;  that  the  British  called  upon 
all  the  Indian  Nations  to  bring  on  all  their  warriors,  and  that 
they  would  bring  more  British  soldiers  than  they  could  bring 
warriors.  This  was  one  moon  before  the  action  at  Fort  Re- 
covery. The  Indians  having  prepared  for  war,  told  the  British 
to  raise  their  strong  arm  and  come  on ;  their  answer  was  to 
proceed  and  go  on  before  and  they  would  wait  with  their 
strong  arms  to  .strike  the  Americans ;  that  the  Great  Man  of 
Canada  ordered  them  to  go  and  take  the  fort,  overset  General 
Wayne's  army,  and  roll  them  into  the  Ohio.  He  could  not 
tell  the  number  of  Indians  killed  before  Fort  Recovery;  the 
Indians  carried  off  all  their  dead,  except  a  few  that  lay  too 


*  Southwest  branch  of  the  Miami. 


SKETCH   OP   THE   LIFE   OF   (iENERAL   O  HARA. 


215 


by 
and 
:eed 


near  the  fort  Some  of  the  wounded  were  carried  off  on  horse- 
back, and  some  by  water.  General  O'Hara  adds,  "that  the 
present  prospects  of  supporting  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment with  general  approbation  are  very  flattering.  The 
Legion  and  auxiliaries  are  in  good  spirits  and  well  supplied, 
and  you  may  be  perfectly  assured  that  we  shall  be  in  posses- 
sion of  Grand  Glaize  and  Roche  de  Bout  before  the  15th  of 
next  month." 

"July  27th. — The  General  beats  to-morrow  instead  of  the 
Reveille.  The  whole  army  is  ready  to  move  in  the  most  com- 
plete order  at  sunrise,  and  you  may  expect  to  be  informed  of 
an  end  being  put  to  the  business  of  war  in  this  quarter  and 
of  Simcoes'*  retrograde  or  defeat  by  my  next  letter. 

"James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G." 


After  the  successful  termination  of  General  Wayne's  cam- 
paign General  O'Hara  wished  to  resign  his  office  as  Quarter- 
master-General, but  the  resignation  was  not  accepted  until 
May,  1796,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  Wilkins.  He  continued  in  the  service  of  the  govern- 
ment as  contractor  for  supplying  the  Western  army  until 
1802.  It  was  during  the  time  of  Wayne's  campaign  that  there 
occurred  the  revolt  against  government  officials,  called  the 
"  Whiskey  Insurrection."  The  rioters  had  burned  the  country 
house  of  General  Neville,  and  had  assembled  before  General 
Abraham  Kirkpatrick's  house  for  the  same  purpose.  H.  H. 
Brackenridge  addressed  the  mob  and  appealed  to  them  in  a 
manner  which  they  could  not  resist.  He  showed  them  that 
it  would  be  impossible  to  burn  the  house  of  Kirkpatrick  with- 
out, at  the  same  time  burning  that  of  General  O'Hara,  which 
was  close  by,  both  built  of  wood ;   that  they  knew  General 


*  Governor  of  Canada. 


2l6 


SKKTCII   OV   THE    I.IhK   OK    (iKNKKAL   O  llAKA. 


•V    IK 


El 


M'« 


,!'.i 


\  f 


Jill 


O'Hara  was  from  home  with  General  Wayne,  fighting  the 
Indians ;  to  destroy  his  property  under  such  circumstances 
would  be  an  act  for  which  they  would  never  forgive  them- 
selves. If  the  house  must  be  destroyed,  let  it  be  pulled  down, 
not  burned.     The  crowd  dispersed. 

In  the  spring  of  1796  General  O'Hara  built  a  saw-mill  in 
Allegheny  and  made  arrangements  with  Major  Isaac  Craig 
for  the  erection  of  gla.ssworks.  Mr.  Kichbaum  was  engaged 
to  erect  the  works.  It  was  a  very  difficult  and  expensive 
undertaking.  They  made  their  own  pots.  Some  of  the  clay 
was  brought  from  Germany ;  all  had  to  be  brought  from  Phila- 
delphia in  wagons.  Thirty  thousand  dollars  were  expended 
before  the  first  bottle  was  made.  After  that  the  furnaces 
were  reconstructed  and  the  manufactory  became  very  profit- 
able. After  the  partnership  with  Major  Craig  was  dissolved  he 
carried  (m  the  business  alone.  In  1805  he  built  the  ship  "  Gen- 
eral Butler."  On  March  4th  it  lay  in  the  stream  at  Pittsburgh, 
ready  to  weigh  anchor  the  moment  the  water  answered.  She 
was  to  go  down  the  river  with  a  cargo  of  glass  for  intermedi- 
ate ports,  take  a  cargo  of  cotton  at  Natchez  for  Liverpool, 
and  to  return  to  Philadelphia  or  New  Orleans  with  goods  for 
either  of  these  markets.  She  was  commanded  by  Captain 
Samuel  Lake.  The  General's  eldest  son,  William  Carson 
O'Hara,  was  supercargo.  General  John  Wilkins  was  owner 
of  one-fourth  of  the  ship  and  cargo. 

Strict  orders  were  given  by  General  O'Hara  and  General 
Wilkins  to  Captain  Lake  that  he  would  not  suffer  on  board 
any  stores,  wares  or  articles  of  any  kind  that  could  possibly 
be  conceived  to  be  contraband  of  war,  nor  attempt  to  touch 
at  any  prohibition  port.  The  ship  was  insured  in  Philadelphia 
for  $10,000  by  Joseph  Carson ;  it  was  valued  at  $14,000. 
The  cargo  was  to  be  insured  in  Liverpool.  On  account  of  the 
war  Captain  Lake  was  authorized  to  sell  it  in  Liverpool.  "  We 


SKKTCII    OF    TIIK    I. IKK   Ol'   (il'.M.KAI.   (»  IIAKA. 


217 


<I()  not  wish  to  sell  at  any  considerable  loss,  but  being  en^ajied 
in  building  anoti..  r  and  desirous  to  encourage  shipbuilding  at 
place,  we  are  willing  to  sell  this  without  profit."  It  was  not  sold. 
May  3,  1807,  the  "(lencral  Hutler"  again  sailed  from  New 
( )rleans  for  (ireenock  with  a  cargo  of  cotton.  October  3,  1H07, 
the  ship  was  captured  by  a  Spanish  schooner  within  sixty 
miles  of  Havanna  and  taken  into  Vera  Cruz. 

Several  other  vessels  were  built  by  O'llara  and  Wilkinsfor 
the  river  trade.  One  other,  the  "  Hetscy,"  traded  between 
Haltimore  and  the  West  Indies.  It  was  consigned  to  John 
Holmes,  a  merchant  in  Haltimore.  He  never  rendered  any 
account  or  answered  letters  addressed  to  him  by  General 
O'Hara.  It  was  not  known  what  became  of  the  vessels  dur- 
ing the  owner's  life. 

1789,  General  O'Hara  was  elected  Presidential  elector  and 
cast  his  vote  for  General  Washington.  He  assisted  General 
Wilkins  and  others  in  building  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
Pittsburgh,  and  gave  the  handsome  chandelier  which  orna- 
mented and  illuminated  the  building,  until  it  was  torn  down 
and  replaced  by  the  present  edifice.  1802-4,  ^^  was  a  can- 
didate for  election  to  Congress  and  was  defeated  by  Lucas, 
a  Democrat.  During  the  time  of  his  contract  for  supplying 
the  northwest  army  with  provisions  he  ascertained  that  salt 
from  the  Onondaga  works  in  New  York  could  be  furnished 
in  Pittsburgh  cheaper  than  from  Baltimore.  He  packed  his 
flour  and  provisions  in  barrels  suitable  for  salt.  These  bar- 
rels were  reserved  in  his  contract.  Vessels  were  built  on 
the  lakes  and  river  for  its  transportation  and  the  salt  sold 
for  1^4  a  bushel. 

1804,  General  O'Hara  was  appointed  a  director  of  the 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania,  established  that  year  in 
Pittsburgh.  181 1,  he  entered  into  partnership  with  John 
Henry  Hopkins— afterwards  Bishop  of  Vermont — in  an  iron 

IS 


: 


218 


SKETCH    OV   TVV    LIFE   OK   GENERAL   O  HARA. 


'  t«r 


works  at  Ligonier.  It  was  a  failure.  Among  other  noble 
qualities,  Mr.  Hopkins  possessed  the  rare  one  of  acknowl- 
edging and  being  grateful  for  a  pecuniary  obligation. 

General  O'Hara  at  various  times  made  extensive  purchases 
of  property  in  Allegheny  County  and  elsewhere.  The  first 
tract  of  land  he  purchased  v/as  in  1773,  nineteenth  day  of 
November,  being  a  plantation  and  tract  of  land  containing 
four  hundred  acres,  situated  on  Coalpit  Run.  His  mercan- 
tile knowledge  was  acquired  in  1770  and  1771  in  a  counting- 
house  in  Liverpool.  The  exactness  of  his  accounts  with 
government  is  proved  by  the  following  certificate  : 


ifl 


BoARO  OF  Treasury,  July  19,  1786. 

I  certify  that  there  is  due  to  Mr.  James  O'Hara,  from  the 
Commissioners  of  the  Board  of  Treasury,  for  sundry  war- 
rants by  him  endorsed  and  delivered  this  day  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States,  the  sum  of  Three  Thousand  Dollars : 
for  the  amount  of  which  I  am  accountable  agreeably  to  a 
receipt  given  to  me  by  Mr.  James  O'Hara  of  this  date. 

William   Duer, 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Treasury. 


lii^ 


1!  J 


Other  certificates  of  the  same  kind  have  been  preserved  by 
his  family.  His  compeers  were  men  whose  talents  have 
never  been  excelled  in  this  community,  viz. :  James  Ross, 
Hugh  Henry  Brackenridge,  W.  Forward,  Judge  Baldwin,  etc. 

Letters  from  many  officers  of  the  army  prove  their  esteem 
and  confidence  .a  him.  To  some  he  was  allied  by  marriage, 
General  Febiger  was  his  brother-in-law.  His  son  James 
married  the  daughter  of  Pressley  Neville,  who  was  also  the 
granddaughter  of  General  Daniel  Morgan,  of  whom  it  was 
said,  "  Served  everywhere,  surrendered  nowhere,  served  to 
the  end   of  the   war."      His    daughter,    Elizabeth    Febiger 


SKETCH   OF   THE   LIFE   OF   (iENEKAU   O  HARA. 


219 


O'Hara,  married  the  son  of  Major  Denny,  and  soon  after  his 
death  his  daughter  Mary  married  the  son  of  Major  Croghan. 
General  George  Rogers  Clark  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Major 
Croghan.  During  his  residence  in  Pittsburgh  he  was  noted 
for  his  hospitality.  To  his  house  all  were  welcome,  from  the 
countryman  who  came  in  for  rest  or  refreshment,  to  his  guests 
of  honor,  Louis  Philippe,  General  Moreau,  and  his  friends, 
the  French  officers.  At  that  time  the  higher  classes  in  Ire- 
land sent  their  sons  to  France  for  their  education.  It  is 
probable  that  it  was  thus  he  acquired  his  perfect  knowledge 
of  French. 

James  O'Hara  died  December  21,  1819,  in  the  67th  year  of 
his  age.  Mary  O'Hara  died  April  8,  1834,  aged  73.  William 
Carson,  James  and  Charles  died  s.  p.  d.,  before  their  father. 
The  only  descendants  of  his  name  are  James  O'Hara  and  his 
son  Richard  W.  O'Hara,  descendants  of  Richard  Butler 
O'Hara. 


NOTES  BY  GENERAL  O'HARA. 

Miles 

From  the  mouth  of  Tennessee  to  Fort  Masac   12 

From  Fort  Masac  to  the  mouth  of  Ohio 36 

F"rom  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Fort  Jefferson 6 

From  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Iron  Bank 14 

From  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Chalk  Bank 17 

From  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Chickasaw  River 25 

From  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  New  Mexico 50 

From  Fort  Jefferson  to  Masac,  by  land 18 

From  Fort  Jefferson  to  the  mouth  of  Tennessee 24 

Raystown,  Bedford. 

Fort  Burd,  Redstone  Old  Fort. 

Fort  Franklin,  Venango  County,  near  mouth  of  French  Creek. 


220 


SKETCH   OK   THE   LIFE   OF   GENERAL   O  KARA. 


i   h 


mr^- 


Fort  Harmar,  right  bank  of  Muskingum,  opposite  Marietta, 

built  1785  by  Major  Doughty. 
Le  Boeuf,  on  the  south  or  west  fork  of  French  Creek. 
Fort  Ligonier,  east  side  of  Loyalhanna  Creek,  We.stmoreland 

County,  erected  1757  or  1758. 
Fort  Mcintosh,  built  by  General   Lachlan   Mcintosh   1778. 

Beaver. 
DuQuesne.     Pittsburgh.     Fort  Pitt. 
Presqu'  Isle,  erected    1756,  on   Lake  Erie,  about   30  miles 

above  Buffalo  Fort. 
Fort  Reed,  erected  1773,  near  Hannas  Town. 
Fort  Washington,  Cincinnati. 


■'', 


ARA. 

site  Marietta, 

Zreek. 
Vestmoreland 

:Intosh    1778. 
out   30  miles 


k.....  ...   *•- r 


»;,«►,. -*..,:?r-^ 


;S ,:(    I  I 


'I  '    I 


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i    z 

o    z> 


< 
q: 


<y> 


in 


:,; 


Me 


q: 
O 


/  riKRS  FROM  OHFIChRS  0\-  THl-  CONTI^ 
NHNTAl.   ARM)     FI^OM   177..   I(i   i;<)9. 

Kokr  P'i  J,  6  Jtjjy  j;"'i. 

At  a  mctting  iiclii  rhitliH)  ;i»  ihi>  jiJa-.o,  pirsent :  Kiashuta, 
.\  Mingor  chief,  jusl  r-;!Uin;c''  Irfmi  ^ile  r.»>»Hty  at  Niajiir.^ . 
('aptain  Pipe.  aDelawa'v  thtrf .  '  )h: -Stt^'ic,  h  Shuwo'.se  chwf, 
with  several  others.  Shawn*?*-  *»v-!  X»tl.awHies  ;  Jjkcwi.sc  Majt^r 
Trent,  Major  Ward,  ("a{>tiiin  >ii<e".-tif,  hi*  otTiftrs  and  a  numhet 
nf  the  Inhabitants,  alter  }«Wii|f  ^*?;ttf  d,  Kiashuta  mudu  th^ 
lollnwing  Speech  :  v 

''  Ihvthcis:  Throe  Mcivihs  ngc  J  icit  ♦h»*  Flace  to  -tttemi  a 
Trc.ity  at  Niagira,  to  be  he)iJ  het vif^:»m  th-  *  'ommuvding Ofliajt 
el"  that   Place  and  the  six  uai!«>n.  Shawnese,  1  )<;iav»i'ivt  *,  etf  ; 
Hut  I  was  stopped  neai  a  nioiiUi  At  Cunnywaj^Oe.    A/<  fht  (*o-sa- 
aumding  officer  had  sent  word  to  the  Indians  not  to  a*iK-m- 
ble  until  lie  should  hear  trom  Dc+roi^      while  I  "m-A"^  at  Cow 
nywagoe,    800     Indians    ol    i.bt     six    nations     ht  nring     my 
intentions  of  "going  to  the  I  rt^aty,  catne  to  nie<''  nie  and  go 
with  nie.     just  as  we  arrived  uf  a  small  Village  beyond  Con 
nywagoc,  they  received  a  message  from  the  Commanding '^fli 
?  er,  acquainting  them  that  the  Treaty  wa.s  over,  iuit  they,  lii!: 
withstanding,  persisted  in  going.     "  I  iecei»t'd  a  mt'ssage  at 
the  same  Time  inviting  me  to  come,  and  assnhng  nie  that  tju- 
Council  Fire  w.as  not  yet  entirely  ottinguished.   upon  my  an*- 
vjl  with  the  rest  of  the  Indians,  I  ii.lonneJ  tin.'  Commamiwg 
CJfficer  that  J  had  coiih'  a  great  Distance  to  he.tr  what  fi<^}i^ 
to  say,  and  desired  ih  tt  lie  vv.ii.ld  inh.rni  tne  ;  but  he  tok}  vtvs 


>]] 

p 

»      . 

r , 

,.|  *| 

ill 

fft' 


«►  ■•«..•**' 


i  ;.-! 


ti!  ' 


H,'' 


r>: 


L_ 


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t 


o  sir 


i 


i  1 


LETTERS  FROM  OFFICERS  OF  THE  CONTI- 
NENTAL ARMY,   FROM  1776  TO  1799. 


O 
in 

< 


3  :^ 


Fort  Pitt,  6  July  1776. 

At  a  meeting  held  this  Day  at  this  place,  present :  Kiashuta, 
a  Mingoe  chief,  just  returned  from  the  treaty  at  Niagira; 
Captain  Pipe,  a  Delaware  chief ;  The  Shade,  a  Shawnese  chief, 
with  several  others,  Shawnese  and  Delawares ;  likewise  Major 
Trent,  Major  Ward,  Captain  Nevill,  his  officers  and  a  number 
of  the  Inhabitants,  after  being  seated,  Kiashuta  made  the 
following  Speech : 

"  Brothers :  Three  Months  ago  I  left  this  Place  to  attend  a 
Treaty  at  Niagira,  to  be  held  between  the  Commanding  Officer 
of  that  Place  and  the  six  nation,  Shawnese,  Delawares,  etc.; 
But  I  was  stopped  near  a  month  at  Conny  wagoe.  As  the  Com- 
manding officer  had  sent  word  to  the  Indians  not  to  assem- 
ble until  He  should  hear  from  Detroit,  while  I  was  at  Con- 
ny wagoe,  800  Indians  of  the  six  nations  hearing  my 
Intentions  of  going  to  the  Treaty,  came  to  meet  me  and  go 
with  me.  just  as  we  arrived  at  a  small  Village  beyond  Con- 
nywagoe,  they  received  a  message  from  the  Commanding  Offi- 
cer, acquainting  them  that  the  Treaty  was  over,  but  they,  not- 
withstanding, persisted  in  going.  "  I  received  a  message  at 
the  same  Time  inviting  me  to  come,  and  assuring  me  that  the 
Council  Fire  was  not  yet  entirely  extinguished,  upon  my  arri- 
val with  the  rest  of  the  Indians,  I  informed  the  Commanding 
Officer  that  I  had  come  a  great  Distance  to  hear  what  He  had 
to  say,  and  desired  that  he  would  inform  me ;  but  he  told  me 

(221) 


Jt^ 


N-4Ml|MkM|p-«ilM«*i 


m 


222 


LETTERS. 


■■' 


rJi, 


I  i '  n 


i!  ' 


;t/| 


that  he  was  not  yet  prepared  to  speak  with  me,  which  ended 
our  Conference." 

Kiashuta  then  produced  (his  Belt,  and  is  ordered  by  the  Six 
nations  to  send  it  through  the  Indian  Country)  a  Belt  of  Wam- 
pum, which  was  to  be  sent  from  the  six  nations  to  the  Shaw- 
nese,  Delawares,  Wyandotts  and  Western  Indians,  acquaint- 
ing them  that  they  were  determined  to  take  no  Part  in  the 
present  War  between  Great  Britain  and  America,  and  desiring 
them  to  do  the  same.  He  then  addrL.ssed  himself  to  the 
Virginians  and  Pennsylvanians  in  the  following  manner  : 

"  Ihvthcn:  We  will  not  suffer  either  the  English  or 
Americans  to  march  an  army  thro'  our  Country.  Should  Either 
attempt  it.  We  shall  forewarn  them  three  times  from  Pro- 
ceeding, but  should  they  then  persist,  they  must  abide  by  the 
Consequence.  I  am  appointed  by  the  Six  Nations  to  the  Care 
of  this  Country,  that  is,  to  the  Care  of  the  Indians  on  the  West 
side  of  the  river  Ohio,  and  I  desire  you  will  not  think  of  an 
Expedition  against  Detroit,  for  I  repeat  it  to  you  again,  we 
will  not  suffer  an  army  to  march  through  our  Country."  A 
String. 

Kiashuta  again  rose  and  spoke  as  follows  : 

"  Brothers :  Should  any  Mischief  chance  to  be  committed 
by  any  of  our  People,  you  must  not  blame  the  Nations  nor 
think  it  was  done  by  the  approbation  of  the  Chiefs ;  for  the 
six  Nations  have  strictly  forbid  any  of  their  young  men  or 
Tributaries  to  molest  any  People  on  these  Waters,  but  if  they 
are  determined  to  go  to  War,  let  them  go  to  Canada  and  fight 
there."    A  String. 

Kiashuta  then  addressed  Himself  to  Captain  Pipe  (a  Dela- 
ware chief),  desiring  him  to  inform  his  nation  of  what  he  had 
heard,  and  to  request  them  to  be  strong  and  join  with  the 
other  nations  in  keeping  Peace  in  his  country.     A  String. 

He  also  recommended  it  to  the  Shade,  a  Shawnese  Chief, 
to  do  the  same. 


LETTEKS. 


223 


cled 


He  then  desired  that  the  foregoinj^^  speeches  might  be  dis- 
tributed through  the  Country,  to  quiet  the  minds  of  the  people, 
and  convince  them  that  the  six  nations  and  their  adherents 
did  not  desire  to  live  at  Variance  with  them  ;  To  which  Captain 
Nevill  returned  the  following  answer  : 

^^  Brother  Kiashnta:  I  am  much  oblig'd  to  you  for  your 
good  speech  on  the  present  occasion,  you  may  depend  We 
shall  not  attempt  to  march  an  army  through  your  Country 
without  first  acquainting  you  with  it,  unless  we  hear  of  a  British 
Army  coming  this  Course.  In  such  Case,  we  must  make  all 
possible  speed  to  meet,  and  endeavor  to  .stop  them." 

To  which  Kiashuta  replied  that  there  was  not  the  least 
Danger  of  that,  as  they  should  make  it  their  Business  to  pre- 
vent Either  an  h.nglish  or  American  army  from  passing 
through  their  Country. 

Captain  Carson. 

First  Lieutenant  Finolv. 

Second  Lieutenant  Alexander  Simeral. 

Indian  Conference  at  Fort  Pitt,  July  6,  1776. 

Fort  Pitt,  4th  June,  1777. 

Sir: — I  am  favored  with  your  letter  of  this  date  Informing 

me  that  you  can't  relieve  the  post  at  Kittanning  except  I  can 

Supply  you  with  Arms  and  Ammunition.     Arms  I  have  not 

until  the  Wagons  arrive,  consequently  the  50  men  who  Escort 

the  Wagons  may  march  from  here  as  early  as  any  other  Body 

of  men  I  could  arm.     Ammunition  I  suppose  to  be  already  at 

that  Post,  you  complain  of  the  expence  attending  calling  the 

Militia  out.     You  must  keep  an  account  of  what  necessarily 

arises  on  that  service  and  draw  for  it  agreeable  to  the  Act  of 

Assembly. 

I  am,  Sir,  with  Esteem, 

Your  obedient  Humble  Servant, 

Edward  Hand. 
[Col.  a.  Lochrv.] 


I. 


I 


i    I 


I 


224 


LEITERS. 


It   W;h 


,  \ 


■■■  "A'' 


va:'^ 


Fort  Pitt,  6th  July,  1777. 
Sir: — I  received  your  letter  by  Captn.  Martin,  and  am  glad 
that  by  your  late  instructions  you  have  it  in  your  Power  to 
punish  the  refractory  Members  you  mention.  Captn.  Martin's 
small  Party  &  two  others,  15  Privates  in  the  whole,  are  all  I 
have  yet  heard  of,  pray,  inform  me  if  any  more  have  joined 
him;  it  is  very  awkward  &  irregular  to  see  men  droping  in  by 
twos  and  threes  without  Officers' and  the  least  Order. 

Captn.  Martin  is  Stationed  at  the  Kiskimmenitas.  You 
will  see  by  the  Militia  Act  the  proportion  of  Officers  to  a  Cer- 
tain number  of  men,  which  can't  be  exceeded. 

I  am.  Sir, 
Your  Obedient,  Humble  Servant, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Col.  a.  Lochrv.] 

Fort  Pitt,  29th  July,  1777. 
Dr  Sir: — Your  favor  of  yesterday  I  received  &  have 
furnished  thirty  Guns  and  accoutrements  to  Captns.  McKee 
&  Leech  agreeable  to  your  desire.  I  expect  you  will  Please 
to  direct  them  to  be  careful  of  them,  that  I  may  receive  them 
fit  for  service.  Captn.  McKee  received  ten  yesterday  and 
one  some  time  ago.  Captain  Leech  rec'd  nineteen  to-day.  I 
intend  requesting  the  Principal  Militia  Officers  of  Westmore- 
land County  to  meet  me  at  Hannas  Town  as  .soon  as  the 
Hurry  of  Harvest  is  over;  I  wish  to  confer  with  them  on 
public  business.  I  will  give  you  further  notice  &  fix  a  day. 
If  you  will  take  the  Trouble  to  examine  the  Articles  of  War 
you  will  see  that  the  men  who  deserted  from  Captain  Martin's 
detachment  are  Guilty  of  Breach  of  the  4th  &  14th  Articles 
of  the  13th  Section  of  the  Articles  of  War,  and,  as  they  were 
then  in  Actual  Service,  you  will  find  by  the  ist  Article  of  the 
17th  Section  that  they  are  as  liable  to  be  punished  as  regular 


LETTERS. 


225 


Soldiers.     I  enclose  a  copy  of  the  Articles  of  War  lest  you 
may  not  have  one  by  you 

and  am,  Dr  Sir,  Sincerely  yours, 

Enw.  Hand. 
[Col.  a.  Lochrv.] 


Fort  Pitt,  6th  August,  1777. 
Sir: — I  last  evening  received  your  favor  of  the  2d  Instant, 
and  am  convinced  that  what  you  have  done  is  occasioned 
by  your  Zeal  for  the  Common  Cause ;  but  you  may  remember 
that  a  Magazine  was  ordered  to  your  Quarter  by  myself,  &, 
as  I  did  not  know  the  mo.st  proper  place,  I  consulted  the 
General  I  met  at  Ligonier  the  l8th  Ultimo.  By  their  Common 
Voice,  Col.  Mountis  was  fixed  on,  &  Col.  Morgan  has  only 
acted  by  my  express  Command.  I  have  the  Pleasure  to 
acquaint  you  that,  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  Suspicions 
of  that  Gentn's  Infidelity  are  quite  groundless ;  would  to 
God  those  formed  of  every  other  Person  were  so !  I  find 
Col.  Lochry  is  gone  to  Phila. ;  I  therefore  request  you  will 
please  immediately  to  forward  the  wagons  laden  with  Salt  to 
Col.  Mountis,  and  Redstone  agreeable  to  prior  order ;  those 
wagons  carrying  other  stores  I  beg  you  will  send  here.  It  will 
be  necessary  to  send  an  Kscort  with  the  Wagons,  which  must 
continue  at  Col.  Mountis'  as  a  Guard  for  the  Magazine,  &  be 
relieved  by  you,  agreeable  to  my  directions,  to  Colonel  Lochry, 
which  I  find  you  are  acquainted  with.  I  beg  to  know  in  what 
Forwardness  the  Militia  from  your  County,  destined  for  the 
Expedition,  are  in, 

and  am.  Sir,  Very  respectfully  Yrs., 

Edw.  Hand. 

[James  Parry,  Lieut,  of  Westmoreland.] 


226 


I.KITKRS. 


■'■    / 


Fort  Pitt,  August  8,  1777. 
General  Hand  wishes  to  meet  the  Militia  officers,  &  other 
principal  Inhabitants  of  the  Counties  of  Bedford  and  West- 
moreland, at  Ligonier,  on  Monday,  the  18th  instant,  to  con- 
sult on  the  best  Measures  to  be  taken  on  the  present  alarming 
Occasion. 

Hy  order  of  the  Genl., 

J.  EwiNG,  M.  n. 

[To  Coi.oNEi.  Arciuhai-I)  Loch r V.Westmoreland  County.] 


Fort  Pitt,  August  22,  1777. 
Sir: — As  the  Commissary  has  been  directed  to  F>ect  a  Mag- 
azine of  Provisions  at  Colonel  Mounces',  near  .Stewart's 
crossing,  and  one  at  Redstone  old  Fort,  he  will  send  from 
Ligonier,  by  the  way  of  the  Nine  Mile  Run,  a  Number  of 
Wagons,  Laden  with  Stores,  to  the  above-mentioned  places. 
I  therefore  Request  that  you  will  please  to  furnish  a  Party  of 
Militia  to  Escort  the  Wagons  &  serve  as  Guides,  &  to 
remove  any  obstructions  the  Wagons  may  meet  on  the  road, 
the  same  party,  or  another,  consisting  of  a  carefull  Subaltern 
officer,  a  sergeant  &  ten  Privates,  must  remain  at  Colonel 
Mounces'  as  a  Guard  to  the  Magazine ;  they  are  to  be  kept  up 
until  further  Orders,  and  may  be  delivered  as  often  as  you 
think  necessary. 

I  am,  Sir,  Your  obedient,  Humble  Servant, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Col.  a.  Lochrv.] 

Fort  Pitt,  13  October,  1777. 
Sir: — I  hope  in  a  few  days  to  move  the  Provisions  &  other 
stores  destined  for  the  Indian  Expedition  from  here  to  Wheel- 
ing, &  I  will,  at  the  same  time,  march  all  the  troops  here 
assembled  to  that  place.     I  beg  you  may  be  as  expeditious  as 


f 


-•?: 


LKTTERS. 


227 


possible  in  fiirnishinj;  your  proportion  and  ordering  them  to 
march  immediately  for  this  garrison.  Send  an  Officer  and 
fifteen  or  twenty  of  your  Militia  to  meet  and  Escort  David 
Tate's  Brigade  of  Horses  laden  with  flour,  they  will  also 
take  under  their  protection  any  other  Continental  I'ack- 
Horses  they  meet. 

I  am  Sir,  Your  Obed,  H'ble  Servant, 

Ki)w.  Hand. 


(I 


KoKT  I'lTT,  18  October,  1777. 
Di'iir  Sir: — The  protection  of  your  County  has,  since  I 
have  had  the  Honor  to  Command,  been  an  object  equally 
attended  to  with  that  of  any  other  Frontier  County.  I  have 
repeatedly  requested  from  you  a  number  of  men  for  that 
purpose,  but  (from  what  cause  I  can't  determine)  I  never 
yet  could  obtain  them  agreeable  to  my  wish.  If  you  will 
now  send  me  your  proportion,  I  think  that  will  be  sufficient, 
added  to  the  numbers  already  arrived  and  daily  expected  from 
different  Quarters,  to  protect  the  Frontiers.  Congress  ordered 
a  Post  in  your  County  (The  Kittanning) ;  I  could  not  support 
that  and  have  ordered  another  to  be  Erected  at  the  expence 
of  the  Continent.  This  I  think  Sufficient,  &  will  Support,  if 
you  lend  me  your  aid ;  at  the  same  time,  beg  leave  to 
assure  you  that  I  don't  mean  to  interfere  with  your  Command 
of  Westmoreland  County,  or  your  Plan  in  Erecting  as  many 
Forts  and  magazines  as  you  please  at  the  expence  of  the  State 
of  I'ennsylvania,  and  puting  the  whole  County  in  its  Pay. 
Presuming  you  have  proper  authority  for  so  doing,  and  every 
State  will,  no  doubt,  have  a  particular  regard  to  the  Situation 
of  Different  Counties,  the  People  you  mention  are  surely  De- 
fending their  own  Property,  and,  if  the  Spirit  of  Discord  would 
permit  them,  have  it  in  their  Power,  by  Uniting  to  march  in 
Bodies,  to  collect  the  Grain  of  every  man  in  the  Frontier  parts 


. ,  .  ..^n* . — 


i: 


n 


n  i 

i1  t 


J  ■ 


■m 


-  i'i' 


:iA 


it;. 


228 


LETTERS. 


of  the  County.  I  again  request  you  may  not  delay  the  pro- 
portion from  your  County  for  the  Expedition;  the  Season 
advances  apace.  I  shall  to-morr  -•.  proceed  to  Wheeling  with 
what  Troops  I  have,  yours  wil  ,eive  every  necessary  I  can 
Afford  them  when  they  arrive  here,  &  when  they  join  me 
shall  be  put  on  the  same  footing  with  the  Militia  of  any  other 
County.  In  the  meantime.  Subscribe  myself, 
Dr  Sir,  very  Sincerely  yrs, 

Ei)\v,  Hand. 
[Colonel  A.  Lochrv.] 


Fort  Pitt,  $  Nov.,  1777. 

Dfar  Sir: — I  was  duly  fav'd  with  yours  of  the  2d  by  Colonel 
liarr,  who,  instead  of  53,  has  no  more  than  31  Rank  and  file. 

To  my  very  great  mortification  I  find  I  can't  collect  a 
sufficient  number  of  men  to  enter  the  Indian  country  this 
season,  therefore,  as  the  Frontier  of  Westmoreland  County 
lies  much  exposed  to  the  Ravages  of  the  Savages,  I  beg  that 
you  may  immediately  draw  out  1 50  men,  with  officers  in  pro- 
portion, to  cover  that  part  of  the  Country  and  Assist  the 
Inhabitants  in  securing  their  Crops  and  other  property,  the 
whole  to  be  under  the  direction  of  a  Field  Officer,  who  must 
report  to  me  from  time  to  time  what  number  of  men  and 
oflficers  are  on  duty  &  where  they  are.  Col.  Barr's  party 
are  now  armed  &  will  remain  here  subject  to  your  Orders. 
I  wish  to  render  this  Body  of  men  as  useful  as  possible  to  the 
public,  shall  for  that  reason  leave  the  destination  of  them  to 
yourself.  Except  30  to  be  kept  with  Captain  Moorhead,  you 
are  to  continue  the  150  men  &  no  more  on  continental  pay 
untill  Further  orders  or  until  the  necessity  for  it  ceases.  You 
must  apply  to  Col.  Geo.  Morgan  or  his  agent  here  for  In- 


■isr 


It:: 


.i«tiu— 


i>-~r,. 


LETTERS. 


229 


structions  how  to  Victual  them,  a  sufficient  number  of  cattle 
are  already  purchased  for  that  purpose. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  Obedt,  Humle  Servant, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Colonel  A.  Lochry.] 

[Collection  of  W.  M.  D.] 


Sir: — I  wrote  to  the  honorable  the  Continental  Congress  on 
the  15th  Ultimo,  which  I  hope  they  have  received.  I  would 
at  that  time  have  wrote  to  you,  but  was  not  certain  of  your 
being  in  Congress  ;  but  as  Mr.  John  Anderson  informs  me  he 
left  you  in  Congress,  I  take  the  liberty  of  communicating  to 
you  some  matters  that  have  occurred  to  me  since  my  letter  to 
Congress  upon  hearing  the  speeches  of  the  Delawares,  and 
request  the  favour  of  you  to  lay  them  before  Congress,  and 
that  Part  with  respect  to  the  Delawares  I  have  communicated 
to  Col.  Morgan.  I  believe  we  shall  have  an  Indian  war 
and  a  general  one.  If  the  Delawares  were  ever  so  well 
inclined  they  will  be  awed  into  it  by  the  other  nations.  I 
would  be  for  supporting  them  if  possible  in  order  to  lessen 
the  strength  of  our  enemy.  They  should  be  invited  into  our 
Country.  Their  wives.  Children  and  Old  people  would  be 
then  secure,  and  we  then  should  reap  great  Advantage  from 
the  service  of  their  young  Men  and  Warriors.  And  if  any 
other  Tribe  or  Nation  would  follow  their  Example  they  should 
be  encouraged.  If  we  have  a  general  Indian  war,  it  is  my 
humble  Opinion  four  expeditions  will  be  necessary  :  One  to 
the  Southward,  one  to  the  Northward,  one  down  the  Ohio  to 
establish  a  Strength  on  the  Ohio,  so  as  to  cut  off  any  com- 
munication with  the  Western  and  Southern  Nations,  and  one 
other  expedition  to  De  Troit  or  to  some  part  of  the  Country 
to  the  Westward,  to  cut  off  the  communication  between  the 
Northern  and  Western  Nations.     Each  of  those  expeditions 


230 


LETTERS. 


IS 


should  be  carried  into  execution  under  the  command  of  an 
experienced  officer.  And  it  is  my  humble  opinion  not  less 
than  3,000  men  should  be  employed  in  each  of  those  expedi- 
tions, and  they  should  be  well  equipped  ;  that  those  who  went 
down  the  Ohio  and  those  to  Detroit  should  have  some  field 
pieces,  and  those  troops  should  not  return  but  establish  posts 
and  reduce  the  Indians  and  convince  them  of  an  error  that 
they  have  been  led  into  by  the  governments  formerly,  that 
they  may  at  any  time  make  war  with  us  and  have  peace 
granted  them  on  their  own  terms.  I  would  recommend  that 
large  numbers  of  hostages  should  be  taken  from  every  tribe 
or  nation  that  we  may  reduce,  and  take  none  but  their  chiefs 
or  ruling  men  as  hostages,  that  the  tribe  or  nation  should 
support  those  hostages,  and  that  they  should  not  be  ex- 
changed till  we  had  good  proof  of  their  tribe  or  nation  becom- 
ing agreeable  people.  That  all  the  lands  of  the  unoffending 
tribes  or  nations  should  be  preserved  to  them,  and  a  generous 
trade  well  regulated.  And  that  all  the  lands  of  the  offending 
Tribes  or  Nations  should  be  forfeited,  and  that  they  should  be 
restricted  to  hunt  or  live  on  such  parts  of  it  as  should  be 
directed  by  the  commanding  Officer  or  Governor  who  might  be 
appointed  to  rule  them.  We  undoubtedly  should  have  a 
greater  number  of  the  Indians  in  our  interest.  If  we  had  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  goods  for  that  purpose,  our  enemy  have 
great  advantage  of  us  for  they  out  treaty  us,  and  the  highest 
bidder  will  have  the  greatest  Number  of  the  Indians.  This  I 
know  from  my  acquaintance  with  them  for  upwards  of  twenty 
years. 

To  the  Delawares  we  made  promises  of  protection,  and 
they  now  put  our  friendship  to  the  test,  and  if  we  do  not 
fulfil  our  promises  they  will  undoubtedly  be  obliged  to  look 
for  protection  elsewhere,  and  we  must  suffer  in  their  opinion 
and  also  in  the  opinion  of  all  the  other  nations.     If  I  should 


m 


LETTERS. 


231 


receive  Intelligence,  or  if  anything  should  occur  to  me  that 
roay  serve  the  general  cause,  I  shall  write  to  you. 
I  am,  sir,  with  great  respect. 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Colonel  James  Wilson,  Esq., 

A  Member  of  the  Honorable  Continental  Congress.] 


Fort  Pitt,  March  22,  1778. 
Sir:  — '  1  instructed  by  the  hon'ble,  the  Commissioners 
appoincc  /  Congress,  to  fix  on  a  plan  for  the  defence  of 
these  frontiers,  to  desire  that  you  may  continue  150  Privates 
of  the  Militia  of  your  County,  properly  officered,  on  constant 
duty  on  its  frontiers.  Thirty  of  them  to  be  added  to  Captain 
Moorhead's  company,  stationed  at  Fort  Hand,  and  the  re- 
maining 120  placed  at  such  stations  as  you  find  best  calcu- 
lated for  the  defence  of  the  County.  Instead  of  Militia  call'd 
out  in  the  ordinary  way,  the  Commissioners  are  desirous  of 
engaging  a  like  number  of  volunteers  for  a  longer  time  than 
the  Militia  generally  serves.  I  perfectly  agree  with  them  in 
sentiment  and  wish  you  to  fall  on  that  Plan,  provided  no  delay 
arises  for  its  execution. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obed't  h'ble  serv't, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Colonel  Archihald  Lochrv.] 

Fort  Pitt,  June  14,  1778. 

Sir: — I  am  at  a  Loss  to  conceive  the  Meaning  of  the  Intelli- 
gence I  this  day  received  from  the  Delaware  Indians,  yet  as 
the  Term  old  Hunting  ground  may,  and  probably  does  imply 
the  Place  that  gentleman  has  been  at  war  the  last  season,  it 
it  is  not  unlikely;  but  it  may  be  your  County,  therefore  wish 
you  to  take  every  Precaution  to  prevent  a  surprise  by  keeping 


232 


LETTERS. 


\\  ;'i 


out  Scouts  and  having  a  force  ready  to  oppose  the  Invaders. 
I  will  not  be  remiss  in  doing  my  Part.  I  shall  give  you  In- 
formation of  anything  that  comes  to  my  Knowledge  and  con- 
cerns you,  and  expect  a  like  Information  from  you,  as  I  mean 
to  give  you  timely  assistance  if  necessary. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  y'rs  sincerely, 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Colonel  A.  Lochky.] 

Extract  from  intelligence  receiv'd  from  the  Delaware  In- 
dians 14th  June,  1778. 

The  Inclosed  Billet  I  received  yesterday  from  the  lake  will, 
perhaps,  be  of  some  use  for  you. 

The  Billet. 
There  is  a  small  army  of  French — 150  or  200  men — that  is 
for  the  frontier,  commanded  by  one  Mr.  Jenot.     I  imagine 
that  he  is  for  his  old  hunting  ground  or  for  Redstone. 

Ft)RT  Pitt,  July  9,  1778. 
Sir: — I  have  just  received  yours  of  the  7th  and  8th  Current, 
and  am  much  distressed  to  find  the  unhappy  situation  of  your 
county,  and  the  more  so  as  I  am  at  a  loss  how  to  relieve  you. 
Colonel  Campbell  has  ordered  a  body  of  the  militia  of  Yoho- 
gania  County  to  assemble  here.  I  intended  them  for  you,  but 
they  are  not  yet  come ;  if  I  can't  do  otherwise  will  endeavor 
to  send  you  a  few  Regulars  to  scour  your  Frontier,  which  will, 
I  hope,  enable  you  to  collect  your  Harvest,  as  you  may  reason- 
ably expect  their  Hay  can't  be  long,  and  I  hope  the  Militia 
will  exert  themselves  and  collect  in  bodies  to  save  the  grain 
under  the  Protection  of  this  Guard  ;  prepare  to  receive  them 
at  Hannas  Town ;  they  will  be  Victualed  from  here  to  that 
place ;  you  shall  have  farther  notice  of  their  approach. 

Yours,  etc., 
[Colonel  A.  Lochrv.]  Edw.  Hand. 


.li'T'*  iuimi" 


LETTERS. 


233 


Fort  Pitt,  July  10,  1778. 
5/;'.-— Captain  James  Sullivan,  with  a  Detachment  of  regular 
Troops  under  his  Command,  will  march  this  Evening,  or  to- 
morrow Morning,  to  your  assistance.    He  will  halt  at  Hanaas 
Town  until  he  sees  you ;  he  has  written  Instructions,  which 
I  beg  you  may  peruse  and  assist  him  in  executing.     I  hope 
his  Party  will  produce  the  desired  salutary  Effects. 
I  am,  sir,  very  cordially  yours, 
[Colonel  A.  LocHRY.]  Edw.  Hand. 

Fort  Pitt,  July  27,  1778. 
Sir:—\  have  good  reason  to  suspect  that  many  parties  of 
Indians  are  now  out;  you  will,  therefore,  plan  to  be  on  your 
guard. 

Plan  to  furnish  twenty-five  or  thirty  men  to  protect   the 
houses,  collecting  forage  in  your  county. 

I  am,  sir,  your  hble  svt., 

Edw.  Hand. 
[Colonel  A.  Lochrv.] 

Fort  McIntosh,  Beaver  Creek,  Oct.  30,  1778. 

,S"/>;_I  had  the  Honor  of  writing  to  you  on  the  27th  Sep- 
tember, and  hope  your  People  are  about  the  Block  Houses  I 
recommended  for  the  protection  of  your  County  during  my 
absence.  The  repeated  murders  committed  by  the  Indians 
upon  your  Inhabitants  must  show  the  necessity  of  them. 

The  Magistrates  of  your  County  have  asked  my  consent  for 
150  Volunteers  to  go  and  rout  or  remove  a  few  Indian  Towns 
upon  Allegheny  River,  who,  probably,  are  the  mosc  troublesome 
to  you,  which  I  very  much  approve  of.  It  will  be  greatly  to  your 
honor  and  advantage ;  they  shall  have  provisions  and  ammuni- 
tion, either  from  this  place  or  Fort  Pitt,  with  every  reasonable 
Encouragement  I  can  give  them,  as  nothing  can  be  better 
t6 


t    fl 


»  ; 


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■  .! 


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lit' 


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M 

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15 

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ki 

234 


LETTKRS. 


times,  if  they  are  expeditious  and  secrete.  I  propose  going  in 
two  or  three  days  to  Cochocking,  or  the  Delaware  Towns,  and 
leave  Colonel  Broadhead  to  wait  for  our  stores,  and  the  atten- 
tion of  most  of  their  Warriors  will  be  upon  our  motions,  which 
will  probably  make  them  an  easy  prey.  It  is  what  I  had  in 
View  myself,  if  I  was  not  otherwise  employed.  I  shall  be  glad 
to  hear  of  your  proceedings  and  success  in  it. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  my  plan  of  securing 
as  I  go  begins  to  have  its  proper  effect  upon  several  tribes  of 
the  Savages  already,  who  have  earnestly  applied  to  me  for 
peace,  but  have  given  them  no  Encouragement  yet,  and  per- 
haps will  not  if  I  am  properly  supported,  until  they  give  me 
substantial  proofs  of  their  Sincerity.  I  intend  building  a  Fort 
at  Cochocking  before  I  proceed  any  further,  to  secure  these 
Indians  in  our  Interest,  from  which  I  may  probably  make  ex- 
cursions to  some  of  the  Hostile  Towns ;  but,  unfortunately,  the 
time  of  the  Militia  I  have  with  me  will  expire  the  first  day  of 
January  next,  which  will  disappoint  all  my  Schemes,  unless  I 
have  a  fresh  Supply  of  men  before  that  time,  which  I  cannot 
expect  from  these  Counties,  who  have  already  Exerted  them- 
selves so  much ;  therefore,  as  I  have  Spared  yours  this  time, 
for  the  security  and  protection  of  your  own  Frontiers,  I  hope 
and  expect  you  will  use  your  utmost  Endeavours  to  procure 
only  two  hundred  men,  properly  Officered,  armed  and  accout- 
ered,  whom  I  request  you  will  send  off  the  first  of  December 
at  farthest,  that  they  may  be  up  with  me  in  time,  and  that  I 
may  not  be  obliged  to  relinquish  any  Ground  I  gain  ;  and  must 
also  intreat  the  time  of  service  of  your  Militia,  if  possible,  may 
be  six  Months  from  the  Day  they  arrive  at  my  headquarters, 
if  required  so  long,  as  short  engagements  will  be  of  no  use  in 
my  design,  and  for  their  encouragement  I  expect  they  will 
have  the  honor  of  finishing  the  campaign,  and  all  the  toil  and 
labor  will  be  over  before  they  come.    In  hopes  that  you  will  use 


LETTERS. 


filad 


235 


your  utmost  Exertion  on  the  occasion  to  serve  your  country 
and  yourselves, 

I  am  respectfully,  sir, 

Your  most  obt.  servt, 

Lach'n  McIntosit. 

[Col.ONKl,   LOCHKY.] 

I  request  you  will  forward  the  inclosed  letter  to  Colonel 
Piper  immediately  by  express. 


Headquartkrs,  Fort  Piti,  May  lo,  1780. 

Dear  Sir: — I  find  that  it  will  not  be  in  my  power  to  provide 
for  the  number  of  men  I  have  ordered  to  be  called  into  ser- 
vice so  soon  as  I  expected.  Besides,  I  have  heard  officially 
that  a  number  of  Artillery,  Cannon  and  Stores  are  now  on  the 
March  to  this  place,  and  by  report,  that  two  Regiments  are  on 
their  march  to  reinforce  my  command.  I  must  recommend 
it  to  you,  and  all  the  leading  Officers  of  your  county,  to  excite 
industry  in  'slanting  and  sowing  the  Summer  crops,  and  to 
have  your  troops  here  by  the  second  day  of  next  Month. 

The  stroke  t^  Brush  Creek  was  quite  unexpected  and  has 
given  me  gri  ineasiness,  because  I  had  reason  to  hope  that 
the  Country  eastward  of  this  place  would  have  enjoyed  some 
quiet.  But  I  see  the  villains  are  determined  to  perplex  us 
as  much  as  they  possibly  can.  The  Militia  should  be  drafted 
for  two  months,  although  the  expedition  will  probably  end  in 
one,  and  let  them  be  as  well  armed  and  accoutred  as  circum- 
stances will  admit.  I  request  you  to  encourage  them  to 
bring  with  them  two  weeks'  allowance  of  Provisions,  lest 
there  should  be  a  deficiency.  I  trust  you  and  all  the  good 
people  of  your  County  are  convinced  of  the  necessity  there  is 
for  prosecuting  some  offensive  operations  against  the  Savages, 
and  I  hope  that,  being  favored  by  a  well-timed  movement 


236 


I.ETTERS. 


.  it 'I 


from  the  new  settlements  clown  the  river,  we  shall  be  able  to 
strike  a  general  panic  into  the  hostile  Tribes.  I  do  not  intend 
to  put  too  much  to  hazard,  as  a  Defeat  would  prove  fatal  to  the 
Settlements,  and  therefore  expect  the  full  Complement  of  men 
will  be  furnished,  which  alone,  with  the  blessing  of  Divine 
Providence,  can  ensure  success.  Indeed,  I  e.xpect  that  upon 
this  Expedition  many  will  turn  and  voluntarily  to  procure  to 
themselves  the  blessings  of  Peace.  I  have  the  Honor  to  be, 
with  great  regard  and  P^steem, 

Dear,  Sir,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

Daniel  Bkodhead, 
Colonel  Coniinanding  No.  D. 
[Coi.ONEi.  AKcniiiALn  Lociiry,  Lieutenant 
of  Westmoreland  County.] 


|t  >t 


i  1.1  ^f^ 


,>       9     1 


Headquarters,  Fort  Pitt,  July  9,  1780. 

Dear  Sir: — I  am  honored  with  your  favor  of  this  date.  I 
am  well  satisfied  with  the  proposed  indulgence  to  the  Inhab- 
itants of  Turtle  Creek  Waters  until  they  have  reaped  their 
harvests  of  Wheat  and  Rye  ;  but  it  will  be  very  inconvenient  to 
provide  for  the  men  at  such  a  di.stance  ;  besides,  our  magazines 
are  very  low,  and  I  conceive  the  inhabitants  who  wish  their 
protection  particularly  ought  to  feed  them  at  their  own  ex- 
pense— this,  I  believe  has  been  the  usual  custom. 

I  hear  nothing  of  the  sixty  men  you  were  ordered  to  draft, 
which  were  to  receive  their  supplies  from  the  State,  and  I 
am  desirous  to  know  what  has  been  done  in  regard  to  that 
order,  for  I  am  so  circumstanced  with  regard  to  resources 
that  my  duty  will  require  the  strictest  economy  to  subsist 
the  troops  in  Continental  service.  If  I  can  possibly  obtain 
supplies,  I  shall  yet  make  an  excursion  into  the  Indian 
country  in  time  to  destroy  the  corn,  etc.     But  I  conceive 


)Ic  to 
itend 
othe 
men 
ivine 
upon 
re  to 
o  be. 


LETTERS. 


237 


that  the  best  method  will  be  to  march  on  horse  if  they  can 
be  furnished. 

I  am,  with  much  respect  and  esteem, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

Daniel  Brodhead. 
[Colonel  Akchiuald  Lochry.] 

Fort  Pitt,  October  8,  1782. 
Sir: — I  am  honored  with  your  Excellency's  two  letters  of 
the  4th  and  l8th  of  September;  the  last  by  Mr.  Curnaghan 
with  the  money  did  not  arrive  here  till  the  5th  instant.  This 
delay  and  the  detachment  of  General  Wayne's  regiment  not 
coming  at  the  time  proposed  will  unavoidably  prevent  my 
moving  so  soon  as  was  intended.  I  have  sent  an  officer  Ex- 
press to  meet  and  hasten  General  Wayne's  men,  and  though 
I  am  not  certain  what  day  they  can  arrive,  take  for  granted, 
if  at  all,  they  will  be  here  before  the  20th,  and  as  the  business 
would  be  impracticable  later,  have  fixed  on  that  day  to  march 
from  Fort  Mcintosh — a  post  thirty  miles  advanced  of  this 
place.  Sixty  Rangers  are  counted  to  me  as  part  of  the  men 
for  the  expedition ;  these  I  am  not  yet  informed  where  they 
are  to  come  from.  Three  hundred  Militia  ordered  by  Con- 
gress from  below  the  mountain  are  also  counted ;  those  are 
not  only  so  far  short  of  the  number,  but  so  few  of  them  are 
fit,  or  in  any  manner  Clothed  or  Equipped  for  such  service, 
that  most  of  them  would  be  a  dead  weight  or  incumbrance ; 
add  to  this  their  term  of  service  is  nearly  expired.  I  must 
therefore  depend  solely  on  the  few  Regulars  and  what  volun- 
teers can  be  raised  on  this  side  the  Mountain.  If  about  600 
actually  assemble,  I  am  detLMmined  to  make  the  attempt, 
particularly  as  I  have  some  reason  to  hope  General  Clark, 
will  co-operate  with  us  if  this  last  delay  does  not  prevent 
it,   as  I  had  concerted   measures  with  him  that  he  should 


='<:;T», 


238 


LETTERS. 


^^i 


attack  the  Shawnose  at  the  same  time  I  did  Sandusky. 
One  of  the  Expresses  to  him  was  wounded  on  his  way  down 
the  river  and  narrowly  escaped  falling  into  the  enemy's 
hands.  I  have  sent  another  to  him  since  that  time,  and  a 
third  since  I  received  your  last  dispatches  in  order  to  halt 
him  a  few  days  till  I  could  get  ready.  The  ICstimate  will  be 
found  in  general  too  low,  and  several  things  omitted  which 
cannot  be  dispensed  with.  The  calculation  for  a  horse  to 
carry  200  is  too  high ;  however  you  may  depend  I  will  spare 
no  pains  to  have  the  business  done  on  the  lowest  terms.  I 
have  appointed  Mr.  John  Irwin,  of  Pittsburgh,  the  principal 
agent.  If  you  should  think  proper  to  send  any  money  in  my 
absence,  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  address  it  to  him,  subject 
to  my  orders.  It  would  not  be  possible  to  procure  the  sup- 
plies in  so  short  a  time  on  any  other  plan  than  to  purchase 
provision  from  the  Volunteers,  which  they  had  collected  for 
their  own  use  on  the  original  plan  of  carrying  the  Expedition. 
I  mean,  therefore,  to  order  the  whole  to  the  place  of  general 
Rendezvous,  there  have  the  whole  appraised  and  pay  for  it  in 
bulk ;  though  some  unavoidable  waste  will  take  place,  yet  I 
hope,  on  the  whole,  it  will  come  within  the  price  the  Rations 
are  estimated  at.  The  greatest  difficulty  with  me  is  the  un- 
certainty of  the  Quantity,  which  cannot  be  ascertained  till  the 
whole  is  collected,  but  there  is  no  alternative. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  great  resp'ct,  sir,  your  Excel- 
lency's most  obedient  servant, 

[His  Excellency,  Wm.  Irvine, 

Wm.  Moor,  Esq.] 


Fort  Pitt,  April  12,  1782. 
My  Dearest  Love  :—\  received  your  two  letters  by  Captain 
Craig  and   Mr.  Hughes.     I  am  therefore  in  arrears  in  the 
letter  way,  but  the  fault  is  not  in  me,  being  extremely  anxious 


I.KTTKRS. 


239 


to  inform  you  of  my  arrival  here,  but  have  not  had  a  single 
opportunity.  I  had  very  cold  weather,  though  ory,  and  made 
a  speedy  march.  Got  up  the  Monday  after  I  left  you.  One 
of  my  horses  took  lame,  and  I  was  oblig'd  to  leave  him  about 
half-way.  Things  were  in  a  strange  stale  when  I  arrived.  A 
number  of  the  Country  people  had  just  returned  from  the 
Moravian  towns,  about  100  miles  distant,  where,  'tis  said,  they 
did  not  spare  either  age  or  se.x.  What  was  more  e.xtra- 
ordinary  they  did  it  in  cool  blood,  having  deliberated  three 
days,  during  which  time  they  were  industrious  in  collecting 
all  hands  into  their  Churches  (they  had  embraced  Christianity) 
where  they  fell  on,  while  they  were  singing  Hymns,  and 
killed  the  whole.  Many  children  were  killed  in  their  wretched 
Mother's  arms.  Whether  this  was  right  or  wrong  I  do  not 
pretend  to  determine.  Things  were  still  in  greater  confusion 
nearer  home,  for  on  the  morning  before  my  arrival  here  a 
party  of  Militia  attacked  some  friendly  Indians,  who  were  not 
only  under  our  protection,  but  several  actually  had  commis- 
sions in  our  service,  at  the  very  nose  of  the  garrison  on  a 
small  island  in  the  River,  of  whom  they  killed  several,  and 
also  made  prisoners  of  a  guard  of  Continental  troops,  and  sent 
Colonel  Gibson  a  message  that  they  would  also  .scalp  him.  A 
thousand  lies  are  propagated  all  over  the  country  against  him, 
poor  fellow,  I  am  informed.  The  whole  is  occasioned  by  his 
unhappy  connection  with  a  certain  tribe,  which  leads  people 
to  imagine  for  this  reason  that  he  has  an  attachment  to 
Indians  in  general.  However  false  this  reasoning  may  be, 
yet  no  reasoning  will  or  can  convince  people  to  the  contrary. 
People  who  have  had  Fathers,  Mothers,  Brothers  or  Children 
butchered,  tortured,  scalped  by  the  savages — reasoning  very 
differently  on  the  subject  of  killing  the  Moravians  to  what 
people  who  live  in  the  interior  part  of  the  country  in  safety 
do — their  feelings  are  very  different.     Whatever  your  private 


'  \ 


340 


LKTTEKS. 


opinion  of  these  matters  may  be,  I  conjure  you  by  all  the  ties 
of  affection,  and  as  you  value  my  reputation,  that  you  keep 
your  mind  to  yourself  and  that  you  will  not  express  any  senti- 
ment for  or  against  these  deeds,  as  it  may  be  alleged  the 
sentiments  you  express  may  come  from  me  or  be  mine  also. 

No  man  knows  whether  I  approve  or  disapprove  of  killing 
the  Moravians.  I  called  a  meeting  of  most  of  the  principal 
Militia  Officers.  They  were  convened  here  last  Friflay  after 
long  conferences  which  lasted  nearly  two  days.  They  parted 
seemingly  pleased  with  the  plans  I  proposed  to  adopt  for  the 
protection  of  the  country,  and  promised  they  would  support 
me.  I  have  also  been  fortunate  enough  to  suppress  the 
mutinous  disposition  of  the  Troops  without  Hlood-shedding. 
From  all  this  you  make  yourself  easy  respecting  my  personal 
safety.  Some  people  are  killed  and  some  taken  by  the  Indians 
in  almost  every  quarter.  I  lost  five  of  my  men  a  few  days 
since,  who  were  wood-cutting  and  carelessly  laid  down  their 
arms  to  load  the  wagon,  when  a  party  rushed  on  them.  This 
was  at  a  Fort  we  have  thirty  miles  down  the  river.  Whether 
my  mind  may  change  or  not  I  cannot  say,  but  from  the  state 
of  things  at  present  I  would  not  consent  for  the  Universe  to 
your  coming  up.  If  your  sister,  Niell,  lives  in  the  country 
this  summer  and  you  could  accomplish  taking  the  children 
with  you,  I  should  have  no  objection  to  your  spending  some 
weeks  with  her. 

Yrs  affectionately, 

Wm.  Ikvine. 


Four  Pitt,  December  29,  1782. 

My  Dearest  Love: — This  day  I  expected  my  Express,  but 

there  is  as  yet  no  account  of  him,  but  I  hourly  look  for  him. 

The  Bearer,  Mr.  Jno.  Bull,  is  an  elder  of  the  Moravian  Indians' 

congregation,  who,  together  with  the  Ministers,  Converts,  etc, 


LKTTKRS. 


241 


had  built  a  pretty  town  luul  made  good  im|)rov('ri".'nts  n  id 
lived  for  some  years  past  quite  in  the  style  of  Christ i.ui, 
White  people,  but  were  last  fall  taken  prisoners  by  a  partv  of 
Indians  commanded  by  that  infamous  rascal,  Mattliew  Klliol. 
and  carried  away  to  the  luimber  of  100  families  from  t'  fir 
fine  farms  into  the  Wilderness,  where  they  are  starvint>:  Mr, 
Bull  is  noingdown  to  Bethlehem  to  represent  the  ,  il'terirg.^ 
of  his  people  to  the  society  of  Moravians.  I  wish  i  could 
appoint  a  day  to  be  with  you,  but  that  is  impossible. 

I  am,  my  dearest  love,  yours  most  affectionately, 

Wm.  Ikvinr. 

[Mk.s.  Ik  vim:.] 

Biiii.ADEi.i'iiiA,  August  26,  1784. 
Sir: — We  understand  it  is  your  Intention  to  contract  for 
those  Things  which  will  be  necessary  for  the  table  and  sup- 
port of  the  Commissioners  during  the  Negotiations.     We  are 
apprehensive  of  much  inconvenience  in  being  supplied  b^  .1 
Contractor,  and  therefore  it  is  our  wish  that  the  articles  which 
we  have  noted  as  necessary,  should  be  purchased   by  Mr. 
O'Hara,  in  whom  we  can  Confide.     You  can  best  judgr,  sir, 
whether  this  will  make  any  material  difference  ii<  the  iitpense 
to  the  Public.     If  it  will  not,  we  hope  the  Mo  ,c  we  des-re  will 
be  agreeable  to  you,  and  that  Mr.  O  Hv^rn  will  be  enabled  to 
provide  the  Things  necessary  williout  a  moment's  Delay,  as  the 
time  fi.xed  for  the  Treaty  at  Stanwix  presses  hard  upim  us. 
We  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect,  sir, 
Your  most  obed  and  humble  Servt.s, 

Aktiiur  Lee, 
Richard  Buti.er. 
[The  Honorable  the  Superintendent  of  Finance.] 

Philadelphia,  September  10,  1784. 
.S'/>.- — The  Indian  Goods  destined  for  the  Westward,  and 
which  you  are  now  purchasing,  you  will  please  to  have  care- 


■\  -■ 


i'^ 


mi 


ffi' 

MiCTli'^jit 

J42 


LETTERS. 


fully  packed  up,  marked  and  numbered  and  placed  in  some 
safe  and  convenient  store,  to  remain  there  till  the  arrival  of 
my  Colleagues,  which  I  expect  will  be  to-morrow  or  next  day 
at  farthest.  It  is  my  wish  that  you  should  take  charge  of  them 
to  Fort  Pitt  and  Cyahoga,  and  I  make  not  the  least  doubt 
but  Colonel  Atlee  and  Mr.  McCIay  will  agree  with  me  in  your 
appointment  to  this  business.  I  order  that  they  may  be  for- 
warded with  all  dispatch ;  You  had  better  begin  to  engage 
the  necessary  Teams  immediately.  With  regard  to  additional 
Stores  to  accommodate  the  Commissioners,  it  will  be  abso- 
lutely necessary  that  they  should  be  laid  in.  This,  however, 
may  be  delay'd  until  the  arrival  of  my  brother  Commissioners, 
when  you  shall  be  furnished  with  a  list. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  very  humble  servant, 

F.  jon^nTOs,  Co)/itnissic»ur. 
Approved  by  Sam.  Atlee. 
[Captain  Jame.s  O'Haka.] 

Philadelphia,  Augu.st  28,  1784. 
Sir:— You  having  assisted  the  Continental  Commissioners 
in  procuring  the  Indian  goods  so  much  to  their  satisfaction, 
has  induced  the  Indian  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  this 
State,  to  request  your  assistance  in  obtaining  and  safe-pack- 
ing the  goods  to  be  provided  by  them.  ICnclosed  you  hav'i 
a  list  of  such  as  are  wanted,  and  must  beg  you  will  lose  no 
time  in  furnishing  the  usual  articles  therein  specified,  in  order 
that  they  may  be  sent,  if  possible,  with  the  Goods  of  the  Con- 
tinent. The  list  should  have  been  furnished  sooner  had  we 
been  sooner  authorized.  The  Treaty  at  Fort  Stanwix  will  be 
held  the  20th  of  September  next,  so  that  it  will  require  your 
utmost  exertions,  as  many  o^  the  articles  must  be  made  here. 
A  general  trttity  will  be  held  at  Cuyahoga,  on  the  bank  of  Lake 
Erie,  on  the  20th  of  November  next,  so  that  the  articles  in  the 


,>■:>. 


* 


■I^ 


m:i 


LETTERS. 


3# 


enclosed  List  No.  i,  will  be  equally  divided,  the  one-half  only 
immediately  for  the  first  Treaty,  by  which  means  you  will  have 
sufficient  time  to  make  up  such  articles  as  shall  be  required 
for  the  second.  As  the  State  means  to  convince  the  natives 
that  she  can  and  will  furnish  the  best  assortment  of  Goods, 
we  must  beg  you  will  be  careful  to  answer  her  good  Intentions 
in  these  particulars.  Sundry  little  articles,  agreeable  to  Li.st 
No.  2,  will  be  wanted  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Commis- 
sioners, who  beg  you  will  give  yourself  the  additional  trouble 
of  furnishing  the  same  and  having  them  carefully  put  up, 
marked  and  sent  on  with  the  Goods.  When  they  are  read\  to 
be  shipped,  you  will  be  pleased  call  upon  Captain  Joseph  Stiles, 
the  keeper  of  the  magazine,  who  will  deliver  you  lO  quarter 
Casks  of  powder  for  the  first  Treaty  ;  lo  other  quarter  Casks 
will  be  ready  for  the  second,  and  likewise  delivered  you. 
We  are.  Sir,  your  h'ble  servants, 

Samuel  Atlee, 
Francls  Johnston. 
P.  S. — Captain  Stiles  will  also  furnish  you  with  three  horse- 
man's and  one  soldier's  tent. 
[Cai'Tain  James  O'Hara.] 

Fort  Pitt,  December  3,  1785. 
Sir: — I  am  sorry  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  this 
country  has  got  a  severe  stroke  by  the  loss  of  Colonel  Lochry 
and  about  one  hundred  ('tis  said)  of  the  best  men  of  West- 
moreland County,  including  Captain  Stockely  and  his  com- 
pany of  Rangers.  They  were  going  down  the  Ohio  on 
General  Clark's  Expedition ;  many  accounts  agree  that  they 
were  all  killed  or  taken  at  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  River — 
I  believe,  chiefly  killed.  This  misfortune,  added  to  the  fail- 
ure of  General  Clarke's  Expedition,  has  filled  the  people  with 
great  dismay  ;  many  talk  of  retiring  to  the  East  side  of  the 


I 


T!,' 


244 


LETTEKS. 


^:  f 


■'r,< 


h'l 


I 

1 

y 


Mountains  early  in  the  Spring.  Indeed,  there  is  great  reason 
to  apprehend  that  the  Savages  and,  perhaps,  the  British  from 
Detroit  will  push  us  hard  in  the  Spring,  and  I  believe  there 
never  were  Posts  nor  a  County  in  a  worse  state  of  defence.  Not- 
withstanding, I  am  well  informed  there  has  been  sundry  meet- 
ings of  people  at  different  places  for  the  purpose  of  concert- 
ing plans  to  emigrate  into  the  Indian  country,  there  to  estab- 
lish a  Government  for  themselves.  What  the  result  of  these 
meetings  were  I  cannot  say,  and,  as  I  do  not  intend  to 
interfere  in  Civil  matters,  have  not  taken  any  notice  of  the 
affair.  From  what  observations  I  have  been  able  to  make,  I 
am  of  opinion  there  is  many  obvious  reasons  why  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  running  the  Ime  between  Virginia  and 
Penn.sylvania.  Civil  government  will  never  be  fairly  estab- 
lished till  then,  nor  even  the  Militia  drawn  out  with  regularity 
for  their  own  defence.  I  have  no  reason,  as  yet,  to  complain 
of  the  people,  for  the  refractory,  ungovernable,  low  manners 
generally  ascribed  to  them.  I  assure  you,  sir,  my  pity  for 
their  situation  is  rather  excited,  than  wrath  or  indignation 
kindled.  I  have  good  grounds  to  believe  that  the  settlements 
at  Cantuke  and  the  Falls  will  break  up,  in  which  case,  I  fear, 
a  number  of  adventurers,  who  talk  of  going  down  to  New 
Orleans  with  flour,  will  be  killed  or  taken.  Council  may 
depend  that  during  my  stay  here,  that  no  exertions  in  my 
power  shall  be  wanting  in  everything  that  may  tend  to  the 
welfare  of  the  State,  or  protection  of  the  Inhabitants,  as  far 
as  consistent  with  my  duty  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect. 

Sir,  your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant, 

Wm.  Irvine. 
[His  Excellency,  the  President  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.] 


LETTERS. 


m 


Treasury  Department, 
•     .  Register's  Oi'i-icE,  March  6,  1792. 

These  are  to  certify  that  James  O'Hara,  Esq.,  late  Con- 
tractor for  supplying  the  army  with  Provisions,  and  who  oc- 
casionally acted  as  Quartermaster  of  the  troops  and  agent  for 
the  supply  of  Indian  goods,  is  not  charged  with  any  Moneys 
on  the  treasury  books.  That  he  has  from  time  to  time  settled 
his  accounts  in  a  regular  manner  at  the  Treasury,  and  has 
given  general  satisfaction  to  the  Treasury  officers  with  whom 
he  settled  said  accounts.         (Signed) 

;  '  Joseph  'Novrsk,  Rcjrish'r. 


I 


^1  '■ 


'I ' 


War  Department,  April  19,  1792. 
Sir: — The  President  of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  has  appointed  you  Quarter- 
master-General in  the  Army  of  the  United  States.  You  will 
please  immediately  to  signify  your  acceptance  or  non-acce^^t- 
ance  of  this  appointment.  In  order  that  you  may  judge  of 
the  pay,  rations  and  emoluments  for  the  commissioned  and 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  I  enclose  you  the  Act  of  Congress  relative  to 
the  military  establishment. 

I  am,  sir,  your  humble  servant, 

H.  Knox,  Secretary  of  War. 
[James  O'Hara,  E.sq.] 

PiTTsnuRGH,  June  20,  1792. 

Sir: — I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  Quarter- 
master-General's Department  begins  to  bear  such  appearance 
in  this  country  as  strengthens  my  confidence  in  being  able  to 
perform  the  Duties  in  such  manner  as  may  be  required.  The 
Stores  sent  by  Ivlr.  Knox  have  arrived  more  expeditiously  than 
I  expected  and  in  tolerable  order;  the  brass  cannon  is  at 


246 


LKTTEKS. 


u 


length  received  very  safe.  The  conduct  of  Gist  I  represep<-ed 
to  you  in  Philadelphia,  he  being  there  with  his  wagon.  'I'he 
Sheet  Iron  was  delivered  in  due  time,  and  the  Camp  Kettles 
are  in  a  fair  way  of  being  ready.  Every  article  furnished  at 
this  place  will  be  of  excellent  quality.  I  expect  some  embar- 
rassment in  procuring  Forage,  chiefly  owing  to  the  very  low 
state  of  the  rivers,  but  with  a  little  exertion  I  expect  to  raise 
the  necessary  supply.  I  have  made  such  arrangements  as 
was  in  my  power  for  having  the  necessary  magazines  and 
Granaries  erected  at  the  Western  Posts  and  for  having  dry 
Forage  laid  up,  it  possible;  this  will  depend  on  the  state  of 
the  Garrison.  I  cannot  make  any  observations  on  the  defici- 
encies of  my  department,  having  no  returns  of  accoutrements, 
camp  equipage  and  other  articles,  which  I  am  informed  are 
already  procured,  but  shall  certainly  attend  to  it  soon  as  may 
be  in  my  power.  Wishing  to  continue  Major  Craig  as  Quar- 
termaster at  this  post,  I  have  ventured  to  offer  him  P'orty 
dollars  per  month,  three  Rations  per  day  and  Forage  for  one 
horse,  which  he  does  not  consider  a  sufficient  compensation 
and  which  I  shall  not  exceed  in  any  case  without  advice. 
Such  Blacksmiths,  Carpenters  and  Wheelwrights  as  ought  to 
be  employed  as  artificers,  will  not  engage  to  serve  for  less 
than  fifteen  or  twenty  dollars  per  month  and  extra  provision. 
Good  Mechanics  are  indispensably  necessary,  and  as  I  do  not 
conceive  myself  justifiable  in  agreeing  on  such  high  terms, 
I  wish  to  be  instructed  on  both  these  cases.  I  have  pur- 
chased but  very  few  Horses,  as  having  a  great  number  on 
Hand  would  at  present  be  attended  with  unnnecessary  ex- 
pense. I  shall  wait  for  particular  orders  on  this  Head,  as  a 
sufficient  Number  may  be  raised  in  a  few  days'  notice.  The 
Commander-in-Chief  being  here  I  shall  not  trouble  you  with 
any  observations  on  the  situation  of  our  Frontiers,  nor  do  I 
know  that  more  can  be  said  than  that  we  seem  to  be  in  pro- 


LETTICRS. 


^ 


found  peace,  surrounded  by  a  cheerful  people,  possessing  all 
the  necessaries  of  life  in  the  greatest  abundance  and  on  the 
most  easy  terms,  although  not  altogether  free  from  appre- 
hension that  this  tranquillity  may  be  again  disturbed  by 
skulking  parties  from  Lake  Erie,  or  by  Muncy  Vagabonds.  I 
expect  to  be  honored  with  your  commands  often  as  the 
service  may  require,  and  I  now  take  the  liberty  of  assuring 
you  that  no  motive  nor  consideration  can  possibly  interfere 
with  the  duties  of  my  station,  which  I  feel  myself  most  re- 
ligiously bound  to  execute  agreeable  to  your  instructions  and 
my  own  judgment.  A  few  loads  of  shot  is  received  under 
Campbell's  contract.  They  will  not  please,  being  too  rough 
for  brass  pieces  and  not  fair  cast ;  of  this  they  are  informed. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir. 
Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 
[To  the  Honorable,  the  Secretary  of  War,  June  20,  1792.] 


v 


War  Department,  June  29,  1792. 

Sir: — I  have  received  your  favor  of  the  20th  instant  and  I 
am  happy  to  learn  the  confidence  that  you  shall  be  able  to 
perform  the  duties  of  your  Department  in  a  satisfactory 
manner. 

I  am  really  of  opinion  that  Major  Craig  ought  to  have  the 
pay  and  emoluments  of  a  deputy  quartermaster-general.  His 
punctuality,  fidelity  and  industry  are  such  as  to  be  of  particu- 
lar importance  in  the  place  where  he  is,  as  he  has  the  charge 
of  receiving  and  distributing  all  the  public  stores.  I  think 
you  may  engage  good  mechanics  at  fifteen  dollars,  besides 
extra  provisions;  but  they  ought  to  be  engaged  for  two  or 
three  years,  unless  sooner  discharged.  I  am  glad  you  have 
not  yet  purchased  many  horses.     The  Commander-in-Chief 


I 


248 


LETTERS. 


being  upon  the  spot,  will  instruct  you  upon  that  and  all  other 
parts  of  your  duty. 

The  returns  of  the  Tents  and  Camp  equipage  is  presumed  to 
be  abundant ;  a  particular  return  shall  be  transmitted  to  you, 
and  if  there  should  be  any  deficiency  you  will  either  provide 
them,  or  require  them  to  be  provided  here. 

I  shall  write  to  Major  Craig  about  Campbell's  shot. 
I  am,  sir,  your  humble  servant, 

H.  Kno.x. 


I 


EXTRACT  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  THE  SECRETARY 

OF  THE  TREASURY  TO  THE  SECRETARY 

OF  WAR. 

"Treasury  Dei'.vktment,  August  6,  1792. 

"All  advances  for  supplies  in  the  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment will  be  made  to  the*  quartermaster  by  warrants  in  his 
favor  from  the  treasury,  and  he  will  have  to  account  immedi- 
ately to  the  treasury  for  the  disbursement  of  the  moneys 
committed  to  him. 

"It  will,  of  course,  be  necessary  for  the  quarterma.stcr  to 
have  an  attorney  or  deputy  at  this  place.  No  provision  for 
compensation  of  a  deputy  having  been  made  it  is  of  necessity 
that  he  should  depute  some  person  who  is  otherwise  in  the 
employ  of  the  government. 
[Compared.]  "Jn.  Stagc;." 


^i;> 


Headquarters,  PirrsnuRCin,  August  17,  1792. 

Sir: — I  have  received  the  extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  relative  to  the 
appointment  of  an  attorney  or  deputy  at   Philadelphia,  and 


•  After  the  first  of  next  month. 


other 


LETTERS. 


249 


the  Secretary  at  War's  request  that  such  appointment  should 
be  immediately  made.  I  cannot  conceive  that  the  allusion  in 
this  Extract  can  be  to  you  in  particular,  as  the  Secretary's 
sentiments  on  this  subject  were  the  same  several  months 
ago ;  nevertheless,  your  known  Integrity  merits  my  confidence. 
Your  industry  and  knowledge  of  the  mode  of  doing  Business 
in  the  Publick  Offices  will  no  doubt  entitle  you  to  "such  com- 
pensation as  may  be  hereafter  thought  reasonable  "  for  such 
services  as  you  shall  tender  in  this  line.  Inclosed  you  have 
a  Letter  of  attorney  that  will  enable  you  to  receive  the  neces- 
sary supplies  of  money  for  my  department.  The  purchases  and 
disbursements  will  be  made  occasionally,  as  may  be  legally 
ordered. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 
[Saml.  Hodgdon,  Esq.] 

Headouarters,  Pittshuruii,  August,  17,  1792. 

Sir: — I  am  honored  with  yours  of  the  7th  instant,  inclosing 
an  extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
respecting  the  mode  of  advancing  Supplies  in  the  Quarter- 
master's department.  In  consequence  of  a  letter  received 
from  Mr.  Hodgdon,  and  my  knowledge  of  his  integrity,  I 
have  forwarded  to  him  a  power-of-attorney,  that  he  may  draw 
money  on  my  account,  from  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States,  whenever  it  may  be  considered  necessary,  after  the 
first  of  next  month.  This  is  all  I  feel  myself  justifiable  in 
doing  on  this  subject  at  present. 

Mr.  Belli's  letter,  dated  Lexington,  June  the  8th,  relative 
to  forage,  was  received  and  answered  in  due  time.  I  am 
under  no  apprehension  on  account  of  this  article,  although^ 
on  a  moderate  estimate,  the  present  Establishment  will  re- 
quire one  Hundred  Thousand  Bushels  of  Grain  annually.  He 
17 


ii 


(I  ;l 


250 


LETTERS. 


Hi'1 


n  \" 


applies  to  me  for  an  additional  sum  of  money,  as  the  $25,000 
he  has  received  is  the  exact  estimation  for  Purchase  of  the 
Cavalry  Horses.  The  purchase  of  O.xen  (in  which  he  has  been 
successful),  the  purchase  of  foraf^e,  his  e.xpenditure.s,  the 
necessary  assistance  and  other  expenses,  do  require  that  he 
should  be  furnished  with  Ten  Thousand  Dollars,  at  least.  I, 
therefore,  request  that  this  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be 
placed  in  the  Hands  of  Colonel  Hodgdon,  who  will  transmit  it 
to  me  by  the  first  good  opportunity. 

I  find  that  the  Spades  and  Shovels  required  in  my  first 
Estimate  have  been  entirely  neglected.  They  are  already  in 
demand.  I  beg  they  may  be  forwarded,  or  part  of  them,  as 
soon  as  possible.  Should  the  present  mode  of  Transporting 
public  stores  to  this  country  be  continued,  every  branch  of 
the  army  must  suffer  not  only  great  inconvenience,  but  their 
disgrace  may  be  owing  to  the  base  speculations  of  a  few  un- 
grateful Wagoners,  who  seem  to  take  pride  in  abusing  that  in- 
dulgence they  have  so  often  experienced.  The  high  price 
given  for  carriage  is  the  principal  cause  of  its  being  so  in- 
famously executed.  It  is  engrossed  by  the  most  insinuating 
and  stowed  away  until  they  can  trip  it,  or  sell  out,  at  two  or 
three  Guineas  the  load  ;  then  no  responsible  person  will 
meddle  with  it,  having  been  Witnesses  to  the  tricks  of  those 
undertaken  before ;  then  have  I  seen  Lading  pass  to  the 
fourth  hand  before  it  reached  this  place.  The  only  remedy 
for  this  growing  evil  is  to  reduce  the  price  of  Carriage  twelve 
per  cent. — viz.,  change  the  neat  to  Gross  Weight,  and  cause 
every  fellow  who  has  trespassed  to  be  dismissed.  The  best 
characters  will  then  engage  to  deliver  each  load  at  this  place 
in  Twenty-five  days,  or  pay  four  dollars  for  every  day's  deten- 
tion after. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  Gen. 
[Honorable  Secretary  of  War.] 


LETTERS. 


351 


$25,000 

of  the 
as  been 
cs,  the 

hat  he 
ast.  I, 
liars  be 
I. sill  it  it 


LKTTER  TO  HIS  EXCELLENCY  MAJOR-GENERAL 

WAYNE. 

Headquarters,  Pittshurc.ii,  August  30,  1792. 
Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  you  a  copy  of  a  letter  from 
Captain  Haskell,  dated  at  Marietta,  the  21st  instant,  stating 
the  disagreeable  situation  the  Troops  at  that  Post  and  Galli- 
polis  are  in  "for  want  of  clothing"  and  other  necessaries. 

Captain  Haskell  having  made  no  regular  returns  of  the 
Articles  wanted,  I  beg  leave  to  submit  to  your  Excellency  the 
necessity  of  furnishing  him  with  temporary  relief  as  soon  as 
the  communication  will  admit,  as  I  apprehend  that  those  Posts 
are  not  of  such  magnitude  as  will  justify  the  appointment  of 
subordinates  in  either  the  Ouartermaster,  Ordnance,  or  Cloth- 
ing branch  of  the  staff. 

I  am,  sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

JamesO'Hara,  C^.J/.  G^. 


LETTER  TO  MR.  ROHERT  ELLIOT,  CONTRACTOR. 

Headquarters,  Miami  Villages,  October  5,  1792. 

Dear  Sir: — We  arrived  here  safe  on  the  30th  and  in  tolerabhj 
order,  and  with  Extreme  difficulty  Barbees  Brigade  was  pre- 
vailed on  to  go  to  Greenville  for  the  last  Escort,  his  people 
would  not  agree  to  bring  any  flour  on  their  own  Horses,  the 
General  has,  however,  wrote  him  by  this  Express,  requesting 
him  to  prevail  on  them  to  load  out. 

It  is  very  unfortunate  that  your  new  Horses  will  not  be  able 
to  join  this  Escort,  as  it  would  complete  this  Post  for  a  reason- 
able time,  and  I  can  assure  you,  that  doing  this  after  the  army 
moves,  will  be  very  critical.  I  do  not  expect  General  Barbee 
can  leave  Greenville  before  the  9th,  and  were  it  possible  for 
you  to  have  him  overtaken  at  Recovery  by  Express,  I  think 


-'■"'*'"'»%;^*-  f'"«  A  ■»'iifc«4Kt^ 


252 


LETTKRS. 


he  would  leave  a  Detachment  to  bring  you  on,  as  you  had 
some  hopes  of  beiuf;  at  Greenville  on  the  loth,  the  whole  De- 
tachment could  not  wait  as  the  army  will  be  again  on  half 
allowance,  notwithstanding  all  possible  dispatch.  I  have 
ordered  Hutler  to  push  until  he  meets  you,  and  should  this 
Effort  have  the  desired  effect  it  will  be  of  very  great  impor- 
tance to  the  army  and  to  the  contractors.  The  I-'ort  goes  on 
rapidly,  and  I  have  not  the  least  doubt  of  the  General  taking 
v.p  his  line  of  march  at  all  events  on  the  iSth. 

Jami,s  O'Mara. 


LETTER  TO  THE  HONORABLE  THE  SECRE- 
TARY OF  WAR. 

PiTTSBUKOH,  October  19,  1792. 

Sir: — In  consequence  of  a  requisition  from  the  Commander- 
in-Chief  for  a  supply  of  Forage  and  other  articles,  I  take  the 
liberty  of  representing  to  you  the  necessity  of  having  the  sum 
of  Fifty  thousand  dollars,  at  least,  advanced  for  the  Quarter- 
master's department  and  transmitted  to  me,  as  soon  as  conveni- 
ent. Annexed  you  have  an  estimate  of  the  Expence  that  will 
Certainly  attend  the  different  Articles  therein  specified. 

By  letters  of  the  21st  and  27th  of  September  from  Mr.  Ik-lli, 
I  cannot  depend  on  any  considerable  assistance  with  Forage 
from  the  country  of  Kentucky.  I  transmitted  him  ten  thou- 
sand Dollars  yesterday  by  Major  Rudolph,  being  the  first  good 
opportunity. 

The  Articles  of  Boats,  mentioned  in  this  estimate,  may  appear 
to  you  extraordinary,  having  so  great  a  number  already  on  hand ; 
they  happen  to  be  all  at  this  place,  and  the  Articles  required 
are  only  to  be  found  at  a  very  considerable  distance  up  the 
river  Monongahela,  and  the  flat  and  unwieldy  Construction  of 
the  Boats  preclude  every  idea  of  ascending  the  Stream  with 


LETTEKS. 


553 


I 


them.  I  shall,  therefore,  be  oblig'd  to  procure  others,  more 
Convenient  to  the  Cargoes.  Colonel  Ilodgdon  will  wait  on 
you,  and  should  the  present  demand  of  Fifty  thousand  dollars 
meet  your  approbation,  he  will  receive  the  Money  as  my  Agent, 
and  forward  it  soon  as  may  be  in  his  power. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  sir. 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

Jamics  O'Haka. 

Wak  Department,  October  26,  1792. 

Sir: — Your  letter  of  the  igth  instant  has  been  received,  con- 
taining a  requisition  for  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the  objects 
specified.  This  request  will  be  considered  and  transmitted 
to  the  treasury. 

You  will  please  to  transmit  to  this  office  immediately  a  re- 
turn of  the  pack-horses,  oxen,  carts  and  wagons  in  service, 
and  the  objects  for  and  places  at  which  they  are  employed. 
It  will  also  be  necessary  that  you  transmit  the  objects  for 
which  the  five  hundred  pack-horses  mentioned  in  your  esti- 
mate are  destined.  Mr.  Belli,  expecting  his  letter  would  come 
through  the  wilderness,  transmitted  a  duplicate  open  of  his 
letter  to  you  of  the  2 1st  September,  but  as  you  have  received 
the  first  I  have  retained  the  duplicate. 

It  is  necessary  that  you  should  monthly  transmit  to  me  an 
abstract  specifying  generally  the  objects  and  amount  of  your 
payments.  You  will  for  the  past  exhibit  a  general  abstract. 
It  is  not  expected  that  this  should  be  precise  or  accompanied 
with  vouchers,  but  to  serve  as  a  general  index  of  the  expen- 
ditures. 

I  am,  sir,  your  very  humble  servant, 

H.  Knox. 


y 


■     'l^^■^f>^^  J(k>.^_k   t      _      . 


254 


t.KTTF.KS. 


li.. 


LETTER  TO  THE   HONOKAHLK  THE  SECRE- 
TARY  OF  WAR. 

I'lJTSiiL'Kdii,  December  14,  1792. 

Sir: — My  liciiij;  absent  on  several  post  clays  past,  deprived 
me  of  the  pleasure  of  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  9th 
ult.  sooner.  Please  to  accept  of  my  sincere  thanks  for  your 
particular  attention  to  my  last  requisition  for  money.  I  am 
perfectly  satisfied  with  the  sum  Advanced  to  my  agent,  as  the 
ease  and  facility  with  which  it  may  be  transmitted  appears  now 
so  obvious,  that  I  shall  certainly  prefer  drawing  occasional 
supplies  to  having  a  large  sum  in  my  possession  at  one  time, 
and  therefore  do  dispense  with  any  further  application  until 
necessity  requires  it. 

The  whole  amount  advanced  for  my  department  appears, 
by  your  statement  to  be  One  hundred  and  .seven  thousand 
Dollars.  I  am  not  informed  how  the  Odd  seven  thousand  were 
drawn,  but  presume  they  will  be  accounted  for  in  the  proper 
place.  Twenty  yoke  of  O.xen,  mentioned  in  my  return  of  the 
2d  of  November,  arc  all  that  have  been  in  service.  Mr.  Belli's 
letter  of  the  21st  of  September  informs  that  "some  are  used 
at  the  outposts  and  some  engaged  in  carrying  Forage  from 
headquarters  to  Fort  Hamilton,"  and  answer  very  well.  I  ex- 
pected to  have  in  my  power  to  give  you  more  satisfaction  on 
this  subject  in  the  cour.se  of  this  Winter;  having  purchased 
ten  yokes  for  the  use  of  our  new  camp  at  Legionville.  I  never 
had  any  doubt  of  their  performing  well  in  Draft,  but  they 
come  too  high  in  this  country,  to  purchase  more  than  the 
number  necessary  for  present  use.  A  particular  abstract  of 
Major  Craig's  expenditures  is  now  enclosed,  by  which  you 
will  be  able  to  form  an  idea  of  the  charges  incidental  to  the 
department,  exclusive  of  the  necessary  preparations. 

Captain  Pryor,  with  sixteen  Indians,  three  squaws  and  three 


LKTTER3. 


3S5 


<i:- 


intt'rprctors,  arrived  here  on  the  7th,  and  proceeded  on  their 
w'ly  to  Philadelphia  on  the  12th,  all  on  horseback.  I  inclose 
a  statement  of  their  ICxpences  from  Marietta  and  at  this  place, 
which  you  will  find  to  be  very  extravagant,  ovvinj;  principally 
to  the  dissipation  of  the  Interpreters,  who,  I  am  well  convinced, 
will  afford  you  very  little  satisfaction,  especially  Mayo  and  Jaco 
are  the  greatest  Ruffians  I  ever  saw,  and  I  am  sorry  to  find 
that  Cai)tain  I'ryor  conceives  it  his  duty  to  indulge  them  in 
all  their  excesses  at  public  expence.  V^ou  have  (inclosed)  my 
instructions  to  Mr.  Sallender,  a  French  gentleman,  well 
recommended,  as  a  proper  person  to  furnish  the  Indians  on 
the  road.  He  is  to  remain  with  them  in  Philadelphia  or 
return  immediately  to  this  place,  as  you  may  think  proper. 
The  four  hundred  dollars  advanced  being  considered  insuf- 
ficient by  Captain  I'ryor,  I  gave  him  one  hundred  more,  which 
he  has  promised  to  settle  at  the  war  office.  You  will  also 
receive  a  copy  of  Mr.  Belli's  letter  of  the  28th  of  October, 
from  Fort  Washington,  all  his  wants  regretted  in  this  letter 
were  supplied  by  Major  Rudolph,  being  the  first  good  oppor- 
tunity. Rudolph's  pilot  is  returned,  and  I  nngs  letters  late  as 
the  14th  ult.,  which  you  will  probably  .see  before  this  reaches 
you ;  however,  I  take  the  liberty  of  giving  you  an  Extract, 
which  states  particularly  the  number  of  horses  we  lost  on  the 
6th  of  November  before  Fort  St.  Clair.  The  Commander-in 
Chief  has  got  his  troops  very  comfortably  encamped,  and  the 
prospect  of  forage  and  provisions  is  very  favorable.  I  intend 
taking  the  advantage  of  the  present  open  weather,  to  send  off 
fourteen  boats  loaded  with  Forage,  to  Fort  Washington ;  my 
principal  motive  for  pushing  on  this  quantity  at  this  uncertain 
season  is,  the  hopes  of  making  our  boats  as  useful  as  they 
should  be  in  the  Spring;  could  I  preserve  them,  which  I  ap- 
prehend will  be  so  very  difficult  and  uncertain,  that  I  am  of 
opinion  it  will  be  very  proper  to  have  twenty  new  boats  ready 


IJ 


256 


LETTERS. 


M,> 


fhi 


<  ,! 


I  f  ■ 

k1 


to  launch  for  the  reception  of  the  Troops  in  March,  as  soon 
after  as  may  be  necessary. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

James  O'Haka,  Q.  M.  G. 

Head  Quarters,  Leoionville,  February  12,  1793. 
Sir: — I  have  been  Favor'd  with  your  letter  of  the  5th  instant, 
enclosing  a  general  statement  of  forage  purchased,  a  state- 
ment of  cash,  with  an  Estimate  of  boats  wanted  for  the  ensu- 
ing campaign  ;  and  have  received  a  general  return  of  Quarter- 
master's stores  on  hand  the  20th  of  July,  1792,  received  since, 
issued  and  on  hand  up  to  the  ist  February,  1793.  If  you 
have  not  already  done  it,  I  have  to  request  that  you  will 
transmit  a  copy  of  it  to  the  Secretary  of  War  the  soonest 
possible.  I  have  examined  your  H.stimate  of  boats,  out  of  the 
twelve  that  you  have  calculated  for  the  transportation  of 
2,oou  men  with  their  Arms,  baggage  and  provisions  sufficient ; 
we  ought  not  to  calculate  upon  a  greater  number  of  men  than 
fifty  to  each  boat,  and  I  have  seen  it  demonstrated  that  your 
large  ferry-boat  would  not  carry  more  than  twenty  horses 
and  men  across  the  Allegheny  at  one  trip,  with  the  men  and 
horses  all  standing  up  and  without  forage.  I  should  rather 
suppose  it  would  require  twelve  boats  to  transport  160  horses 
and  cattle,  with  the  riders,  drivers  and  necessary  forage,  so 
as  not  to  crowd  or  injure  the  horses  or  cattle,  and  it  will  cer- 
tainly require  at  least  eight  boats  for  the  Artillery  department. 
By  the  best  calculation  that  I  can  make,  it  will  require  at 
least  si.xty  boats,  independent  of  those  nece.ssary  for  the 
Quartermaster's  department — what  number  that  may  require, 
you  are  the  best  judge.  The  whole  amount  of  the  grain  part 
of  the  forage  ought  most  certainly  to  be  procured,  and  the 
deficiency  in  hay  to  be  made  up  by  an  additional  quantity  of 
grain,  in  the  proportion  of  one  thousand  bushels  of  Corn  for 


r.}. 


hi 


LETTKKS. 


257 


soon 


every  ton  of  Hay,  which  is  upon  the  very  lowest  scale  of 
allowance  per  ration,  i.e.,  14  pounds  of  hay  and  7  quarts  of 
corn.  Enclosed  is  a  return  of  articles  immediately  wanted, 
and  which  must  be  forwarded,  if  possible,  to-morrow.  All 
our  smiths  and  armourers  are  idle  for  want  of  coal ;  the  con- 
sumption is,  at  least,  equal  I0  five  bushels  per  diem  ;  we  have 
made  and  used  upwards  of  150  bushels  of  charcoal  besides  the 
stone  coal ;  the  whole  is  now  exhausted.  We  shall  want  150 
bushels  per  month.  What  will  be  the  best  mode  of  forward- 
ing the  troops  under  Captain  Slough .'  Their  tents,  if  any, 
may  be  stored  at  Pittsburgh ;  their  other  baggage  may  be 
sent  by  water,  and  the  Detachment  to  be  ferried  over  the 
Allegheny  to-morrow  and  march  the  next  morning  early  for 
this  place,  where  they  will  be  immediately  under  cover.  You 
will,  therefore,  give  the  necessary  orders,  in  addition  to  those 
enclosed  for  Captain  Slough. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

Anty.  Waynk. 
[To  J.\Mi:.s  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G.,  Pitt.sburgh.] 


.  Legionvillk,  March '>6,  1793. 

Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  an  estimate  of 
money,  absolutely  necessary  for  carrying  the  orders  of  the 
Commander-in-Chief  into  immediate  effect ;  exclusive  of 
$18,000  lately  drawn  by  Mr.  Hodgdon,  being  very  apprehen- 
sive that  Mr.  Belli  has  involved  the  department  at  Fort 
Washington,  of  which  I  can  make  no  estimate  at  present. 
On  the  15th  inst.,  I  received  orders  to  prepare  for  transport- 
ing the  whole  of  the  tro.ips  to  Fort  Washington.  I  had  not 
one  boat  fit  for  the  purpose,  at  that  time ;  however,  they  shall 
be  ready  on  the  day  appointed  ;  and  the  forge  will  be  com- 
plete, agreeable  to  the  oiders  of  September  10. 

I  hope  Mr.  Hodgden  will  meet  no  difficulty  in  having  at 


■  _J*St.?»»i«*«!>.ft  > 


,  lf^^ia-Xr>w<w  .\'..  ■ 


Kir 
I'm 


158 


LETTERS. 


least  j56o,ooo  forwarded  to  me  as  soon  as  possible,  that  I  may 
be  enabled  to  furnish  the  necci,:ary  transportation  and  sup- 
port on  your  first  and  best  principle  for  ready  money  only. 
My  accounts  for  the  present  Ouarter,  with  general  returns, 
will  be  presented  at  the  Treasury  by  the  next  post,  and  in 
future  they  shall  be  particularly  attended  to,  agreeable  to 
your  instructions. 

I  have  reason  to  apprehend  that  the  ground  on  which  Fort 
Fayette  is  erected  has  not  been  patented.  When  this  work 
was  begun  by  Major  Craig,  the  property  was  in  the  Penns, 
and  he  informs  me  that  he  applied  for  a  performance  of  their 
moderate  terms  at  the  war  office,  and  proceeded  considering 
the  ground  as  public  property.  The  lots  are  in  George 
Wood's  Plan  of  the  Town  of  Pittsburgh,  numbers  55,  56,  57, 
58,  91,  92,  93  and  94.  Should  any  citizen  take  out  Deeds  for 
those  lots  and  persist  in  their  right,  !)erhnns  five  times  the 
purchase  money  must  come  out  of  the  public  treasury  for  the 
property  by  the  common  law.  I  therefore  request  that  those 
deeds  be  immediately  applied  for  in  the  name  of  the  United 
States. 

Mr.  Anthony  liutler  is  the  late  Proprietor's  present  agent 
and  has  full  power  to  convey. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be  your  most  obedient  and  very 
humble  servant,  Jamks  O'Haua,  O.  A/,  (i. 

[The  Honourable  the  Secretary  of  War.] 

War  Department,  April  6,  1793. 

Sir: — I  have  ju.st  received  your  letter  of  the  26ih  of 
March  last,  with  the  list  of  articles  enclosed,  these  shall  be 
duly  considered  and  application  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  for  the  necessary  funds  to  be  placed  in  your  hands. 
The  purchase  of  the  lots  on  which  l*"crt  Fayette  .stands  shall 


LETTEKS. 


259 


be  taken  into  consideration  and  such  order  taken  thereon  as 

shall  appear  to  be  authorized  by  the  laws. 

I  am,  sir,  your  humble  servant, 

H.  Knox, 

Secretary  of  War. 
[Jamks  O'Haka,  O.  M.  G.] 

War  Dkpartment,  April  12,  1793. 

Sir: — I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  6th,  inst.  You  will 
receive  in  a  few  days  after  this  letter  such  proportion  of  the 
monies  you  have  required  to  the  ist  of  July,  as  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  and  myself  shall  judge  suflficient,  with  an 
assurance  of  a  further  supply  from  time  to  time  as  shall  be 
judged  necessary. 

Your  deputy,  Mr.  Belli,  is  here,  and  has  presented  his 
accounts  to  the  treasury  for  settlement  for  whatever  sum  he 
shall  produce,  proper  vouchers  will  be  credited  to  your  ac- 
count. Before  you  descend  the  Ohio  it  will  be  indispensable 
that  your  accounts  and  vouchers  to  the  close  of  the  last  year, 
shall  be  presented  to  the  treasury  for  settlement. 

Major  Craig  speaks  of  a  balance  due  Turnbull  and  Marmie 
for  the  rent  of  this  magazine,  due  before  your  administration. 
This  account  you  will  pay  if  reasonable,  and  charge  the  same 
in  your  account  in  consequence  of  this  order. 

I  am,  sir,  with  respect,  your  very  humble  servant, 

;         Knox. 
[Jamks  O'Haka,    Esq.,  Quartermaster  General]. 


\ 


!  'il 


Heaik)uarters,  S.  W.  Branch  of  Miami,  Oct.  23,  1793. 

.SVr.- — In  obedience  to  the  orders  and  instructions  received 
from  the  Secretary  at  War  on  the  2Sth  of  May,  1792,  direct- 
intr  ^ie  if  there  should  be  any  defect  in  the  transportation  or 
supplies   of  provision  (on  the  part  of   the   Contraccors)  to 


ai&^ 


LETTERS. 


make  instant  arrangements,  at  the  public  expense,  to  remedy 
the  evil,  in  order  to  prevent  any  injury  to  the  service.  That 
defect  having  actually  taken  place  as  far  as  relates  to  the 
Contractor's  means  of  transport,  which  is  not  more  than  one- 
half  equal  to  the  daily  supplies  and  the  necessary  deposits 
ordered  in  advance  at  the  respective  posts  and  garrisons. 
You,  as  Ouartermaster-Qeneral,  will  immediately  purchase 
in  behalf  of  the  Public,  and  add  250  pack  horses  and  30  pair 
of  oxen  or  60  wagon  horses  to  the  Contractor's  present 
means  of  transport,  and  for  which  this  shall  be  your  warrant 
and  authority. 

Ant.  Wayne. 
[Jame.s  O'Haka,  Esq.,  O.  M.  G.  of  the  Legion.] 


ri  ■ 


i ' 


ir 

1' 

r 

■A 

i 

1 
1 

1 

i.%\ 

LETTER  TO  HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  COM- 
MANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

PniLAUEi.i'iiiA,  April  3,  1794. 

S/r: — I  embrace  this  first  opportunity  to  inform  you  of  my 
jDrogress  in  forwarding  the  necessary  supplies  for  the  Legion 
for  the  present  year,  and  of  expressing  my  regrets  for  the 
unavoidable  delay  attending  it,  being  well  aware  of  your 
solicitude  for  the  regular  support  of  the  Army.  I  could  not, 
with  propriety,  receive  money  nor  permission  to  purchase 
until  a  few  days  ago,  the  Appropriation  Bill  having  passed 
into  a  law,  the  business  was  immediately  attended  to  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  Treasury.  The  stores  and  articles 
required  to  be  taken  from  this  place  are  now  preparing,  and 
those  required  from  the  Western  country  shall  be  forwarded 
agreeable  to  the  enclosed  schedules  regular  as  possible.  The 
sheet  of  bar  iron,  stationery  and  tents  are  under  way. 

Enclosed  you  will  receiv^e  a  general  estimate  of  money 
required  for  use  of  the  Quartermaster  Department  for  the 


LETTERS. 


3^ 


present  year,  to  which  no  kind  of  objections  has  been  made. 
Of  this  I  have  this  day  drawn  $30,000.  One  half  I  send  Mr. 
Belli  by  Mr.  Carpenter ;  the  remainder  I  shall  also  send  on 
in  a  few  days.  You  have  been  informed  of  the  fate  of  the 
Army  Bill  in  Senate,  it  is  again  brou^h*^  forward  and  certain 
means  will  be  adopted  to  complete  the  Legion,  at  least  the 
oid  and  obstinate  opposition  becoming  more  and  more  con- 
founded, and  the  spirit  to  stimulate  daily  increasing,  the 
effects  that  those  changes  may  produce  will  be  indebted  to 
the  universal  approbation  of  your  proceedings  in  the  Indian 
country. 

The  Secretary  of  War  informed  me  yesterday  that  he  had 
received  returns  of  Hospital  and  Military  stores  required  and 
that  they  should  be  immediately  ordered.  The  clothing  is  in 
a  very  fair  way,  and  five  months'  pay  is  preparing  at  bank.  I 
will  go  on  in  the  course  of  next  week.  My  accounts  being 
before  the  Comptroller  free  from  all  appearance  of  difficulty, 
I  hope  to  get  from  this  place  in  ten  days,  and  as  procuring 
and  purchasing  supplies  on  the  Ohio  will  require  some  time 
to  meet  your  l-^.xcellency'p  particular  commands,  either  to 
attend  to  the  execution  of  that  duty  or  repair  to  the  Army 
with  such  other  orders  as  yen  may  think  necessary,  would 
relieve  me  from  great  anxiety  in  case  of  active  operations. 
I  wish  to  be  with  you,  otherwise  I  may  be  well  employed 
elsewhere  until  your  supplies  are  better  secured.  We  daily 
wait  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  you,  in  the  meantime  you 
nia\  be  assured  that  every  thing  in  my  power  shall  be  done 
to  support  the  department  and  accommodate  the  Legion. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  sir,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

JamksO'Hara,  <2.  >/.  ^- 


■>--^-,r., ......-«.,.  .If' 


262 


LETTERS. 


* ;  •{■■ 


'   11 


■  '1  / 


'i 


Hkadquahters,  Greenvillk,  June  29,  1794. 

Sir: — Since  my  letter  of  the  2Sth  inst.,  I  have  received 
despatches  and  papers  from  the  Secretary  of  War  down  to 
the  4th  of  this  month ;  the  intelligence  therein  mentioned 
will  require  some  artillery  and  stores,  which  together  with  all 
such  articles  as  may  be  necessary  in  your  department  must 
be  forwarded  the  soonest  possible.  All  the  packhorses  and 
cattle  belonging  to  your  department  and  that  of  the  Con- 
tractor's, may  be  forwarded  under  the  escort  that  is  directed 
to  be  formed  at  Fort  Washington  in  the  course  of  three  or 
four  days,  viz. :  all  the  soldiers  in  that  garrison  fit  for  active 
service  that  can  possibly  be  spared,  the  regular  Dragoons 
under  Captain  Thomas  Lewis  and  Cornet  Blew,  all  the  volun- 
teers that  Captain  Kibby  can  bring  forward  agreeably  to  his 
instructions  and  ready  to  advance  with  the  Convoy  on  or 
before  the  5th  of  July ;  to  these  will  probably  be  added 
twenty  Choctaw  Indians,  who  are  now  on  their  way  to  Head- 
Quarters,  and  who  had  arrived  at  Lexington  on  the  21st  inst. 
You  will  probably  have  to  purchase  horses  or  good  ox  teams 
for  the  artillery  and  Tumbrils,  which  must  be  loaded  with  shot 
and  shells  agreeably  to  the  invoice  with  which  Captain 
Henley  will  be  furnished  ;  these  la.«t  articles  are  to  come 
forward  under  the  immediate  escort  of  Major  General  Scott ; 
who  you  will  please  to  furnish  with  four  Harremen's  tents  and 
thirty  common  tents,  and  with  forty  packhorses,  taking 
receipts  for  the  same  to  be  accounted  for  at  the  close  of  the 
campaij;n.  All  the  horses  belonging  to  both  your  own  and 
the  Contractor's  departments  are,  and  will  be,  fully  employed 
in  front. 

Great  caution  must  be  observed  in  the  next  escort  and  con- 
voy, as  it  would  appear  that  the  enemy  are  meditating  a 
serious  bio  at  some  quarter.  The  opinion  of  our  red  allies 
is  that  they  are  now  advancing  to  attack  the  Legion. 


i 


LETTERS. 


263 


I  had  sent  out  three  selert  parties,  composed  of  Indians  ami 
spies,  in  order  to  take  prisorers  and  make  discoveries  of  the 
situation,  force  and  design  of  the  enemy,  two  of  these  parties 
are  yet  out.  The  other,  consisting  of  forty-five  Choctaws  and 
ten  of  our  best  spies,  were  drove  back  to  camp  yesterday,  by 
vastly  superior  numbers,  according  to  the  Choctaws'  account, 
who  lost  one  of  their  people  at  a  place  called  Girtey's  Town, 
on  the  St.  Mary's,  thirty  miles  advanced  of  this  place,  in  a 
direct  line  towards  Grand  Glaize,  and  a  few  miles  to  the  east 
of  Fort  Recovery,  for  which  post  Major  McMahon  marched 
this  morning,  at  reveille,  with  a  good  detachment,  having  under 
his  escort  a  large  number  of  horses  loaded  with  supplies. 
Perha|:)s  the  enemy  may  endeavor  to  prevent  his  progress,  in 
that  case  his  orders  are  to  charge  and  cut  his  way  through 
them  to  Recovery,  regardless  of  number. 

Then  I  shall  endeavor  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  enemy 
from  our  escort  in  the  rear,  and  to  create  a  jealousy  for  their 
own  safety,  as  well  as  for  that  of  their  women  and  children. 
In  the  return  you  will  give  directions  for  improving  every 
moment  in  forwarding  corn  to  Fort  Hamilton  by  every  possible 
means.  It  would  also  be  necessary  to  purchase  a  reserve  of 
at  least  three  hundred  packhorses,  to  be  ready  in  Kentucky 
at  a  moment's  warning.  Apropos,  the  war  has  assumed  so 
new  and  so  serious  a  complexion  as  not  to  ndmit  of  Mr.  Bel- 
li's  absence  in  furlough  ;  on  the  contrary,  he  ought  to  remain 
at  Fort  Washington,  and  you  ought  to  be  with  the  Legion, 
together  with  an  able  assistant ;  you  have  nobody  at  this 
place  but  the  most  trifling  thing,  whose  utmost  stretch  of 
abilities  will  not  reach  across  the  Counter. 

You  will  please  to  inform  the  Contractor  that  his  means 
of  transport  at  this  place  is  not  half  adequate  to  the  purpose. 

I  also  hope  and  trust  that  your  own  will  be  at  least  double 


r\ 


,1 


I 


I! 


LETTERS. 


I  :!. 


I    ' 


M< 


to  what  it  now  is  at  Greenville.    Wishing  you  a  speedy  and 

safe   arrival, 

I  am,  Sir,  your  most  obedient  and  humble  servant, 

AxTV.  Wavnk. 
[To  James  O'Haka,  O.  M.  General.] 

Headquakteks,  (ikEENViLLE,  July  26th,  1794. 
Sir: — Yesterday  I  received  ycurs,  dated  the  i  ith  June,  which 
I  presume  was  wrote  on  the  nth  inst.  Garner's  dispatches 
have  not  yet  come  to  hand.  I  have  no  objections  to  )our 
progress  in  procuring  Forage,  and  wish  it  all  safe  at  Fort 
Washington  ;  you  are  informed  before  this  time  of  the  ample 
state  of  our  granaries,  and  in  order  to  relieve  you  from  the 
trouble  of  forwarding  corn  in  the  dry  season,  you  will  please 
to  purchase  no  more  for  this  country  until  further  notice.  I 
wrote  you  on  the  14th  and  21st,  wherein  I  complain  of  want 
of  bags,  and  of  the  delay  of  Sundry  Articles  of  the  depart- 
ment, which  1  expect  will  be  remedied  as  soon  as  possible. 
My  calculation  respecting  the  volunteers  was  perfectly  right, 
upwards  of  1,500  are  now  actually  cooperating  with  the  Legion. 
General  Scott  arrived  yesterday,  and  a  forward  move  ■  :ill  be 
made  in  two  days.  Since  my  last  several  reconnoitering 
parties  have  returned  from  the  Towns.  Mr.  Wells,  one  of  our 
Spies,  and  his  small  party,  brought  in  a  Pocotawatomi,  who  was 
in  the  action  of  the  30th  June  ;  annexed  you  have  the  purport 
of  his  information;  he  was  taken  at  Grand  Glaize,  July  21st, 
1794,  and  being  examined,  says  that  by  every  account  of  the 
Delawares  from  Roche  de  Bout,  the  British  have  from  fifteen 
to  twenty  pieces  of  Cannon  at  that  place.  That  the  British 
called  upon  all  the  Indian  Nations  to  bring  on  all  their  warri- 
ors, and  that  they  would  bring  more  British  soldiers  than  they 
could  bring  Warriors  altogether.  This  was  one  moon  before 
the  action  at  Fort  Recovery.     The  Indians  having  prepared 


I.KTTEKS. 


and 


265 


for  war  told  the  British  to  raise  their  Strong  Arm  and  come 
on  ;  their  answer  was  to  proceed  and  go  on  before,  and  they 
would  wait  with  their  Strong  Arm  to  strike  the  Americans  who 
were  expected  to  come  the  other  way,  and  strike  them  in  the 
rear  after  the  Indians  would  go  to  the  war.     That  at  the  attack 
made  on  Fort  Recovery  on  the  30th  of  June,  there  were  of 
the  Shawnese  160  warriors,  Delawares  160,  Wyandots  130,  Six 
Nations  100,  Pocotawatomies  40,  Thawas  170,  Chippewas  7CX), 
Miamis  78,  ICel  River  8-86-1,654,  and  in  addition  to  them 
650  had  joined  them  after  they  were  beat.     Mathew  Elliot 
and  young  McKee,  a  British  officer,  brought  on  four  Matrosses 
and  Ammunition,  to  batter  the  Fort,  as  soon  as  they  could  find 
the  Cannon,  that  were  hid  by  the  Indians  after  General  St. 
Clair's  def'iat,  but  were  disappointed,  as  the  cannon  had  been 
taken  away.     That  the  great  man  of  Canada  ordered  them  to 
go  and  take  the  first  Fort  and  pass  on  and  take  all  to  the  river, 
to  overset  General  Wayne's  army  and  roll  them  into  the  Ohio. 
The  Indians  thought  their  numbers  equal  to  the  Task,  but 
were  soon  convinced  of  their  mistake.     He  cannot  tell  the 
number  of  Indians  killed  before  Fort  Recovery  ;  the  Indians 
carried  off  all  their  dead,  except  a  few  that  lay  too  near  the 
fort,  in  the  course  of  the  night  after  the  Assault.    He  only  saw 
of  the  killed  nine  Shawnese,  six  Pocotawatomies,  ten  Chippe- 
was, two  Wyandots  and  about  sixteen  Tawawas — the  latter 
suffered  most.    There  was  a  great  number  of  Wounded  carried 
off  on  horseback,  and  a  number  on  biers,  who  are  since  dead. 
The  Chippewas  and  Tawawas,  and  all  the  other  Nations  secrete 
their  dead,  nor  do  they  like  to  talk  of  them,  nor  let  one  nation 
know  how  many  another  had  lost.     The  Chippewas  and  Ta- 
wawas put  their  wounded  in  Boats  at  Grand  Glaize,  and  went 
off  immediately  by  water,  disgusted  and  angry  with  the  Shaw- 
nese, whom  they  suspected  of  having  fired  on  their  rear  whilst 
attacking  the  Fort,  they  were  jealous  of  the  other  Nations 
18 


ill 


I 


i 


i 


266 


LETTERS. 


:ll  ' 


'2 


and  all  the  other  Nations  were  jealous  of  them  in  consequence 
of  mutual  reproach  for  bad  conduct  durinp;  the  engagement. 

The  Shawnese,  Delavvares  and  Miamis  are  very  uneasy 
for  their  situation  ;  the  general  opinion  was  they  would  be 
obliged  to  abandon  their  Country,  as  they  cannot  expect  any 
further  assistance  from  the  Chijipewas  or  Tawawas ;  their 
attention  is  totally  absorbed  in  attending  to  the  safety  of  their 
women  and  children,  whom  they  were  determined  to  move 
off  (as  soon  as  the  army  advanced)  to  Detroit,  and  up  the  Bear 
Creek  branch  of  the  Miami. 

That  the  fort,  built  by  the  British  at  Roche  de  Bout,  is  a 
plain  Stockade,  comprehending  all  McKee's  houses  and  stores. 

l^eing  present  at  the  examination  of  this  prisoner,  I  am  of 
opinion  that  his  answers  to  the  General's  queries  were  very 
candid.  He  was  taken  within  sight  of  the  house  at  Au 
Glaize  ;  he  was  the  seventh  on  hand.  A  variety  of  circum- 
stances correspond  to  confirm  a  belief  that  the  Indians  must 
have  sustained  very  considerable  loss  in  Warriors.  Before  Fort 
Recovery  three  bodies  have  been  found  in  the  Woods,  making 
the  number  thirteen,  and  the  information  of  the  Pocotavvatami 
is  corroborated  in  some  measure  from  other  quarters.  My 
prospect  of  supporting  the  Quartermaster  Department  with 
general  approbation  are  very  flattering ;  the  Legion  and 
auxiliaries  are  in  good  spirits  and  well  supplied,  and  you  may 
be  perfectly  assured  that  we  shall  be  in  possession  of  Grand 
Glaize  and  Roche  de  Bout  before  the  15th  of  next  month. 

July  27th. — The  General  beats  to-morrow  morning  instead 
of  the  Reveille — the  whole  army  is  ready  to  move  in  the 
most  complete  order  at  sunrise,  and  you  may  expect  to  be 
informed  of  an  end  being  put  to  the  business  of  war  in  this 
quarter  and  of  Simcoe's*  retrograde  or  defeat  by  my  next 
letter.  I  am,  etc., 

James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 

*  Governor  of  Canada. 


LETTERS. 


267 


My 


It  is  a  fact  that  upwards  of  twenty  of  our  Chickasaws  fell 
in  with  the  rear  of  the  enemy  and  killed  a  number  undis- 
covered. 
[To  Isaac  Ckak;,  Ksq.,  July  26,  1794.] 

llKAnyuAUTKKs,  Gkani)  Gi.aizk,  Sept.  11,  1794. 

Sir: — The  enclosed  letter  to  Elliot  &  Williams,  with  its 
enclosures  will  show  you  the  present  disagreeable  and  criti- 
cal situation  of  the  army,  and  the  measures  that  I  have  been 
compelled  to  adopt,  in  order  to  hold  possession  of  the  country 
and  prevent  a  famine. 

After  perusing  those  letters,  which  are  necessary  for  your 
nformation,  you  will  seal  and  deliver  them  to  Mr.  l^Uiot.  I 
much  fear  that  he  has  been  deceived  by  his  Agents  as  to  Cattle,. 
Horses,  etc.;  if  upon  a  free  communication  with  him  you  find 
this  to  be  the  case  and  that  he  cannot  throw  in  the  supplies- 
demanded,  in  the  course  of  four  weeks  from  and  after  the 
lOth  instant,  you  are  then,  in  behalf  of  the  United  States,  to- 
make  the  necessary  purchases  of  Cattle,  Horses,  etc.,  in  order 
to  supply  the  defect,  of  which  you  will  keep  a  separate  and 
fair  account,  to  be  settled  at  the  treasury  with  the  Contractors, 
at  a  future  day.  In  the  interim  you  will  forward  as  great  a 
quantity  of  whiskey  as  practicable,  as  the  public  are  greatly 
in  arrears  with  the  Legion,  and  volunteers  with  the  Legion 
in  particular,  who  have  been  on  half  allowance  of  flour  for 
five  weeks  past  and  for  these  fifteen  days  on  constant  fatigue  im 
rendering  Fort  Defiance  impregnable  to  the  force  of  Artillery 
and  for  which  I  have  promised  them,  by  way  of  a  small  com- 
pensation, one  gill  of  whiskey  per  diem  per  man,  when  on 
this  necessary  fatigue  and  on  short  allowance. 

I  expect  to  march  from  this  place  on  the  13th  and  to  reach 
the  Miami  village  on  the  i8th,  in  the  evening,  if  not 
attacked  by  the  combined  force  of  the  Enemy,  whose  long 


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268 


LETTERS. 


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silence  and  great  prospects  of  a  powerful  re-inforcement  from 
the  Lakes  renders  that  event  not  improbable,  add  to  this 
that  our  force  will  be  much  reduced  by  the  absence  of  Gene- 
ral Barbee's  brigade  and  the  garrison  of  Defiance ;  we  shall, 
however,  push  hard  for  victory. 

Interim,  I  am  your  most 
Hum.  serv't., 

Antv.  Wavne. 
[Col.  James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G.] 

Fort  Washington,  Oct.  i6, 1794. 

Sir: — I  had  the  honor  to  write  you  from  Greenville  by  Cap- 
tain Gibson  on  the  i8th,  informing  your  Excellency  of  my 
great  disappointment  in  finding  the  Horses  on  the  way  to  Head- 
quarters, to  be  under  the  one-fourth  part  of  the  number  ex- 
pected. General  Barbee  having  but  38  instead  of  300,  and 
only  144  by  Captain  Gibson,  instead  of  400  as  reported  to 
you,  on  the  9th  by  Express  and  of  the  surprising  deficiency  of 
flour  at  Greenville,  being  44,000  Rations  instead  of  120,000,  by 
the  same  report.  At  Fort  Hamilton  the  state  of  the  Wagons 
was  as  suspected,  not  one  to  be  found,  nor  the  least  informa- 
tion respecting  them. 

On  my  arrival  here  yesterday  morning  I  met  Mr.  George 
Wilson,  the  Contractor's  principal  agent,  setting  out  for  Head- 
quarters, and  wasted  the  remainder  of  the  day  in  prevailing 
on  him  to  postpone  this  extraordinary  journey,  and  in  fruit- 
less Altercations  Notwithstanding  the  most  liberal,  pointed 
and  repeated  orders  from  Mr.  Elliot,  and  the  most  solemn 
promises  on  his  part,  to  have  500  Pack-horses  at  this  place  on 
the  1st  instant,  to  continue  purchasing  until  further  orders, 
and  to  have  1200  Head  of  Cattle  on  the  15th.  He  has  deceived 
his  employers  and  involved  the  Army  in  a  very  serious  scene 
indeed.     He  has  not  one  Beef  nor  satisfactory  information 


I 


LETTERS. 


269 


it  from 

to  this 

Gene- 

shall, 


respecting  any,  and  only  one  hundred  Horses  at  this  place  ; 
and  his  apologies  are  if  possible  more  criminal  than  his 
delinquencies.  He  asserts,  that  he  had  received  neither 
instructions  nor  funds  for  any  such  purposes.  That  the  con- 
tractor's bill  had  not  credit.  That  Banknotes  would  not  pass. 
That  the  price  of  Horses  was  too  high,  and  on  each  of  these 
ungenerous  subterfuges  being  clearly  confuted  by  my  certain 
knowledge  of  the  reverse,  and  after  my  offer  of  money  and 
personal  assistance  to  support  the  Contract  agreeable  to  your 
requisitions,  he  concluded  by  declaring  that  the  Horses  could 
not  be  got  in  the  state  of  Kentucky  by  any  means  whatever. 
The  most  favorable  construction  that  can  be  put  on  this  man's 
conduct  is,  that  he  has  fallen  into  the  fashionable  error  of 
thinking  for  others,  and  that  the  Army  must  return  to  Fort 
Hamilton  and  this  Post,  but  his  arrangements  are  deficient 
even  in  this  case.  On  perceiving  that  I  had  determined  to  have 
five  hundred  Horses  immediately  brought  forward  for  the  Con- 
tractors, Mr.  Wilson  offered  his  service  and  actually  promised 
to  procure  them  in  fourteen  days,  or,  "  in  as  short  time  as  any 
man  living  could." 

This  inconsistency  induced  me  to  inform  him  that  he 
could  no  longer  be  confided  in,  being  alone  culpable  for  all  the 
consequences  of  his  deception  and  neglect.  An  Express  was 
dispatched  on  my  arrival  to  forward  a  number  of  cattle,  said 
to  be  at  George  Town.  I  shall  receive  two  hundred  horses  on 
the  1 8th  which  shall  be  kept  in  motion ;  the  purchase  of  these 
Horses  was  deferred,  that  they  might  not  interfere  with  the 
first  purchase  ordered  by  the  Contractors.  One  hundred  were 
this  day  collected  and  sent  to  load  at  Hamilton,  to  proceed  to 
Headquarters ;  this  is  all  the  visible  means  of  assistance  in 
my  power  at  present,  but  I  beg  you  to  be  perfectly  assured  that 
not  one  moment  shall  be  omitted  in  removing  your  present 
Anxiety — of  which  I  am  very  sensible — and  of  relieving  my- 


I  ■    '1 

I 


V: 


•>£»«tv:wu.»': 


I    '   .! 


270 


LETTERS. 


self  from  very  uncommon  perplexity.  The  wagons  I  have 
engaged  to  load  and  start  from  Hamilton  op  the  20th,  having 
ensured  them  regular  Escorts. 

In  order  to  keep  the  business  of  the  contract  as  separate 
from  my  department  as  possible,  I  have  furnished  Mr.  Wilson 
with  money  to  assist  my  Agents  in  the  purchase  of  five  hun- 
dred Horses  for  the  Contractors,  and  have  instructed  them  in 
such  a  manner  as  cannot  fail  of  success. 

Mr.  Samuel  Culberson,  one  of  the  Contractor's  agents,  has 
charge  of  the  horses  now  setting  off.  I  expect  he  will  be  at 
Recovery  on  the  22d,  and  will  give  you  all  the  candid  infor- 
mation in  his  power,  relating  to  the  subject  of  this  letter,  hav- 
ing heard  the  disputes  and  equivocations  to  which  it  alludes. 
The  state  of  provisions  at  the  different  Posts  were  October 
1 2th,  at  Fort  Adams,  600  lbs.  flour,  and  2  head  of  cattle.  At 
Fort  Recovery,  as  stated  by  Lieut.  Drake,  Oct.  13th,  at  Green- 
ville, 720  lbs.  flour  and  20  cattle.  At  Fort  St.  Clair,  48  bbls. 
of  flour,  30  lbs.  of  beef.  14th,  at  Fort  Hamilton,  3,500  bar- 
rels and  1,300  kegs  flour.  The  15th,  at  Fort  Washington,  1,000 
barrels  of  flour  and  40  barrels  salt. 

I  am  Sir,  Obt.  Hbl.  Servt. 
James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 
[His  Excellency  the  Commander-in-Chief.] 


;i  ^■ 


Headquarters,  Miami  Villages,  October  17,  1794, 

Messrs.  Elliot  and  Williams. 

Gentlemen : — As  contractors  for  supplying  the  Legion  and 
the  Western  posts,  you  are  to  make  immediate  and  effectual 
provision  for  3,640  daily  issues  of  complete  rations  until  the 
first  day  of  January,  1795,  inclusively  of  327,600  rations  of  good 
and  wholesome  provisions  always  in  advance.  The  meat  kind 
to  be  well  and  carefully  salted  and  cured  and  the  whole  properly 


LETTERS. 


271 


I  have 
having 


housed  and  stored  in  the  following  proportions,  places  and 
deposits,  viz. : 

1st  at  Fort  Washington 

2d   at  Fort  Steuben  . 

3d   at  Fort  Massac    . 

4th  at  Fort  Knox 

5th  at  Fort  Hamilton 

6th  at  Fort  St.  Clair  . 

7th  at  Fort  Jefferson 

8th  at  Greenville 

9th  at  Fort  Recovery 
loth  at  Fort  Adams     . 
I  ith  at  the  Miami  Villages 
1 2th  at  Fort  Defiance  (Grand  Glaize) 
13th  at  Pique  Town,  (Chilacothe) 
14th  at  Lormies'  Stores,  N.  Branch 
iSth  at  the  old  Tawa  towns 

Au  Glaize    .        . 

Total  3,640  daily  issues,  and  in  advance  327,600. 

You  will  please  to  observe  that  none  of  the  posts  on  the 
waters  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  Ohio  are  mentioned,  because 
the  late  commotions  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh  may 
eventually  occasion  material  alterations,  therefore,  you  will 
receive  orders  from  the  Secretary  of  War  with  respect  to 
rations  at  those  posts.  The  season  for  curing  provisions 
being  now  arrived,  you  have  not  one  moment  to  lose  in 
making  the  necessary  arrangements.  The  general  interest  of 
the  United  States,  the  security  of  the  Frontier  Inhabitants 
and  the  retention  of  the  posts  and  country  we  have  recently 
acquired,  as  well  as  your  own  interest  and  reputation,  depend 
upon  your  punctual  and  faithful  compliance  with  these  orders 


Daily 
Issues. 

Rations 

300 

27,000 

100 

9,000 

100 

9,000 

100 

9,000 

100 

9,000 

60 

S.400 

60 

5,400 

1,500 

135,000 

100 

9,000 

60 

5,400 

— 

54,000 

— 

2,700 

100 

900 

60 

5,400 

100 

— 

100 

9,000 

ku 


P-* 

I '  ' . 

f       M 

i       ■ 

^  :■  i  1 

272 


LETTERS. 


k  ^  f  i 


and  instructions.  Hence  I  have  thought  it  my  duty  to  direct 
and  order  the  Quartermaster-General,  Colonel  O'Hara,  to 
supply  any  defect  that  may  appear  or  happen  upon  your  part 
and  at  your  expense  in  behalf  of  the  United  States,  to  be 
settled  at  the  Treasury  at  a  future  day ;  and  he  is  furnished 
with  a  copy  of  this  letter  accordingly.  With  a  sincere  hope, 
wish  and  desire  that  you  may  be  able  to  comply  with  those 
orders  in  due  season, 

I  am,  gentlemen. 
Your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

Anthonv  Wayne. 

Camp  Site  of  the  Miami  Villages,  October  18,  1794. 
Sir: — I  have  a  moment  only  in  which  to  inclose  a  return  of 
the  provisions  on  hand  this  day  and  to  tell  you  that  Laselles' 
brother  has  been  here  and  carried  him  off  yesterday.  I 
received  him  in  the  double  Capacity  of  Spy  and  negotiator, 
being  suffered  to  go  at  large.  He  witnessed  the  retreat  of 
the  volunteers  and  reconnoitered  our  Camp  and  fortifications. 
He  gave  us  much  good  talk  with  apparent  sincerity  and  is 
sanguine  in  his  expectations  of  peace.  The  great  exception 
which  I  make  to  him  is  on  the  score  of  his  talks,  which  were 
all  too  good.  The  strongest  circumstance  picked  out  of  him 
was  that  Simcoe,  McKee  and  Brandt,  with  !00  Mohawks, 
landed  at  the  post  Miami  on  the  30th  inst.,  direct  from 
Niagara,  and  proceeded  from  thence  with  all  the  chiefs  of 
this  route  to  a  grand  Council  now  acting  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Strait.  Of  what  is  this  indicative .'  Peace  or  War  ?  I  say  the 
latter,  else  why  Brandt  and  his  warriors.  It  appears  to  me 
that  the  pursuit  of  Peace  by  this  route  is  not  only  enormously 
expensive  but  will  eventuate  in  disappointment.  Recollect 
that  the  transport  of  Army  supplies  by  land  has  its  limit, 
beyond  which  practicability  ceases,  and  that  the  savages  have 


"  ^   i 


LETTERS. 


273 


behind  them  great  space  in  which  to  retire  before  us.  It 
would  in  two  years  produce  a  saving  of  one  million  of  dollars 
and  secure  the  object  sought,  did  the  government  now  deter- 
mine to  abandon  this  Route  and  put  their  whole  force  by 
Presqu'  isle.  You  may  have  peace  by  the  mediation  of  the 
British  or  by  expelling  them  from  the  territory  of  the  Miami. 
This  last  is  the  only  mode  in  which  to  break  the  shackles  in 
which  the  savages  are  now  held.  Here  are  some  crude  ideas 
for  you  and  how  do  you  like  them  ?  I  will  thank  you  very 
much  if  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  order  six  tons  of  good  Hay 
to  be  procured  for  me. 

Dear  .sir,  yours,         J.  Wilkinson. 
[Colonel  O'Hara.] 


Headquarters,  Miami  Villages,  October  10,  1794. 
Sir: — The  unfortunate  death  of  Mr.  Robert  Elliott,  the  act- 
ing contractor  at  this  crisis,  will  render  more  defective  and 
greatly  derange  that  department,  already  but  too  defective 
and  deranged;  so  much  so  as  to  hold  up  nothing  but  famine 
to  the  army  and  the  western  Posts.  Under  this  alarming 
situation  and  circumstance  and  the  pressure  of  famine  hard 
upon  us,  it  becomes  my  duty  to  remedy  those  defects  without 
a  single  moment's  loss  of  time  in  the  best  manner  possible. 
You  will  therefore  proceed  to  Fort  Washington  immediately, 
visiting  the  respective  Posts  on  the  way,  taking  an  invoice  of 
•  the  stores  belonging  to  the  Contractors  at  each  place  and  at 
Fort  Washington,  together  with  the  means  of  transport,  for- 
warding without  a  moment's  delay  as  great  a  supply  of  flour, 
salt  and  cattle  as  every  means  of  transport  in  your  own  de- 
partment, as  well  as  that  of  the  contractors  will  enable  you 
to  do,  for  which  purpose  I  have  ordered  a  detachment  of 
Dragoons  and  riflemen  under  the  command  of  Captain  Gibson 
as  far  as  Greenville  to  escort  the  convoy  to  this  place.    You 


1; 


■•^ 


:.Mmfffiiii:::,rfSi'fi^:Mf'»m^tr^ 


ii;.^i::.k"-**.-***' 


374 


LETTERS. 


;!•!( 

"i;^ 


<  i^i 


are  not  unacquainted  with  the  small  stock  and  state  of  pro- 
visions at  this  place — say,  eight  days'  rations  only,  hence  the 
indispensable  necessity  of  dispatch.  I  will  furnish  you  with 
a  particular  list  of  Posts  and  the  quantum  of  supplies  re- 
quisite for  each  by  the  first  favorable  opportunity ;  and  for 
the  present  only  mention  in  gross  the  rations  necessary  for 
the  army  from  Fort  Washington  to  the  head  of  the  line  until 
the  first  of  April  next,  viz.,  555,000  complete  rations,  which 
will  be  three  months  in  advance,  exclusive  of  the  daily  issues ; 
but  should  the  Legion  be  completed,  it  will  require  at  least 
800,000  rations  up  to  that  day,  by  which  time  it  is  to  be  pre- 
sumed proper  arrangements  will  be  made  at  the  treasury  for 
the  regular  supply  of  the  Army.  You  will  please  to  keep  fair 
and  particular  accounts  with  the  Contractors  in  behalf  of  the 
public  of  all  expenditures  made  for  the  supply  of  this  Army, 
and  if  upon  obtaining  all  the  returns  or  invoices  of  provisions 
and  stores  belonging  to  the  contractors  from  this  Post  to  Fort 
Washington,  inclusive,  you  should  find  any  deficiency,  you 
are  immediately  to  supply  the  defect  by  purchase  of  horses, 
cattle,  flour,  etc.,  as  may  be  found  deficient  in  the  Contractor's 
department,  which  you  will  make  in  behalf  of  the  public  and 
for  which  this  shall  be  your  warrant.  You  will  please  to  con- 
sult with  the  Contractor's  principal  agent  upon  this  interest- 
ing subject  and  show  him  their  instructions,  offering  him  at 
the  same  time  every  assistance  in  your  power  to  enable  him 
to  comply  with  the  Contract  of  his  principals,  but  you  are  not 
to  relax  in  obtaining  the  supplies  whenever  you  discover  a  de- 
ficiency; let  me  hear  from  you  upon  this  interesting  subject 
the  soonest  possible. 

Wishing  you  every  possible  success,  I  am  with  sincere 
esteem, 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

Anthonv  Wayne. 
[Colonel  James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G.] 


TmifiS'l^^ff^Sir^'^' 


LETTERS. 


275 


Cincinnati,  October  23,  1794. 
Sir: — I  had  the  Honor  to  write  you  on  the  17th,  by  Pierce 
&  Butler  Express,  informing  your  Excellency  of  the  state  I 
found  the  business  of  the  Contractors  on  my  arrival  here, 
and  my  prospects  of  further  supplies  for  the  Army,  which  I 
hope  you  received.  I  shall  have  200  very  good  Horses  start 
this  morning  for  Greenville  with  corn,  100  of  the  Contractors 
with  flour,  and  upwards  of  100  beeves,  purchased  by  Mr. 
Wilson  on  his  way  to  Kentucky,  having  yet  heard  of  no  part 
of  his  former  purchases  being  on  the  way.  Enclosed  you  have 
part  of  the  correspondence  that  took  place  with  the  agent  of 
the  Contractors  on  his  departure  to  Kentucky,  by  which  you 
will  perceive  the  difficulty  that  subsists  in  transacting  this 
business,  and  of  my  arrangements  for  forcing  forward  the 
provisions.  Mr.  Day  is  the  only  agent  present,  he  generally 
answers  all  my  inquiries  and  requisitions  by  sublime  stric- 
tures on  men  and  measures,  he  writes  to  your  Excellency  by 
this  opportunity.  The  clothing  ordered  on  the  4th  is  safely 
arrived  and  stored  at  P'ort  Hamilton,  in  complete  order,  and 
the  whole  may  be  taken  to  Greenville  by  the  wagons  next 
trip,  being  in  all  thirty-three  loads  at  i,Scx)  each.  Should  your 
Excellency  approve  of  this  most  convenient  and  speedy 
method  of  transporting  the  clothing,  the  return  of  the 
wagons  must  be  engaged  by  the  Quartermaster,  and  such 
escort  as  you  may  please  to  order,  made  known  to  the  owner ; 
this  will  not  be  interfering  with  the  business  of  the  con- 
tractors, being  of  the  terms  agreed  on  between  Mr.  Elliott 
and  myself  on  their  second  trip  from  Hamilton,  As  the  Beef 
ordered  for  the  Miami  village  and  for  Fort  Defiance,  which 
will  require  300  head,  is  not  ready,  nor  a  sufficient  number  of 
Horses,  which  ought  to  be  400,  and  as  I  presume  your  Excel- 
lency intends  that  the  whole  should  go  under  one  escort,  I 
have  directed  the  public  horses  to  return  to  Fort  Hamilton 


I!     ™ 


-  •■■•  ■■■^  -.. 


J I 


I 


i  Ai 


:.     T'. 


276 


LETTERS. 


for  another  Cargo  of  Corn,  the  contractors  may  load  with  flour 
until  the  Cattle  arrives.  The  Contractors  have  at  this 
moment  about  300  Horses  on  the  line  fit  for  service,  should 
it  appear  to  you  that  the  number  of  500  ordered  in  addition, 
is  more  than  will  be  necessary  I  beg  to  be  informed,  as  the 
purchase  may  yet  be  curtailed,  and.be  assured  that  your 
further  orders  shall  be  most  cheerfully  executed. 

I  am  with  sincere  esteem. 
Your  Excellency's  obedient  servant, 
James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 


VXi 


Cincinnati,  October  29,  1794. 

Sir: — I  received  yours  of  the  i8th  with  packet  for  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  and  for  the  Contractor,  late  last  evening,  by  a 
Sergeant  of  Dragoons,  who  cannot  account  for  the  uncommon 
delay  of  those  dispatches,  which  I  apprehend  will  in  some 
measure  interfere  with  your  Excellency's  orders  respecting 
the  convoy  that  ought  to  advance  from  Greenville  by  the 
route  of  Girty's  Town ;  however,  I  am  in  hopes  that  Major 
Buell  has  received  your  instructions  in  due  time  to  support 
that  arrangement. 

I  had  the  honor  to  write  you  on  the  17th  by  Butler  &  Pierce, 
and  on  the  23d  by  Campbell  Express  from  this  place,  and 
having  heard  of  neither  since  their  departure,  I  enclose  you 
a  copy  of  my  last,  no  material  addition  being  since  made, 
either  in  beef  or  means  of  transportation.  You  have  enclosed 
a  copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  George  Wilson,  the  Contractor's 
agent,  dated  on  the  20th,  at  Lexington.  The  cattle  and 
horses  promised  by  this  letter  are  yet  expected,  one  small 
drove  of  Cattle  having  only  arrived  on  the  23d,  which  joined 
those  mentioned  in  my  letter  of  that  date.  He  is  mistaken 
in  his  statement  of  the  numbe»  of  horses  on  hand  the  17th 
instant,  fit  for  service,  which  Mr.  Culberson,  Superintendent 
of  the  Contractor's  horses,  can  clearly  explain. 


^.H-f  .m... 


LKTTEKS. 


271 


The  mysterious  and  obstinate  conduct  of  the  Contractor's 
agent,  and  of  Mr.  Day  in  particular,  who  has  assumed  the 
sole  control  of  that  department,  renders  my  present  situation 
extremely  disagreeable  and  delicate.  It  appears  very  evident 
that  he  wishes  no  supplies  to  be  furnished  in  front  of  Fort 
Hamilton  ;  he  on  the  most  ungenerous,  ill-founded  and  avowed 
prejudices,  not  only  refuses  to  give  the  least  information 
respecting  his  arrangements  and  prospects,but  also  endeavors 
to  move  on  such  supplies  as  were  in  his  power,  without  my 
knowledge,  and  consequently  irregular  ;  protesting  against  all 
interference  that  has  been  or  may  be  attempted,  relative  to 
the  business  ol  the  contract,  and  instructs  others  to  do  so 
likewise.  I  take  the  liberty  of  annexing  an  extract  of  his 
orders  to  Mr.  Carousay,  Agent  and  Commissary  at  h'ort  Ham- 
ilton, per  example : 

"  Remember  well  that  if  no  Arrangement  is  made  in  writing 
by  Mr.  Elliott,  signed  for  that  purpose  by  his  own  hand,  you 
are  not  to  suffer  a  wagon  to  carry  Whiskey  for  any  man  ;  nor 
are  you  on  any  pretence  whatever  to  make  any  arrangement 
with  the  Quartermaster-General  or  any  one  of  that  depart- 
ment ;  each  Department  takes  its  chance."  The  teams  here 
alluded  to  are  the  private  property  of  the  people  who  drive 
them,  who  had  (as  you  have  been  already  informed)  quit  car- 
rying to  Greenville,  and  were  dispersed  before  my  arrival  here 
on  the  1 5th,  and  were  prevailed  on  by  my  interference  to 
rejoin  that  business.  In  order  to  accommodate  the  contrac- 
tors, and  prevent  disorder  in  engaging  the  teams  (then  up- 
wards of  sixty  in  number),  I  had  made  a  former  agreement 
with  Mr.  Elliott,  that  the  whole  should  be  employed  in  their 
name,  reserving  a  right  to  load  ten  each  trip  from  Fort  Ham- 
ilton, and  to  have  the  one-half  for  one  trip  only  if  it  should  be 
necessary,  an  order  in  Mr.  Elliott's  handwriting;,  directing 
Mr.  Carousay  to  have  the  number  mentioned  given,  for  use 


I, 


i 


278 


LETTERS. 


M 


I  ! 


lir.  1 


of  the  public,  was  last  evening  presented  to  Mr.  Day,  but  was 
not  sufficiently  explicit  to  justify  his  permitting  "  the  thing  to 
be  done."  As  Mr.  Day  must  be  convinced  that  all  the  wagons 
employed  might  be  immediately  engaged  by  the  (Quarter- 
master, it  must  also  be  his  object,  in  order  to  add  to  his  cata- 
logue another  apology  for  the  deficiencies  at  the  outposts. 
As  this  is  their  principal  mode  of  transporting  flour  at  present, 
I  shall  give  up  my  claim  to  any  part  of  the  teams,  and  en- 
deavor at  the  same  time  to  prevent  any  ill  consequences 
from  attending  the  disappointment  of  the  department.  Your 
Excellency's  letter  of  the  17th  instant,  containing  your  orders 
to  the  contractors,  requiring  supplies  of  provisions  for  the 
different  posts,  was  handed  to  Mr.  Day  last  evening,  a  copy  of 
which  I  had  received  enclosed.  I  am  not  yet  informed  whether 
these  orders  are  transmitted  to  Mr.  Wilson  or  not,  but  this 
must  be  done.  I  have  not  received  any  further  information 
respecting  the  invalid  Dragoon  Horses,  but  shall  certainly 
attend  to  your  orders  on  that  point  without  delay.  I  have 
procured  good  pasture  and  forage  at  Columbia,  in  order  to 
have  them  recruited,  and  shall  dispose  of  them  as  may  be 
judged  most  beneficial  to  the  public  and  to  the  service.  Your 
Excellency's  orders  respecting  the  escort  are  very  agreeable, 
and  will  be  properly  applied.  I  now  wait  for  the  waters  to 
rise  to  carry  your  very  eligible  plan  of  navigating  the  Miami 
to  the  Picquee  Town  into  execution.  Should  this  soon  take 
place,  the  clothing  being  in  handkerchiefs  and  large  bales, 
may  be  transported  in  that  way.  Should  it  meet  your  appro- 
bation, and  having  directed  the  public  teams  to  be  filled  up, 
they  may  be  employed  from  Greenville  to  the  landing  to  the 
best  advantage. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  etc., 

James  O'Haka,  Q.  M.  G. 


'  1 


I.KTTKRS. 


279 


Cincinnati,  November  2,  1794. 

Sir; — Enclosed  you  will  receive  further  fair  promises  from 
Mr.  Wilson.  All  communication  with  Mr.  Day  on  public 
business  being  at  an  end,  I  cannot  give  the  least  information 
respecting  the  state  of  the  provisions  on  the  way,  but  I  appre- 
hend it  remains,  as  I  have  endeavoured  to  represent  to  your 
E.xcellency  by  my  letters  of  the  23d  and  30th  ultimo. 

The  Horses  ordered  to  be  purchased  in  Kentucky  will  cer- 
t.ainly  be  on  very  soon,  and  if  any  faith  or  credit  remain  due 
to  the  positive  language  of  Mr.  Wilson's  enclosed  letter,  a 
large  drove  of  Cattle  must  be  also  on,  and  shall  move  forward 
without  loss  of  time. 

By  letters  from  Pittsburgh  I  find  that  John  Wilkins  &  Co. 
are  the  Contractors  for  ne.xt  year,  the  provision  to  be  deliv- 
ered at  Fort  Pitt  and  Washington,  of  which  I  e.xpect  you  are 
officially  informed.  This  circum.stance  I  hope  will  be  a  means 
of  relieving  me  from  a  situation  which  has  become  intolerable, 
as  the  new  contractors  may  operate  with  the  old  if  necessary, 
especially  after  the  first  of  January.  The  prospect  of  navi- 
gating the  Miami  has  become  very  fair  by  the  present  cloudy 
appearance  of  the  weather,  and  will  be  attempted  as  soon  as 
an  escort  will  be  ready  for  that  purpose. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Your  Excellency's  most  obedient  and  humble  servant, 

JAME.S  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 
[The  Commander-in-Chiek.] 

Fort  Washington,  November  8,  1794. 
Sir: — I  had  the  pleasure  to  write  you  on  the  2d  inst.,  cover- 
ing a  letter  of  Mr.  George  Wilson's  from  Lexington,  con- 
taining a  flattering  prospect  of  an  immediate  supply  of  Beef, 
which  has  not  yet  arrived.  I  have  a  number  of  boats  now 
under  way  for  Still  Water,  loaded  with  Corn  and  Whiskey ; 


I 


aSo 


LETTERS. 


m 


i  u. 


It 


PI 


V,. 

I 


if 


they  are  bound  to  tal; ,  in  the  clothing  at  Fort  Hamilton 
should  your  Excellency  please  to  order  it  on  that  way.  The 
whole  will  rendezvous  at  that  Post  in  four  or  five  days,  and 
must  there  wait  your  pleasure  respecting  the  clothing  and 
such  escort  as  you  may  please  to  order. 

Should  the  difficulty  of  transporting  the  clothing  from  the 
mouth  of  Still  Water  to  Greenville  (which  will  require  thirty 
wagons)  induce  you  to  defer  ordering  it  by  water,  the  private 
team  may  be  engaged  as  proposed  by  my  letter  of  the  23d. 
On  their  arrival  at  Headquarters,  which  will  be  about  the 
17th,  the  corn,  being  very  portable,  may  go  on ;  an  extra 
escort  will  be  wanted  even  then,  which  I  hope  will  be 
at  Fort  Hamilton  soon  as  possible  or  orders  for  the  quarter- 
master to  have  the  boats  immediately  discharged.  I  expect 
ihe  honor  of  writing  you  with  more  satisfaction  in  a  few  days. 
I  am.  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  humble  servant, 
James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G. 
[His  Excellenxv  the  Commander-in-Chief,] 

Camp,  Rostra ve  Township,  November  8,  1794. 
Sir: — Information  has  been  received  that  Mr.  Elliott,  one  of 
the  Contractors,  has  been  lately  killed  by  the  Savages ;  and 
Mr.  Williams,  his  partner,  has  represented  that  this,  without 
the  aid  of  your  department,  may  embarrass  the  measures  for 
f'lrnishing  and  forwarding  the  supplies  required  by  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief. As  it  is  all-important  that  these  supplies 
should  be  duly  furnished  and  conveyed  to  the  respective 
posts,  I  must  request  and  advise  that  you  will  co-operate  in 
the  article  of  transportation  as  far  as  may  be  necessary.  For 
this  purpose  you  will  understand  yourself  with  the  Agents  of 
the  Contractors,  ascertain  what  they  can  or  cannot  do,  and 
endeavor  to  supply  what   may  be  deficient.     In  doing  this 


LETTERS. 


281 


you  will,  of  course,  keep  and  furnish  such  a  record  and  state- 
ment of  the  aid  you  give  as  will  enable  the  United  States  to 
make  the  proper  charges  against  the  Contractors,  who  are 
bound  by  their  contract  to  transport  as  well  as  to  procure  and 
issue  the  provisions.  It  is  understood  that  in  the  course 
of  the  Campaign  similar  aids  have  been,  from  time  to  time, 
given  by  your  department.  Of  these,  also,  the  Treasury 
ought  to  have  as  accurate  a  view  as  is  practicable ;  otherwise 
the  public  will  have  to  pay  doubly  for  transportation — first  in 
the  price  of  the  rations  to  the  contractors,  and  secondly,  in 
the  expense  of  that  which  you  furnish  in  aid  of  them. 

With  consideration,  etc.,  I  am,  your  obt.  servant, 

Alkxander  Hamilton. 
(James  O'Haka,  Esq.,  Quartermaster-General.] 


Fort  Washington,  November  g,  1794. 

Sir; — I  am  honored  by  yours  of  the  6th  instant,  and  highly 
flattered  by  that  polite  testimony  of  your  Excellency's  approba- 
tion of  my  conduct  respecting  the  supplies  for  the  Legion. 

I  wrote  you  on  the  8th,  by  Express,  and  have  now  the  pleas- 
ure to  inform  you  that,  on  or  before  the  14th,  six  hundred 
Horses  of  the  two  departments,  one  hundred  and  sixty  Cattle, 
and  salt  sufficient  for  the  advanced  Posts,  will  be  at  Green- 
ville. I  sent  an  Express  into  Kentucky  yesterday,  and,  at  his 
return,  two  hundred  fresh  Horses  shall  set  off  from  this  place, 
and  good  information,  at  least,  relative  to  further  supply  of 
Beef.  Ten  Boats  will  be  at  Hamilton,  on  the  12th,  loaded 
with  corn,  flour  and  whiskey  for  Still  Water.  The  private 
teams  start  to-morrow,  entirely  loaded  with  flour  for  Head 
Quarters.  The  clothing  may  be  transported,  by  either  land 
or  water,  by  next  return,  as  you  will  please  to  order.  I  hope 
those  arrangements  will  enable  your  Excellency,  at  length, 
to  have  the  advanced  posts  furnished  with  provisions  agree- 
19 


282 


LETTERS. 


Si    f' 


fe  ■ 


■i 


M 


J 


able  to  your  former  orders ;  the  flour  for  Head  Quarters, 
Jefferson  and  St.  Clair,  will  be  complete  in  a  short  time. 
I  am,  Sir,  your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

James  O'Hara. 
[His  Excellency  the  Commander-in-Chiee.] 


FROM  HIS  EXCELLENCY  ANTHONY  WAYNE. 
[To  Coi.oNKL  James  O'Hara.] 

Headquarters,  Greenville,  Nov.  14,  1794. 

Sir: — I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  several 
letters  of  the  3,  8,  9  inst.,  with  enclosures  ;  and  am  happy  to 
find  that  your  perseverance  and  decision  have  at  last  put  the 
contractor's  department  into  operation.  Upon  the  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  8th  inst.,  I  ordered  a  detachment  under 
Captain  Bradley  to  proceed  to  Hamilton  as  an  escort  to  the 
boats  and  sent  Captain  Shrimm  to  the  confluence  of  the 
Stillwater  with  Greenville  creek  in  order  to  determine  the 
state  of  the  water,  which  he  found  to  be  eighteen  inches 
lower  than  it  was  last  spring  at  the  place  where  the  boats 
unloaded,  and  that  it  was  impracticable  for  them  to  get  to 
that  place  until  a  rise  of  water — in  fact  I  suspected  that 
was  the  case,  because  when  we  crossed  Stillwater  on  Hartz- 
horn's  road  on  the  2d  inst.,  it  was  lower  than  I  had  ever  seen 
it,  nor  was  this  creek  much  raised  although  the  St.  Mary's 
had  overflowed  its  banks  and  was  swimming  to  the  horses 
and  detachment  that  escorted  the  cattle  to  the  Miami  vil- 
lages at  the  usual  crossing  place  between  that  Post  and  Fort 
Recovery  on  the  6th  inst. ;  so  that  it  is  now  reduced  to  a 
certainty  that  supplies  may  be  transported  by  water  from 
Girty's  Town  to  Forts  Wayne  and  Defiance  in  boats  carrying 
fifty  or  sixty  barrels,  built  in  the  form  of  the  Adventurer, 


LETTERS. 


283 


which  was  sent  from  the  Miami  villages  to  Grand  Glaize.  I 
therefore  wish  you  to  have  at  least  one  dozen  built  after  that 
construction  and  sent  uploaded  to  Fort  Hamilton, from  whence 
they  may  proceed  at  a  proper  season  to  Lormies'  stores  and 
be  transported  on  waggons  to  the  St.  Mary's  along  a  fine,  dry, 
level  road,  not  exceeding  ten  miles  distant,  when  they  may 
be  reloaded  and  proceed  on  their  voyage  to  the  aforesaid 
Posts.  It  was  on  waggons  that  we  transported  our  pontoons 
or  boats  for  the  purpose  of  crossing  the  Delaware  and  North 
River  during  the  late  war — one  of  those  pontoons  would 
have  carried  an  hundred  or  more  barrels.  I  have  ordered 
the  boats  to  be  unloaded  at  Hamilton  and  sent  back  to 
Washington.  I  think  it's  more  than  probable  by  the  time 
they  return  to  Hamilton  the  creek  will  be  in  a  proper  state 
of  navigation ;  at  least  it  was  the  case  in  the  latter  end  of 
last  November — which,  from  present  appearances,  ^ill  again 
be  the  case  about  the  change  of  the  moon,  say  on  the  20th  or 
25th  inst.  The  clothing  will  be  ordered  on  by  the  by  the  next 
return  of  the  wagons,  and  for  which  a  proper  escort  will  be 
furnished. 

I  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  Charles  Wilkins,  dated  Lexing- 
ton, November  4,  1794,  enclosing  a  copy  of  a  contract  made 
between  Mr.  Tench  Coxe,  Commissioner  of  the  J'.evenue, 
and  Alexander  Scott  and  Matthew  Ernest  for  supplying 
rations  at  Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Washington.  I  really  do  not 
nor  cannot  understand  it  until  I  have  official  information  of 
its  being  made  and  instructions  upon  the  subject,  neither  of 
which  have  yet  arrived.  It  will  be  necessary  that  Mr.  WilkJns 
and  Mr.  George  Wilson,  as  agents  of  the  old  and  new  Con- 
tractors, should  attend  immediately  at  Headquarters,  perhaps 
it  may  be  convenient  for  you  to  accompany  them,  in  order 
that  the  present  state  and  means  of  supplies,  etc.,  may  be 
properly  understood. 


284 


LETTERS. 


!iW 


I  have  ordered  Mr.  Newman  to  be  sent  to  this  place  under 
a  proper  guard,  which  may  serve  as  an  escort  to  you.  Cap- 
tain Pierce  will  be  directed  to  consult  upon  the  occasion. 
Captain  De  Butts  will  trouble  you  with  an  invoice  of  certain 
articles  of  which  we  stand  much  in  want.  I  pray  you  to 
procure  them  or  let  them  be  forwarded  with  Mr.  Newman.  I 
believe  we  have  sufficient  proof  to  establish  the  charge 
which  will  be  e-xhibited  against  him. 

Wishing   you  a  safe   arrival,  I   am  with  sincere  esteem, 
Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

Anthony  Wayne. 

Headquarters,  Greeneville,  November  6,  1794. 
Sir: — I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  several 
letters  of  the  17th,  23d  and  29th  ultimo,  with  their  respective 
enclosures ;  and  sincerely  thank  you  for  the  part  you  have 
taken  and  the  pointed  manner  in  which  you  have  detailed 
the  defects  upon  the  part  of  the  Contractors  in  point  of  sup- 
plies for  and  at  the  respective  posts,  as  also  their  deficiency 
of  means  of  transport.  The  enclosed  report  of  provisions  at 
this  place  will  best  demonstrate  the  indispensable  necessity 
of  your  utmost  exertions  to  supply,  or  to  compel  the  Contrac- 
tors' agents  to  supply,  the  rations  mentioned  in  my  letter  of 
the  1 8th  ult.  At  this  moment  we  are  on  half  allowance  of 
beef,  and  even  at  that  rate  we  have  not  six  days'  issues  now 
on  hand,  you  will  therefore  call  upon  the  Contractors  for  beef 
cattle,  and  upon  Captain  Pierce,  to  furnish  an  escort  to  pro- 
ceed with  them  to  this  place,  without  a  moment's  delay.  All 
the  cattle  that  came  in  were  sent  to  the  advanced  Posts — say 
250  head — except  a  small  supply  at  each  of  the  intermediate 
posts  from  Hamilton  to  Adams  inclusive.  All  those  Posts 
were  destitute  of  beef  at  the  time  that  supply  was  on  the  way, 
and  until  it  arrived.     One-fourth  of  those  sent  to  the  Miami 


tt 


LETTERS. 


285 


i 


villages  were  ordered  to  Fort  Defiance,  where  I  hope  they 
have  arrived,  but  there  is  not  salt  at  either  of  those  Posts  to 
cure  one  thousand  weight  of  beef,  and  should  the  Enemy  deter- 
mine to  persevere  in  hostilities,  those  cattle  must  inevitably 
be  lost ;  add  to  this  that  the  pasture  has  totally  failed,  hence 
the  immediate  necessity  of  a  full  supply  of  salt,  by  the  first 
convoy,  and  perhaps  this  will  be  the  most  favorable  opportun- 
ity, as  I  have  now  at  this  place  two  hostages,  one  of  them  a 
chief  of  the  Wyandots,  until  the  return  of  a  flag  from  San- 
dusky, which  will  be  on  or  about  the  20th  inst.  You  will 
therefore,  please  to  communicate  the  contents  of  this  letter 
to  the  Contractors  or  their  agents,  and  should  you  find  any 
demur  on  their  part  in  immediately  furnishing  the  supplies 
called  for,  you  are  to  supply  the  defect  agreeably  to  the  orders 
given  you  on  the  loth  and  i8th  ultimo. 
I  am,  with  esteem  and  respect, 

Your  most  humble  servant, 
[Colonel  James  O'Hara.]  Ant.  Wayne. 


FoKT  Washington,  September  16,  1794. 
Sir: — You  will  please  to  receive  of  Captain  Peirce  all  the 
Quartermaster's  stores  and  other  public  property  delivered  to 
him  by  Mr.  Belli,  and  continue  to  perform  the  duty  of  Deputy 
Quartermaster-General  until  further  orders.  In  order  to 
prevent  any  deficiency  in  the  Ordnance  Department,  I  leave 
Mr.  Hanagan  and  Mr.  Oliver  in  the  Quartermaster's  stores, 
those  gentlemen  being  well  acquainted  with  the  forms  and 
method  of  doing  the  business,  will  enable  you  to  attend  to 
both  departments  till  more  permanent  arrangements  can  be 
made,  for  which  you  will  be  allowed  a  reasonable  compensa- 
tion in  addition  to  your  pay  as  Commissary  of  Military  Stores ; 
being  apprehensive  that  the  clothing  lately  arrived  is  not  in 
good    order,    you   will   have  it   immediately  examined  and 


1 


296 


LETTERS. 


W'     / 


repacked  into  casks  and  stored  under  cover  at  all  events. 
Your  knowledge  of  the  different  duties  required  of  you  and 
for  which  you  will  be  accountable,  render  it  unnecessary  for 
me  to  be  more  particular  in  explaining  them  at  present ; 
therefore  in  perfect  confidence  that  the  interest  of  the  public, 
the  dignity  of  the  department  and  your  own  honor,  are  safe 
in  your  hands,  and  wishing  you  health  and  pleasure  in  the 
execution  of  those  duties, 

I  am  your  humble  servant, 
James  O'Hara, 

Quartennastcr-  G  cue  ml. 
[Samuel  Henley,  Esq.] 

Greenville,  November  14,  1794. 
Dear  Sir: — I  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  your  favor  of  the 
9th,  the  friendly  and  polite  attention  you  have  uniformly 
shown  to  me  and  to  my  interests  has  impressed  me  with 
very  warm  sentiments  of  gratitude  and  personal  esteem  to- 
wards you,  and  with  a  strong  desire  of  being  favored  with 
an  opportunity  of  evincing,  by  a  reciprocity  of  good  offices, 
that  I  am  neither  insensible  nor  unworthy  of  your  regard. 
Although  I  shall  feel  much  regret  at  your  departure  from  the 
army,  at  any  period  whilst  I  shall  remain  in  it ;  yet  my  friend- 
ship would  not  permit  me  to  wish  your  stay  one  moment  to 
the  injury  of  your  domestic  happiness  and  interest.  I  have 
been  long  of  opinion  that  your  private  concerns  called  you 
loudly  into  private  life ;  but  I  had  hopes  that  your  appoint- 
ment would  be  placed  on  a  more  liberal  and  respectable 
establishment ;  such  as  might  in  some  measure  compensate 
for  your  relinquishment  of  other  pr.rsuits.  I  felicitate  you 
most  sincerely  upon  the  happiness  you  will  experience  in 
carrying  with  you  the  releasing  reflections  of  having  dis- 
charged the  important  duties  confided  to  you  with  ability  and 


LETTERS. 


287 


integrity,  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all  those  whose 
approbation  is  desirable.  I  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  you  at  the  time  mentioned  in  the  General's  letter — 
enclosed  is  the  invoice  of  which  he  speaks.  I  hope  you  are 
aware  that  the  drawing  of  the  Federal  lottery  commences  on 
the  22d  of  December ;  sooner,  if  the  tickets  should  be  sold. 
Your  convoy  arrived  this  morning ;  the  cattle  yesterday  and 
before. 

Believe  me  to  be,  dear  sir. 

Your  sincere  friend, 

W.  De  Butts. 
[CoLONpL  James  O'Hara.j 

General  Wilkinson. 

Neviat   Calistai: — Kahela   noolabindam   ailey  m'bindamin 

K'langandawokan.'     N'winga   Kahama   Kinemin,  Kee,   ock 

Kinashawshin   (Sheeky  aughqu^)  ock  abschy   Meetchy  Ki 

mitcheewouckan,  ock  miney  K'wine,  Shuck,  thamsy  alindy 

matta  Gusky  ninelay,  uney  Kisquee  Paghaquike,  qui  Kvvique 

indagh. 

Neeshee  okunachoky  uney, 

Imbahany. 

Brother  Calistai: — Yes  I  rejoice  because  we  hear  you 
make  peace }  I  am  willing,  if  we  know,  you  go,  and  shall  take 
care  (assuredly)  and  always.  Already  your  provisions  I  have 
gathered  here,  and  fit  for  you  to  eat.  But  sometime  some 
if  not  to-day  certainly,  a  guide  about  Noon  goes  to  visit  to- 
wards you;  he  will  travel  the  road  alone. 

Imbahany. 

[Original  in  the  writing  of  James  O'Hara,  Quartermaster- 
General.     Translated  by  Mary  O'H.  Darlington.] 


if 


;;sa'jc#»  ««««>*  "»i'i*  ■Pi" 


»«s»?<»*" 


Mk^>^-«   %   -*   •-.-■*<•♦    -— ^„^     .Mt   ».,».,..%-.    .*--»-,.   ».„ 


288 


LETTERS. 


i 


m^ 


Ll  1 1: 


Headquarters,  Greenville,  3  February,  1795. 
Sir: — Agreeably  to  the  verbal  orders  I  gave  you  at  this 
place,  you  will  previously  to  your  departure  from  Fort  Wash- 
ington make  the  necessary  and  effectual  arrangements  for 
the  transport  of  every  species  of  supplies  for  the  use  of  the 
Legion  and  for  the  respective  posts  and  garrisons  in  every 
direction,  as  by  the  new  Contract  with  Messrs.  Scott  &  Ernest 
the  public  are  to  be  the  carriers  of  all  the  rations  in  future, 
from  the  general  deposits  at  Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Washington, 
add  to  this  the  defect  on  the  part  of  the  old  Contractors  of 
120,000  Rations  from  this  place  to  the  head  of  the  Line,  in- 
clusive; nor  is  there  the  least  prospect  of  this  deficiency 
being  made  up,  as  Mr.  Wilson  has  not  as  yet  sent  forward 
but  15,800  rations  of  flour  towards  it,  notwithstanding  his 
promise  to  complete  the  whole  by  the  8th  Instant.  We  have 
but  twenty  days  issues  of  flour  now  at  this  place  and  but 
fifteen  at  Recovery ;  nor  have  we  at  this  moment  more  than 
eight  weeks'  issues  at  any  of  our  Posts.  Hence  you  will  have  to 
commence  the  transport  of  provision  under  the  New  Contract 
earlier  than  what  was  expected — say,  on  the  ist  of  March, 
/'.  r.,  in  the  course  of  three  weeks,  and  of  which  you  will 
please  to  give  M.  Wilkins  (their  agent)  immediate  Notice  so 
as  to  have  the  flour  part  ready  to  deliver  at  Fort  Washington 
on  or  before  that  day,  agreeably  to  the  orders  given  him  on 
the  13th  ultimo,  to  the  end  that  advantage  may  be  taken  of 
the  first  rise  of  the  waters  upon  the  breaking  up  of  the  ice, 
&  which  from  present  appearances  will  soon  be  the  case. 
I  therefore  wish  you  to  have  the  boats  in  readiness  at  Ham- 
ilton, etc.,  for  the  transport  to  this  place  and  Lormies'  Stores, 
&  hold  the  wagons  and  pack-horses  in  readiness  for  the 
portages  at  the  shortest  notice,  with  proper  persons  to  super- 
intend and  direct  the  water  &  land  carriage,  so  that  there 
may  be  no  time  lost  upon  any  occasion  whatever,  and  send 


apigp!**^l>l' 


LETTKRS. 


289 


s- 

this 

ash- 

for 

the 

very 


forward  Mr.  Sharp  upon  sight  to  build  the  boats  for  the  St. 
Mary's. 

The  prospect  of  a  General  Treaty  of  Peace,  with  all  the 
Hostile  tribes  of  Indians  North  West  of  the  Ohio  on  or  about 
the  13th  of  June,  renders  it  expedient  that  you  repair  to 
Philadelphia  via  Pittsburgh  as  soon  as  you  have  made  the 
arrangements  before  mentioned,  in  order  to  procure  and 
forward  the  articles  wanted  in  your  department  for  the  present 
year,  as  also  the  Indian  goods  and  articles  wanted  for  the 
pending  treaty,  agreeably  to  the  invoice,  provided  it  meets 
the  approbation  of  government  upon  being  presented  to  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

In  the  interim  it  will  be  indispensably  necessary  that  you 
forward  (from  your  own  private  Stores  at  Pittsburgh),  a  tem- 
porary supply  of  clothing,  Wampum,  etc.,  for  the  use  of  such 
deputies  as  will  naturally  be  coming  in  with  overtures  from 
the  different  tribes  of  Indians,  between  this  time  and  the  day 
appointed  for  holding  the  General  Treaty.  Had  I  the  means 
I  would  prefer  separate  treaties,  in  order  to  avoid  the  idea  of 
a  General  Confederacy,  but  the  disposition  of  those  people 
must  be  consulted.  You  will  also  please  to  forward  all  such 
Public  Stores  as  may  be  at  Pittsburgh  for  the  use  of  the 
Legion  and  designed  for  this  Quarter,  belonging  to  your  own 
and  to  the  ordnance  and  Hospital  departments,  immediately 
upon  your  arrival  there,  in  order  to  take  advantage  of  the 
water  tran.sport  to  this  place  and  to  the  head  of  the  line, 
which  you  know  we  can't  count  upon  after  the  Middle  of 
April  at  furthest,  either  on  the  Miami  or  the  Ohio,  or  the  St. 
Mary's  or  Au  Glaize ;  this  is  an  object  of  very  considerable 
consequence  and  will  save  an  immense  expense,  trouble  and 
fatigue  if  timely  attended  to. 

I  begin  to  feel  very  uneasy  with  respect  to  flour.  The 
New  Contractors  have  none  at  Washington,  and  the  ice  will 


290 


LETTERS. 


Ki 


prevent  any  from  descending  the  Ohio  for  some  time  yet; 
perhaps  not  before  the  middle  of  March ;  they  therefore  must 
purchase  from  the  old  Contractors  at  all  events,  and  which 
might  have  been  done  with  advantage  to  the  Public  and  them- 
selves some  time  since ;  perhaps  it  will  not  be  the  case  now ; 
yet  the  thing  must  be  done  and  the  sooner  the  better.  From 
this  statement  of  facts  you  will  see  the  absolute  necessity  of 
putting  everything  in  a  proper  train  before  you  leave  Wash- 
ington. Among  other  Matters,  provisional  means  ought  to 
be  directed  for  mounting  the  Dragoons  in  case  it  should  be 
found  expedient,  and  materials  furnished  for  repairing  the 
old  furniture,  to  serve  until  new  comes  forward.  Wishing 
you  a  safe  and  speedy  arrival  at  Pittsburgh  and  Philadelphia 
(after  you  have  put  everything  in  a  proper  way)  and  a  speedy 
return  to  this  place, 

I  am,  with  Sincere  Esteem, 
Your  most  obt.,  humble  servant, 

Anthony  Wayne. 
[Col.  James  O'Hara,  Q.  M.  G.] 


I 


'.   ;l 


Fort  Washington,  Feb.  8,  1795. 
Sir: — I  am  honored  with  your  letter  of  the  3d  instant  and 
find  your  apprehensions,  respecting  the  immediate  transpor- 
tation of  flour  to  headquarters  but  too  well  founded,  none  of 
that  article  having  yet  come  to  hand.  The  Ohio  and  Miami 
rivers  being  in  very  good  order  I  was  tempted  to  load  and 
dispatch  twelve  Boats  with  corn  for  Still  Water,  and  if  they 
meet  with  no  unforseen  demurage,  they  may  be  returned  to 
Hamilton  and  the  mouth  of  the  Miamis  before  the  provisions 
will  arrive  for  a  second  Cargo.  The  necessary  and  effectual 
arrangements  shall  be  made  for  the  transporting  and  furnish- 
ing the  necessary  provisions  and  every  species  of  supplies 
for  the  Legion  and  for  the  respective  Posts  and  Garrisons  on 


L'^  ■  ■  > 


I.ETTEKS. 


291 


X't; 
ust 
ich 
m- 
)w; 
om 
of 
sh- 
to 
be 
:he 


the  line  before  my  departure  from  this  Post,  and  preparation 
shall  be  made  for  carrying  your  Excellency's  orders,  respect- 
ing Massac,  Fort  Knox  and  Steuben,  into  immediate  effect 
as  soon  as  you  will  please  to  direct.  By  the  enclosed  papers 
you  will  see  all  the  communication  that  I  have  had  with  the 
Agents  of  the  new  Contractors.  My  arrangements  for  form- 
ing further  means  of  transportation  and  the  rates  of  freight 
for  Still  Water  established  with  the  owners  of  Craft  on  that 
Service. 

Your  Excellency  will  perceive  the  necessity  of  a  covering 
Party  at  the  landing  of  the  cargoes  ;  as  much  depends  on  the 
Boats  being  instantly  discharged,  in  order  to  meet  the  flour  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Miami  in  due  time. 

Mr.  Mathews  is  ordered  to  attend  to  the  receiving  of  the 
cargoes  and  forwarding  the  property  to  Headquarters.  Mr. 
Donwoddie,  with  a  few  additional  teams,  will  attend  to  the 
transportation  and  Mr.  George  Adams  has  charge  of  the 
public  Boats  now  under  way. 

The  extravagant  speculations  held  in  View  by  the  owners 
of  the  private  teams  that  have  been  employed  by  the  Con- 
tractors having  rendered  it  absolutely  necessary  to  erect  a 
number  of  public  teams  for  the  road,  I  beg  leave  to  submit 
the  propriety  of  having  the  road  from  Hamilton  to  Recovery 
repaired  soon  as  possible,  being  at  present  impassable  for 
wagons.  If  the  old  road  from  Hamilton  was  cleared  out  and 
a  few  swamps  Bridged  or  causway'd  it  would,  in  wet  weather, 
be  preferable  to  the  new,  at  all  events,  it  will  be  a  good  alter- 
nation. 

I  have  conversed  with  the  old  Contractors'  agent  here  and 
have  some  reason  to  expect  that  they  will  yet  furnish  the 
stipulated  quantity  of  provisions.  They  have  sent  on  seventy- 
five  fresh  Horses,  lately  purchased,  which  will  increase  their 
whole  number  perhaps  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  and  may  be 
a  means  of  supplying  the  outposts  without  delay. 


292 


I-ETTERS. 


A  number  of  Horses  start  to-morrow  with  a  supply  of  iron, 
stationery  and  other  stores  for  headquarters. 

The  time  of  my  goini;  from  this  place  being  very  uncertain, 
I  may  be  yet  honored  with  your  further  commands,  which, 
with  those  enjoined  by  your  last  letters,  shall  be  religiously 
complied  with. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  the  most  sincere  attachment 
Your  ICxcellency's  most  Ob't,  Hum.  Serv't, 

James  O'Haka. 
[His  K.xcei.lencv,  the  Commandek-in-Chiee.] 


■  :?• 


TO  COLONEL  JAMES  O'HARA,  Q.  M.  G. 

War  Office,  March  14,  1795. 

Sir: — On  looking  over  the  return  of  Indian  goods  on  hand 
at  Greenville,  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  a  small  additional 
supply  will  suffice  for  the  occasional  demands  of  the  Indians, 
until  the  treaty  should  be  held  for  making  peace.  The  follow- 
ing articles  are  all  that  I  would  have  forwarded  until  the  terms 
of  purchase  shall  be  settled  here  between  you  and  the  treas- 
ury department.  About  400  calico  shirts  No.  8 ;  the  smallest 
trunk  of  linen  shirts  containing  189.  Case  No.  13  containing 
blue,  green,  brown  and  white,  half  thicks  and  two  diaper  rugs. 
The  bale  No.  15,  containing  twelve  pieces  of  blue  stroud,  one 
piece  of  Scarlet  stroud  of  i"  yards  and  one  of  blue  contain- 
ing 1 5  yards. 

Seventeen  hundred  of  black  Wampum  and  the  5^  pounds 
of  Vermillion.  The  whole  should  be  examined,  and  particularly 
the  woolens  before  they  are  forwarded  ;  there  is  much  danger 
that  woolens  are  moth  eaten,  as  they  have  lain  so  long  on 
hand.  Nothing  should  be  sent  that  is  not  in  good  order. 
Colonel  Meigs  will  be  employed  to  take  charge  of  the  goods 
in  the  Indian  department,  and  perhaps  of  the  clothing  of  the 


'X.^.^^-t*-^-^-^'-'**-*  •»'- 


K 


on, 


r.ETTKKS. 


293 


Army  ;  I  expect  if  not  now,  that  he  will  shortly  be  at  Pitts- 
burgh. Should  he  not  arrive  in  time,  Major  Craig  may  re- 
ceipt for  them.  I  am  your  humble  servant, 

Timothy  PicKKRiNfi. 


War  Oi'FicE,  April  23,  1795. 

.SVr.' — The  articles  requisite  to  be  purcha.sed  here  in  the 
quartermaster's  department  were  .selected,  and  the  list  thereof 
with  the  supposed  prices  yesterday  presented  to  the  treasury. 

I  shall  be  obliged  by  your  making  out  a  list  of  Indian  goods 
to  the  amount  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  thousand  dollars,  assorted 
according  to  your  opinion  of  the  wants  and  conveniences  of 
the  Western  Indians.       I  am  Sir,  your  obedient  .servant, 

Timothy  Pickerinc;. 
[Coi.oNEi.  O'Hara.] 

Greenville,  Sept.  21,  1795. 

Dear  Sir: — I  don't  know  whether  my  impatience  to  have  the 
papers  (now  sent)  dispatched  from  hence,  equalled  yours,  but 
I  am  correct  in  assuring  you  it  was  very  great.  1  could  have 
wished  the  trunk  to  have  gone  sooner— and  it  had  been  ready 
waiting  in  the  Quartermaster's  possession  for  .several  days— but 
it  was  not  thought  expedient  to  send  it  before  yesterday,  as 
the  dispatches  for  you  could  not  follow  it  before  to-day.  I  send 
the  key  by  Captain  Taylor,  which  I  pray  you  to  return  after 
forcing  open  the  trunk  deposited  in  your  stores  at  Washing- 
ton in  1793,  and  transferring  its  material  contents  into  the  one 
now  sent. 

The  General  has  received  your  letter  of  the  15th  and  I 
yours  of  the  1 8th  instants  ;  they  afforded  the  same  satisfac- 
tion which  your  letters  have  uniformly  imparted. 

A  knowledge  of  Mr.  Harragan's  unadorned  worth,  renders 
his  appointment  in  your  department  very  pleasing  to  the 


294 


LETTERS. 


I  ::,i> 


iV  '■  i* 


General,  and  no  attention  in  my  power  shall  be  wanting  to 
give  him  support  and  confidence  in  his  office.  Mr.  Clark's 
equipment,  in  your  hands,  was  expected  to  be  as  respectable 
as  the  occasion  required.  His  barge  and  crew — should  they 
make  a  speedy  voyage — may  return  time  enough  for  a  certain 
expedition  ;  this  is  to  be  wished,  as  the  crew  are  chosen  men 
and  will  in  all  probability  be  well  trained. 

Mr.  Caldwell  has  not  yet  applied  ;  your  wishes  respecting 
him  shall  be  complied  with. 

I  think  you  will  have  not  a  disagreeable  passage  at  this  time 
to  Pittsburgh ;  the  season  is  favorable  and  the  equinox  may 
perhaps  afford  you  water  sufficient.  I  congratulate  you  sin- 
cerely on  your  return  to  your  family  after  your  long  and  emi- 
nent services,  and  I  wish  you  from  my  soul,  every  success 
which  your  most  sanguine  wishes  may  lead  you  to  hope  for, 
in  the  execution  of  the  designs  which  shall  for  the  future 
employ  your  attention. 

It  ajspears  rather  problematical  at  this  moment  whether  I 
shall  ever  be  so  fortunate  as  to  derive  advantage  from  your 
knowledge  and  experience  by  a  partial  union  of  our  respective 
interests,  and  as  I  cannot  at  present  advance  anything  new 
or  decisive  on  this  subject,  I  am  constrained  to  be  silent  until 
I  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  again  seeing  you.  I  transmit 
enclosed  with  many  thanks  for  the  loan,  three  hundred  and 
fifty-six  dollars,  the  amount  of  my  note  in  your  hands. 

I  hope  you  will  have  the  goodness  to  write  me  a  few  lines 
before  you  leave  Fort  Washington,  and  be  ever  persuaded 
that  the  best  and  warmest  wishes  will  attend  you,  of 

Dear  Sir,  yours  with  real  esteem  and  friendship, 

De  Butts. 
[Colonel  James  O'Hara.] 


LETTERS. 


295 


u 


Greenvilf.e,  September  22,  1795. 
Dear  Sir: — The  business   of   yesterday,    in   despatching 
Captain  Taylor  with  the  General's  packets  for  you,  occupied 
my  time  so  completely  that  I  could  scarce  find  enough  to 
scratch  the  few  lines  I  sent  you  by  him,  and  induced  me  to 
keep  one  of  his  dragoons  until  this  morning  in  order  to  have 
the  pleasure  of  talking  a  little  more  to  you.     I  received  un- 
feigned pleasure  in  reading  and  transmitting  the  General's 
letter  of  yesterday  to  you.     So  just  and  so  full  a  testimony 
of  your  abilities  and  conduct,  of  his  approbation  and  friend- 
ship, I  am  sure  you  will  consider  as  the  dearest  reward  that 
an  officer  can  receive  for  his  public  labors.     A  copy  of  it,  and 
of  yours  of  the  2Sth  ultimo  to  the  General,  are  contained  in 
the  dispatches  you  carry  forward,  accompanied  by  a  long 
paragraph,   in  one  of  his  public  letters,  expressive   of  the 
regret  he  feels  at  your  retiring  from  the  service,  of  the  entire 
confidence  he  has  always  so  justly  placed  in  your  worth  and 
conduct,  of  the  high  sense  he  entertains  of  your  ability  and 
resource,  and  of  his  fears  lest  the  office  should  not  be  filled 
by  a  successor  of  equal  merit.     These  are  tributes,  my  dear 
sir,  that  will  ever  attend  worth  and  virtue,  and  administer  the 
sweetest  satisfaction,  not  only  to  the  object  to  whom  they  are 
offered,  but  to  all  those  who  are  interested  in  our  fame  and 
happiness.     What  would  you  think  of  the  General's  partial 
regard  for  and  opinion  of  me  when,  almost  in  the  same  sen- 
tence in  which  he  pronounces  your  eulogium,  he  should  pro- 
pose me  as  your  successor }    However  strange  and  unexpected 
the  thing  may  appear,  the  fact  is  so  ;  and  he  has  fortified  his 
recommendation  with  so  many  flattering  expressions,  and  so 
much  further  strengthened  them  by  his  voluntary  responsi- 
bility for  my  conduct  at  the  head  of  the  department,  that  I 
shall  not  be  much  surprised  should  I  really  be  appointed. 
He  deems  it  advisable  that   I  should  acquaint  you,  in  con- 


^■/ 


296 


LETTERS. 


r 


' 


4  iu' 


fidence,  with  this  circumstance,  as  he  imagines  your  regard 
for  me  would  interest  you  in  the  issue,  and  you  may  be  per- 
suaded my  reliance  on  your  friendship  and  judgment  antici- 
pated the  advice.  I  shall  say  nothing  further  to  you  but  to 
request  that  if  my  name  should  occur  during  your  intercourse 
with  the  Secretary  of  War  on  the  subject  of  your  vacancy, 
that  you  would  be  good  enough  to  advise  me  with  your  observa- 
tions on  the  occasion.  This  matter  is  intended,  for  the 
present,  to  rest  silent  in  the  General's,  in  yours,  and  in  the 
breast  of 

Your  sincere  friend, 

De  Butts. 
[Colonel  O'Haka.] 

Philadeli'Hia,  February  24,  1797. 
Sir: — A  Regiment  of  Troops  is  ordered  to  rendezvous  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Miamis  on  or  before  the  20th  of  April  next, 
from  whence,  after  a  few  days'  halt,  they  will  be  marched  by 
the  most  direct  route  to  Knoxville  in  the  State  of  Tennessee. 
I  give  you  this  reasonable  information  of  the  movement  for 
your  accommodation  and  have  to  require  that  you  may  take 
the  necessaiy  arrangements  for  provisioning  the  troops,  at 
mouth  of  the  Miami  and  on  the  march,  at  such  times  and 
places  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  Butler  may  regulate  with  you. 
With  respect,  I  am.  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

Ja.  Wilkinson,  B.  General. 
[Colonel  James  O'Haka.] 

Treasury  Department, 
Comptroller's  Office,  December  28,  1798. 
Sir: — Your  accompt  as  Deputy  Quartermaster-General  at 
Fort  Washington  for  services   performed  and  supplies  pur- 


LETTERS. 


297 


chased  to  the  30th  of  June,  1796,  has  been  adjusted  at  the 
Treasury,  and  the  amount  disbursed  found  to  be  ninety-nine 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty-seven  dollars  and  ninety- 
nine  cents,  which  will  be  passed  to  the  credit  of  James 
O'Hara,  Esq.,  late  Quartermaster-General  in  the  books  of 
the  Treasury. 

The  amount  of  the  Abstracts,  on  which  this  settlement  is 
predicated,  is  one  hundred  thousand  three  hundred  and 
seventy-seven  dollars  and  eight  cents ;  is  six  hundred  and 
forty-nine  dollars  and  nine  cents  more  than  the  amount  above 
stated,  and  arises  from  the  following  deductions,  viz  : 

This  sum  being  the  amount  of  sundry  errors,  $25.23;  this 
sum  being  the  amount  for  public  horses  sold,  $508.86 ;  this 
sum  being  an  advance  to  Captain  Shaumburg,  pursuant  to 
General  Wilkinson's  Warrant,  which  is  referred  to  the  War 
Department  for  settlement,  $100  ;  this  sum  being  a  payment 
for  services  performed  in  September,  1796,  which  will  here- 
after constitute  a  credit  to  the  present  Quartermaster- 
General,  as  per  receipt  in  his  favor,  $18.  Difference  above 
stated,  $649.09. 

I  am,  Sir,  very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

J;\MKS  Stekle,  Comptroller. 
[Daniel    Haraoan,    Esq.,  Deputy    Quartermaster-General, 
Fort  Washington,  Northwestern  Territory.] 


Treasury  Department, 
Comptroller's  Office,  Oct.  11,  1797. 
Sir: — Vour  account  as  late  Quartermaster-General,  for  dis- 
bursements made  at  Philadelphia,  by  your  Agent,  Samuel 
Hodgdon,  from  the  1st  of  January  to  the  30th  of  June,  1796, 
has  been  adjusted  at  the  Treasury,  in  consequence  of  which, 
the  amount  so  disbursed,  being  $10,816.70,  will  be  passed  to 


20 


298 


LETTERS. 


your  credit  in  the  books  of  the  treasury.  Your  account  in 
the  capacity  aforesaid,  for  disbursements  made  at  Pittsburgh 
by  your  deputy,  Isaac  Craig,  from  the  1st  of  February  to  the 
14th  of  October,  1796,  has  also  been  adjusted  at  the  Treasury,, 
and  the  amount  so  disbursed  found  to  be  $30,064. 1 2,  which 
will  likewise  be  passed  to  your  credit  in  the  books  aforesaid. 

I  am.  Sir,  very  respectfully 

Your  obedient  servant, 

James  Steele,  Compt. 
[James  O'Hara,  E.sq.] 


i 


:•   ■  (t 


New  York,  May  12,  1799. 

Sir: — If  you  have  not  previously  been  apprised  of  it,  it  is 
proper  you  should  be  informed  that  an  Act  of  Congress  of 
March  last  entitled  "  An  Act  for  the  better  organizing  the 
troops  of  the  United  States  and  for  other  purposes,"  contains 
the  following  provisions : 

Section  19.  That  a  ration  of  provisions  shall  henceforth 
consist  of  eighteen  ounces  of  bread  or  flour,  or  when  neither 
can  be  obtained,  of  one  quart  of  rice  or  one  and  a  half  pounds 
of  sifted  or  riddled  Indian  meaJ,  one  pound  and  a  quarter  of 
fresh  beef,  or  one  pound  of  salted  beef,  or  three-quarters  of 
a  pound  of  salted  pork,  and  when  fresh  meat  is  issued,  salt  at 
the  rate  of  two  quarts  for  every  hundred  rations  ;  soap  at  the 
rate  of  four  pounds,  and  candles  at  the  rate  of  a  pound  and 
a  half  for  every  hundred  rations  :  Provided  always,  that  there 
shall  be  no  diminution  of  the  ration  to  which  any  of  the 
troops  now  in  service  may  be  entitled  by  the  terms  of  their 
enlistment. 

Section  22.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Army,  or  the  commanding  officer  of  any  separate 
detachment  or  garrison  thereof,  at  his  discretion  to  cause  to 
be  issued  from  time  to  time  to  the  troops  under  his  command. 


|>  ! 


LETTERS, 


299 


out  of  such  supplies  as  shall  have  been  provided  for  the  pur- 
pose, in  quantities  not  exceeding  half  a  gill  of  rum,  whiskey 
or  other  ardent  spirits,  to  each  man  per  day,  excepting  in 
cases  of  fatigue  service  or  other  extraordinary  occasions,  and 
that  whensoever  supplies  thereof  shall  be  on  hand,  there  shall 
be  issued  to  the  troops  vinegar  at  the  rate  of  two  quarts  for 
every  hundred  rations. 

These  provisions  are,  of  course,  to  govern  your  future  issues. 
But  as  the  promise  with  regard  to  troops  who  may  have  en- 
listed on  the  stipulation  of  a  different  ration  may  require  cir- 
cumspection on  the  application  of  the  new  rule,  the  command- 
ing officer  must  concert  with  you  this  application. 
With  consideration,  I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Alexander  Hamilton. 
[James  O'Hara,  Esq.,  Contractor,  Pittsburgh.] 


I 


LETTER  FROM  GENERAL  HAMILTON  TO 
JAMES  O'HARA,  ESQ. 

New  York,  November  7,  1799. 

Sir: — The  recruiting  rendezvous  in  Virginia  are  :  i.  New 
London  ;  2.  Powhatan  Courthouse  ;  3.  Petersburgh  ;  4.  Suffolk 
and  Kemperville,  either  or  both  for  one ;  5.  City  of  Richmond ; 
6.  Williamsburgh ;  7.  Acomac  Courthouse;  8.  Northumoerland 
Courthouse ;  9.  Bowling  Green ;  10.  Culpepper  Courthouse  ; 
II.  Fauquier  Courthouse;  12.  Leesburgh ;  13.  Fredericks- 
burgh;  14.  Charlotteville  ;  15.  Winchester  ;  16.  Staunton  ;  17. 
Fincastle ;  18.  Abingdon;  19.  Moorefield ;  20.  Morgantown. 

The  rendezvouses  in  Maryland  are:  Georgetown,  Hagers- 
town,  Porto  Bacco,  Annapolis,  Fredericktown,  Easton,  City  of 
Baltimore,  Centreville,  Elkton,  Close. 

In  Delaware  the  rendezvouses  are :  Wilmington,  Dover,  and 
New  Castle. 


300 


I.ICTTERS. 


II  m 


In  Pennsylvania  they  are :  Wyoming,  Reading,  North- 
umberland, Philadelphia,  Lancaster,  Bristol,  Yorktown, 
Carlisle,  Lewistown,  Bedford,  Greensburgh,  Washington, 
Pittsburgh. 

Some  changes  may  have  taken  place,  which  you  will  learn 
from  the  particular  officers.  There  are  two  companies  at 
Fort  Mifflin,  one  company  on  the  Schuylkill,  two  at  Norfolk, 
and  one  at  Baltimore.  It  is  intended  to  station  three  regi- 
ments at  Harper's  Ferry  on  the  Potomac,  and  a  battalion  of 
artillery  too.  But  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  winter  quarters 
at  this  place  may  cause  two  of  the  regiments  to  be  stationed  at 
Fredericktown,.  in  Maryland,  or  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania,  one 
or  both  of  these  places.  The  Seventh  Regiment,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Bentley,  will  pass  the  winter  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Richmond.  For  more  particular  information  concern- 
ing Virginia  it  will  be  proper  to  consult  General  Pinckney. 
With  great  consideration,  I  am  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
[James  O'Hara,  Esq.]  A.  Hamilton. 

P.  S. — By  letter  received  this  day,  it  appears  that  there 
will  be  no  troops  quartered  at  Ftedericktown,  but  pretty  cer- 
tain that  one,  Colonel  Moore's,  the  loth,  will  be  stationed  at 
Carlii-le. 


i 


Note.— Fort  Lafayette  contains  two  barracks,  three  hexagonal  towers 
in  wood,  containing  artillery  and  powder  magazine.  The  inclosure  is  com- 
posed of  large  pointed  stakes,  closed  together,  fifteen  or  sixteen  feet  high, 
the  fort  is  square,  of  weak  defence. 


9. 


'■f 


.„,j:^>ar-«-*»  — 


■■  \ 


>!     S 


f^H'JPPII^ 


|t  I  I 


\i  t 


IVter  Anclrain. 

James  Kois. 

Kerry  House. 

Morrow's  (ireen  Tree  'I'avcni. 

*A(lanison  Tannehill 

Saiimel  Kwalt. 

*  Presley  Neville 

John  Scull,  where  the  first   iivws- 

paoer  ever  puhlislied   west   of  th? 

y\lleKlieiiy  luomitaius  w.is  i]rintecl. 

John  Ormsby. 

Sanniel    Sample's    Tavern,  where 


iS 


WashiiiKton  stopped   in  1770   and 

proncuuiced  it  "a  very  niiod  house 

of  entertainment." 

•John  Neville. 

"Isaac  Craiu;. 

*.\braliam  Kirkpatrick. 

*Janies  Ollara. 

Lol.  \Vm   Butler's  widow. 

(ien'l  Kicliard  llutler's  widow. 

Will   Cecil,  father  of  tliR  late  Mrs. 

I!  re  we  r. 

Tr.  N.ithaniel  Bedford. 


If),  dliicers'  (piartc 

20.  Soldiers'  harrac 

the  l''r,rt  itself  i 

is  inchideu  in  tl 

■Ji    J    M.irie,  afterv 

22    Alexander  Add 

23.  'John   (iihson, 

nan's  speech  to 

74.  '  .Major  John  It 

2;.    The  Kedonbt 

doubt  Alley  wa 

(irant  in  i;f>3. 


^rtn'm' 


' 


' 


peel   ill  1770 
very  hoocI  li' 


trick. 

i  widow. 
;ler's  widow, 
of  tliP  laic 

If  Old. 


.lid        iQ.  Officers' (luiiri.'r  and 
lOuse       20.  Soliliers'  harracks  in  I'ort  I'ayette : 
tlie  I'ort  itself  is  not  laid  down,  but 
is  incliideu  in  tliese  buildinys. 

21  J    M.irie,  afterward  Jas.  Ktiss. 

22  Alexander  Addison. 

23.  *Jolin  (iil)son,  tlie  bearer  of  I.o- 
^;an's  spt-ech  to  Lord  Diinniore 

24.  "  Major  Jolin  Irwin. 

25.  The  Kedoiibt  at  the  mouth  of  Ke- 
doubt  Alley  was  built  by  Col  Wni 
firant  in  i;f>5.    I'riiu- to  the  Kevo- 


hitiiin.  a  loH  addition  was  made  to 
it,  and  it  was  coiiyerted  into  a  very 

CO 


^hn 


comfortable  dwellinij-house.     Job 

.NevilleoccuDJed  it  after  the  Will.. 

key   Insurrection,  until   he  bought 

No.  II  in  this  list 
2f)    Judye  lirackenridye. 
27    Watson's  Tavern. 
2S.  Charles  Kichards  and 
29.  lienjamin    Kichards.   colored  men. 

father  and  son,  the  former  kept  a 

sood  tavern. 


30.  Black  Hear  Tavern. 

31.  l'resl)Vterian  Clmicb. 

32  Hoat  Yard. 

33  James  Koss. 

34  James  Kobinson. 

35  tieneral  Waynes  Stables. 


Ihose  marked  thus  ■  were  oliicsrs  of 
the  Kevolution. 


I 


■.i 


M 


h 


f: 


:•    .: 


1, 


■^: 


ERECTION    AND   ORGANIZATION  OF  ALLE- 
GHENY COUNTY— 1785  TO  1788. 


Bv  William  M.  DAKLiNciioN, 


1785,  The  earliest  movement  towards  forming  the  county 
of  Allegheny  appears  to  have  been  in  the  year  1785,  when,  on 
Monday,  the  7th  day  of  March,  in  the  General  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  "  A  petition  from  a  number  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Pittsburgh  and  county  adjoining, 
within  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Washington,  was 
read,  praying  that  part  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and 
Washington  may  be  erected  into  a  new  county,  and  that  the 
seat  of  justice  may  be  fixed  at  the  town  of  Pittsburgh,  or 
upon  the  tract  reserved  by  the  State,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Allegheny.'-'  The  petition  was  laid  on  the  table,  nor  does  it 
appear  that  it  was  taken  up  for  consideration  during  that 
session. 

The  representatives  from  Westmoreland,  William  Findley, 
Thomas  Morton  and  William  Todd,  probably  were  opposed  to 
it.  On  September  2,  1786,  a  like  petition  was  presented  to 
the  Assembly,  read  and  laid  on  the  table.  The  term  of  the 
Assembly  ended  at  the  close  of  the  same  month. 

In  October  following,  at  the  general  election,  Hugh  H. 
lirackenridge,  of  Pittsburgh,  William  Findley  and  James 
Barr  were  chosen  members  from  Westmoreland  County  for 
the  ensuing  year. 

The  first  session  of  the  next  House  of  Representatives 
opened  at  Philadelphia,  October  23,  1786. 

(301) 


!  il 


■HWiAW  I  XJ^IWbOTWt 


302     ERECTION    AND   OROANI/ATION    Ol-    ALI.K«illKNV    COUNiV. 


I  t' 


,  n 


The  returns  from  Westmoreland  C'onnty  were  not  received 
until  November  2(1.  Mr.  Hrackenri(lj;e  took  his  seat  in  the 
House  on  the  13th  of  November.  ( )n  the  i6th  of  the  same 
month  "  Petitions  from  a  considerable  number  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Washington, 
read  in  the  late  and  former  House  of  Assembly,  March  7, 
1785,  and  September  2d  last ;  prayinj;  a  part  of  the  said  coun- 
ties may  be  created  into  a  new  county"  were  presented  to  the 
chair,  read  and  ordered  to  lie  on  the  table.  ( )ii  the  21st  they 
were  taken  up,  read  the  second  time  and  referred  to  Messrs. 
Ross,  of  Lancaster ;  Piper,  of  Hedford  County  ;  Finley,  of 
Westmoreland  ;  Hrackenri:l{;e,  of  Pittsburgh,  in  Westmore- 
land County  ;  l"'lenniken,  of  Washington  County ;  Gilchrist, 
of  Fayette  County,  and  Carson,  of  Dauphin. 

On  the  29th  of  November  the  report  of  the  Committee  was 
read  the  first  time,  and  on  the  next  day,  the  30th,  a  sectmd 
time,  and  adopted  as  follows,  viz.  :  The  Committee  on  the 
Petition  praying  that  a  new  county  be  laid  off,  comprising  the 
town  of  Pitt.sburgh,  are  of  opinion  that  it  may  be  expedient, 
and  offer  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  new  county  be  laid  off  by  the  following 
boundaries,  viz. :  Beginning  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Flaharty's  Run,  and  thence  with  a  direct  line  to  a  point  on 
Chartier's  River,  two  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Miller's  Run, 
and  thence  with  a  direct  line  to  the  Monongehela  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Youghiogheny  River,  and  with  that  river  to  the 
mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  and  with  that  creek  to  the  mouth  of 
the  most  northerly  branch,  and  with  that  branch  to  the  head, 
and  from  the  head  of  said  branch  to  the  head  of  Plumb  Run, 
and  with  that  run  to  the  Allegheny  River,  and  ascending 
that  river  to  the  boundary  of  Northumberland  County,  at  the 
mouth  of  Conewago  River,  and  with  that  river  to  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State,  if  the  said  river  shall  extend 


V. 


EKKCTION    AM)   OKdANIZATION    Ol     Alt  r.dllKNV    COINTY.      303 

SO  far,  or  if  it  shall  not  extend  so  far,  then  with  a  north  line 
to  the  said  northern  h.Miulary,  and  with  the  said  boundary  to 
the  western  boundary  of  this  State,  and  with  that  line  to  the 
Ohio  River,  and  with  that  river  to  the  place  of  bej;inning. 

Your  committee  also  taking;  into  view  the  value  it  will  n'wc 
to  the  tract  of  land  reserved  by  this  State  on  the  west  of  the 
Ohio  and  opposite  the  town  of  I'ittsburgh,  to  have  the  seat  of 
justice  located  on  that  tract,  and  also  that  but  small  segments 
have  been  taken  from  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and 
Washington  on  this  side  the  Ohio  to  the  new  county,  offer  a 
further  resolution  : 

Resolveii,  That  the  seat  of  justice  be  located  on  the  said 
reserved  tract,  and  that  in  the  meantime,  until  a  courthouse 
and  gaol  can  be  built  on  the  said  tract,  the  courts  shall  be 
held  in  the  town  of  Pittsburgh,  and  the  commissioners  of  the 
county  shall  be  empowered  to  rent  convenient  buildings  for  a 
courthouse  and  gaol,  at  the  exjjense  of  the  county ;  that  the 
sum  to  be  expended  in  building  a  courthouse  and  gaol  shall 
not  exceed  £ . 

Ordered,  That  Mr.  Ross,  Mr.  Piper,  Mr.  Kindlcy,  Mr. 
Brackenridge,  M.  Flennikin,  M.  (lilchrist,  and  M.  Carson  be 
a  committee  to  bring  in  a  bill  agreeably  to  the  foregoing 
resolution. 

On  December  6th  the  committee  reported  a  bill,  which  was 
read  the  first  time  and  ordered  to  lie  on  the  table. 

December  8th,  the  bill  was  read  a  second  time  and  debated 
by  paragraph.s.  It  was  then  ordered  to  be  transcribed,  and  in 
due  time  printed  for  public  consideration.  Nothing  further 
was  done  with  the  Act  that  session  of  the  Assembly,  which 
adjourned  on  December  30th,  until  February  20,  1787,  sat 
until  the  29th  of  March,  and  then  adjourned  to  the  4th  day 
of  September  next. 

On  the  7th  of  September,   1787,  it  was,  on  motion  of  Mr. 


5-::  ■TwJ  iJr-i^  vr»s-»^' fcs;i 


'■!*♦  •***'^*^ 


304     ERICCTION    ANM)    ORGANl/CATIO'v    OV    ALLElillENY    COUNTV. 


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Brackenridgc,  seconded  by  Mr.  D.  Clymer,  ordered  that  the 
bill  be  called  for  reading  on  Friday  next  (14th  inst.).  On 
Saturday,  September  8th,  Mr.  Brackenridge  presented  peti- 
tions from  1,363  inhabitants  of  Washington  County,  praying 
that  the  lines  of  the  new  county  proposed  might  be  extended 
so  that  they  might  be  annexed.  On  September  13,  1787, 
petitions  from  753  inhabitants  of  the  counties  of  Westmore- 
land, Washington  and  Fayette  were  read,  praying  parts  of  the 
said  counties  may  be  erected  into  a  new  county.  Ordered  to 
lie  on  the  table.  On  the  14th,  the  bill  being  the  order  of  the 
day,  was  read  the  third  time,  and  on  the  question  "  Will  the 
House  take  up  the  same  for  debating  by  paragraphs  ?  "  And 
upon  reading  it  over  a  long  debate  occurred.  Mr.  Whitehill 
opposed  it ;  he  thought  something  should  be  done  to  show 
the  propriety  or  necessity  of  passing  it  before  going  further 
with  it ;  he  thought  the  expense  would  be  too  great  for  the 
population.  He  said  it  was  too  late  to  run  the  boundaries, 
the  people  could  not  be  informed  before  the  next  election. 
Mr.  Brackenridge,  in  reply,  urged  the  disadvantages  of  the 
distance  of  the  courthouses  of  Washington  and  Westmore- 
land from  the  centre  of  population.  At  the  erection  of  Wash- 
ington  County,  Pittsburgh  expected  to  be  made  the  seat  of 
justice,  but  it  was  not  obtained,  though  they  deserved  it. 
Mr.  Wright  opposed  it  on  account  of  the  small  population 
and  the  expense.  He  remarked,  "  Will  five  hundred  people 
be  able  to  support  the  expense,  especially  if  we  consider  the 
law  laying  out  a  town  on  the  Allegheny  River  and  the  Ohio } 
The  people  will  all  have  to  cross  the  river  to  attend  the  courts, 
the  county  town  and  gaol  being  on  the  west  side,  and  there 
is  not  a  soul  to  commit  unless  it  is  the  bears,  for  there  is  not 
a  soul  living  on  that  side  of  the  river  Ohio."  Mr.  D.  Clymer 
referred  to  a  petition  sent  in  to  fix  the  new  county  seat  at 
Milmont,  near  the  habitation  of  Mr.  De  Vor'^     The  question 


I 


li 


ERECTION  AND  ORGANIZATION  OF  ALLEGHENY  COUNTY.  3OS 

was  now  put  on  taking  the  bill  up  by  paragraphs,  when  the 
yeas  were  25,  nays  33. 

On  October  22,  1787,  the  Assembly  convened  at  Philadel- 
phia. At  the  late  election  Mr.  Brackenridge  was  not  a  candi- 
date, Messrs.  Findley  and  Barr,  old  members,  with  John 
Irwin,  new,  were  the  representatives  from  Westmoreland. 
From  Washington  the  old  members  were  chosen.  On  No- 
vember 20th,  a  petition  of  a  committee  chosen  by  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Pittsburgh  and  the  neighboring  county  was  read, 
referring  to  the  petition  to  former  members  of  Assembly,  and 
praying  that  the  parts  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and 
Washington  may  be  erected  into  a  new  county,  and  by  special 
order  the  same  was  read  a  second  time.  Ordered  that  it  be 
referred  to  Mr.  Clymer,  Mr.  Lewis,  Mr.  Lowrcy,  Mr.  G. 
Heister,  Mr.  Findley,  Mr.  Irvine,  Mr.  McDowell,  Mr.  Philips 
and  Mr.  Schott  to  report  thereon. 

On  the  2 1st  of  November,  the  petitions  read  in  the  last 
House  of  Assembly,  on  the  13th  of  September,  were  presented 
to  the  chair  and  read  and  referred  to  the  above  committee. 

On  the  27th  of  November  the  report  read  on  the  21st  was 
read  the  second  time,  and  the  further  consideration  of  it  post- 
poned. The  committee  again  reported  on  the  29th.  Ordered 
to  lie  on  the  table.  Nothing  further  on  the  subject  was 
brought  up  during  the  remainder  of  the  session.  The  As- 
sembly adjourned  on  the  29th  of  November  to  the  19th  of 
February,  1788. 

February  23,  1788.  A  petition  from  90  inhabitants  of  the 
county  of  Washington  was  read,  remonstrating  against  the 
petitions  presented  to  this  and  former  Houses  of  Assembly, 
for  erecting  parts  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland,  Washing- 
ton and  Fayette  into  a  separate  county  and  establishing  the 
seat  of  justice  for  the  same  at  the  town  of  Pittsburgh,  and 
suggesting  the  propriety,  in  case  it  should  be  deemed  ex- 


< 


:■.  .i) 


306     ERECTION    AND   ORGANIZATION   OF   ALLEGHENY   COUNTY. 

pedient  to  erect  a  new  county,  that  the  courts  of  justice  may 
be  established  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  Creek,  or  at  Old  Logs- 
town. 

Ordered  to  lie  on  the  table. 

March  22,  1788.  The  House  resumed  the  consideration  of 
the  report  postponed  November  27th  last  on  the  petitions  of  a 
number  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland 
and  Washington  and  appointed  a  committee  to  decide  on  the 
boundaries  of  a  new  county. 

The  committee  reported  March  26th. 

Ordered  to  lie  on  the  table. 

House  adjourned  March  29,  1788.  • 

House  met  September  2,  1788. 

September  9th.  Petitions  presented  from  700  inhabitants  of 
the  county  of  Westmoreland  were  read,  praying  that  the  bill 
entitled  "  An  Act  for  erecting  parts  of  the  counties  of  West- 
moreland and  Washington  into  a  separate  county,"  may  be  so 
amended  as  not  to  extend  further  up  the  Youghiogheny  than 
Crawford's  sleeping  place  and  from  thence  by  a  straight  line 
to  the  mouth  of  Plum  Creek  on  the  Allegheny  River.  Ordered 
to  lie  on  the  table. 

September  nth.  Ordered  that  Tuesday  ne.xt  be  assigned  for 
the  third  reading  of  the  bill  entitled  "  An  Act  for  erecting 
parts  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Washington  into  a 
separate  county,"  and  that  it  be  the  order  of  the  day. 

September  i6th.  The  bill  was  read  the  third  time  and  the 
further  consideration  postponed  until  Saturday. 

September  19th.  Petitions  from  1,573  inhabitants  of  the 
counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Washington  were  read,  praying 
that  the  bill  may  be  passed  into  a  law.  Ordered  to  lie  on  the 
table. 

September  22d.  A  petition  from  a  number  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  county  of  Washington  was  read.  Ordered  to  lie 
on  the  table. 


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ERECTION   AND   ORGANIZATION    OK    ALLEGHENY    COUNTY.     307 

September  24th.  The  bill  entitled  "  An  Act  for  erecting 
certain  parts  of  the  counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Washing- 
ton into  a  separate  county,"  having  been  brought  in  engrossed, 
was  compared  at  the  table,  enacted  into  a  law  and  the  Speaker 
directed  to  sign  the  same. 


II 


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INDEX. 


Alarms,  orders  relative  to,  153 
Allegheny  County,  Organization  of, 

301 
Allegheny    County,    Members    of 

Legislature,  301,  305 
AUiquippa,  27 

Amherst,  General,  Orders.  155,  187 
Andrews,  an  Indian  Express  from 

Detroit,  108,  109 
Atlee,  Samuel,  210 

Baillie,  Lieutenant,  133 

Baird,  Mr.,  Orderly  Book,  148-199 

Barnsley,  Captain,  Orderly  Book, 
148-199 

Bassett,  Captain,  122,  132,  133 

Bedford,  Fort,  Letter  from,  138,  140, 
142 

Bedford,  Army  from,  168 

Block-house,  orders  to  construct,  2 1 3 

Bouquet,  Colonel,  Letter  to  General 
Amherst,  75-81 

Bouquet,  Colonel,  Letter  to  Major 
Gladwin,  144 

Bouquet,  Colonel,  thanks  to  garri- 
son, 169 

Brackenridge,  H.  H.,  218 

Brodhead,  General,  Letters  of,  235, 

236 

Bullock  Guard,  110 

Burd,  James,  Letter  to  Colonel  Bou- 
quet, 81 


Burd,  Fort,  127 

Burd,  Colonel,  157 

Burent,  Captain,  119,  122,  128,  134 

Bushy  Run,  Battle  of,  107,  127 

Butler,  Ki'-hard.  24 1 

Calhoon,  Mr.,  87,  127 
Campaign  in  the  South,  207 
Campbell,    Captain,  arrived    with 

provisions,  108 
Campbell,  Captain,  commands  mili- 
tia on  march,  179 
Carson,  Joseph,  216 
"     William.  208 
Carre,  Capt.,  Orderly  Book,  148 
Celeron,  Captain,  Journal  of,  1 
"  "         lead  plates,  15.24, 

39.  40,  52 

Chatterbox,  Speech  to  McKee,  97, 
98 

Clarke,  George  Rogers,  General, 
202 

Clapham,  Colonel,  85,  125,  184 

Collier,  Daniel,  126 

Commission  as  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral, 212 

Conference,  Indian,  17.  30, 32,  ^6,  37 

Cornwallis,  General,  207 

Corn  to  cut,  164 

Council  held  with  officers,  14 

Court-martial,  178 

Cowpens,  207 


(309) 


310 


INDEX. 


Cows,  order  to  sell,  163 

Craig,  Major,  216 

Crawford,  Hugh,  86 

Croghan,  George,  123,  124.  130,  135 

Cuyler,  Lieutenant,  89,  130 

De  Butts,  Captain,  286,  293.  295 

Deerskins,  161 

Deserters,  139,  141 

D'Troit,  Ecuyer,  Journal  of.  84 

Dogs  to  be  tied  up  or  killed,  152.  179 

Donelon,  Captain,  and  Lieutenant 

Boyd  fight,  120 
Douglas,  Ephraim,  201 

Ecuyer,  Captain,  Journal,  84 

Orderly  Book,  148-199 

"      Letters,  110-144 

"      Wounded,  105 
Elliot,  Robert,  death  of,  214 
Ellis,  Letter,  174 

Firelocks,  167 

Flour,  164 

Forbes,  General,  Letter  to  Colonel 

Bouquet,  71 
Fort  Recovery,  Wayne's   Letters, 

263,  282. 
Forts,  names  of  forts  supplied  by 

O'Hara,  211 

General  Hospital,  206 

Gladwin,      Major,      Letter     from 

Bouquet,  144 
Glassworks,  216 
Grass  to  cut,  156 
Grand  Glaize,  215 
Grandidier,  Mr.,  133 
Grant,  Major,  Letters,  63 
Grant's  Hill,  Indians  on,  92,  93,  97 

99 


Greenville,  Fort,  214 
Greene,  General,  208 

Hamilton,  Alex.,  299,  300 

Hand,  Ed.,  General,  Letters  of,  223- 

227,  .•30-233 
Harmar,  General  Josiah,   Letters, 

211 
Harmar's  Defeat,  212 
Heckwelder,  John,  Letters,  204-206 
Hodgdon,  S.,  Letters  to  O'Hara,  249 
Hopkins,  John  Henry,  218 
Horseshoe  Plain,  202 
Horses  and  Cow.s,  160 
Hudson,  John,  134 
Hulings,  Marcus,  132 
Hutchins,  Ensign,  125,  144 

Indian  Conferences,  17,  30,  32,  36, 

37,45.53.56,57.63,221 
Indian  Letter,  287 
Indians  drive  off  cattle,  136 
Inundation,  March  12.  1763,  114 
Indian  Corn,  price  of,  155 
Indians  on  river  shore,  102,  103 
Inventory  of  provisions,  173 
Irvine,  Wm.,  General,  Letters,  237- 
?4i 

Kaskaskie,  202 

Kanawha,  201 

Keys  of  the  gates,  1 59 

Kirkpatrick,  W.,  General,  215 

Kiashuta,  221 

Knox,  Henry,  General,  245-247 

Kuskusky,  201 

Lead  plates  buried,  15,  24,  39,  40, 52 

Le    Boeuf,    Fort,    Ensign    Price's 

escape  from,  93,  94 
Lee,  Arthur,  Letter,  241 


mta 


INDEX. 


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fers, 
249 


Letter  to  Philadelphia,  26 

Ligonier,  146 

Lochry,  Colonel,   Letters  to,  224- 

229,  231-233. 
Louis  Phillippe,  219 

Miami  Villages,  202 
Mcintosh,  P'ort,  210 

"         General,  letters,  234 
McMasters,  John.  213 
McKee,  90,  91, 133,  135,  136 
Militia  to  march  to  Hedford,  179 
Mifflin,  Governor,  213 
Miller  shot,  90 
Mingoes  sell  skins,  124 
Moreau,  General,  219 
Moravian  town,  203 

Neville,  John,  General,  215 

North  Carolina,  207 

Nourse,  Jos.,  Register,  Letters,  212, 

245 
Notes  l)y  General  O'Hara,  219 

O'Hara,  James,  General,  Life  of, 

200 
O'Hara,  James,  General,   Letters, 

203,  210,  245,  260.  264,  268,  275- 

281,285,  290 
O'Hara,  William  Carson,  217 
Ourry,  Captain,  121 
Orderly  Book,  Fort  Pitt,  148-199 

Philadelphia,  Letter  to,  by  Celeron, 

26 
Pickering,  Timothy,  Letters,  292- 

493 

Pipe,  Captain,  201 
Pitt,  Fort,  Ecuyer's  Journal,  84 
Presidential  Elector,  217 
Price,  Ensign,  escape  of,  93,  94 


I    Presbyterian  Church,  217 

!    Putnam,  Brigadier-General,  212 

Rations  reduced,  171,  172 
'    Redstone,  Fort,  89 
'    Ross,  James,  21S 
I    Roche  De  Bout,  Fort.  214 

Sick  and  wounded.  179 

Salt,  217 

.Sandusky,  report  of  destruction  of, 

89 
Saw-mill  in  Allegheny,  216 
Sentinel,  orders  to,  156,  180.  181 
I    Ship,  General  Butler,  216.  217 
Smith,  Devereux,  200 
Smallpox,  93,  182 
Simeral,  Alex.,  223 
Spanish  schooner,  217 
Spelt  field,  100, 153 
Stagg,  Jos.,  212 
St.  Clair's  Defeat,  213 
Steele,  Letters,  297-298 
Stewart,  Captain,  orders  to  march, 

199 
Summons  made  to  the  English,  61 

Tarleton,  General,  207 
Thompson,  James,  killed,  92 
Trent,  Major,  129 
Troops  to  march  for  Ligonier,  171 
Turtle's  Heart,  Speech  to  McKee, 
92 

Venango  in  ashes,  94,  130 
Vincennes,  202 

Washington,  Fort, Wayne's  Letters, 
262,  263,  273,  274,  283,  288,  289 

Wayne,  General,  208,  264,  267,  270- 
272,  282-285,  288-290 


312 
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